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（2019）必修一Unit5阅读理解Today,we have the abilityto predictdangerous tornadoes,hurricanes,winter stormsand floods（准确/性）with moreaccuracy thanever.We knowthe areas that arelikely tobe struckby earthquakes,and theareasthat are easilyharmed bywildfires,and we can tellhours in advance whethera tsunamiwillhit ourshores.However,in spiteof allthe abilitiesfor warnings,Americans arestill quitepoor at preparing forthese disasters.In a2006survey carriedout byTIME Magazine,only16%percent believed they werewell prepared for the nextone.（）A fewweeks ago,I waslistening toNPR NationalPublic Radioas Iwas cookingdinner,andI hearda movingstory abouta youngboy,Noah Stewart,who livedthrough atornado thathit hisAlabamahome.（卷入）Noah wassucked up into the tornado and then dropped.He landedon his head first,witha fallof suchforce that,under normalconditions,would havekilled him.However,he survivedbecause（头盔）his mother made a quick decision to put a baseball helmet on hishead right before the tornadohit.Noah wasunhurt in the storm.But thehelmet crackeddown themiddle.The CDCstates thatthey cantsay whetherhelmets cansave livesduring atornado impact.（可能的）However,it stillseems wisefor anyonein atornadoprone areato keepseveral helmetsat theready.Any addedprotection isgoing toincrease yourchance ofsurvival,and asNoahs storyclearlyshows,helmets cansave lives.You donthave to buy newhelmets-picking upused bicycle,football orbaseball helmetsateconomical storesand yardsales cansave moneyand keepyour familyprotected.However,its necessarythat youkeep thesehelmets in an easilyreachable place;they shouldnotbe used for any other purpose,as theymay bemisplaced.Remember,when atornado hits,you mightonlyhave minutes—or evenseconds—to findshelter.You dontwant torun aroundyour house,searching forthose helmets.
1.What canwe learnfrom Paragraph2A.Americans areafraid ofdisasters.B.There aremany disastersin America.potential humanillnesses basedon observing andanalyzing eachpatients signsand symptoms.As itturns out,quake predictionis extremelydifficult.Many sourcesshow thatearthquake forecastingwas arecognized sciencein ancientGreece.Ancient Greekslived veryclose tonature andwere able to detectunusual phenomenaand forecastearthquakes.The firstknown forecastwas madeby Pherecydesof Syrosabout2500years ago:he madeit as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly bee muddy.Indeed,an earthquakeoccurred twodays later,making Pherecydesfamous.Nowadays,seismic andremotesensingmethods areconsidered tohavethe greatest potentialin termsof solvingthe earthquakepredictionproblem.Currently,Terra Seismiccan identifya forthingearthquake witha highlevel ofconfidence.Generally,Terra Seismicdoes notpredict aquake ifthe earthquakesepicenter islocated beyonda depthof40km.Fortunately,such quakesare almostalways harmless,since quakesenergy reducesbeforereaching theEarths surface.Scientists have tried everypossible methodto tryto predictearthquakes,Bruneau said.Nobody hasbeen ableto crackit andmake abelievable prediction.
28.What dowe knowabout earthquake forecastingA.Scientists havebeen passionateabout accurately predicting earthquakes.B.As longas enoughdata iscollected,earthquakes can be predicted.C.Mathematical modelsof motioncan simulateand predict earthquakes.D.Scientists havenot yetfully studiedthe structureof earthquakes.
29.How didPherecydes successfullypredict earthquakesA.By seismicand remotesensingmethods.B.By observingunusual naturalphenomena.C.By livingin seismiczones throughoutthe year.D.By lookinginto dataon theearly warningsigns.
30.What wasBruneaus opinion about thecurrent methodsof earthquakepredictionA.He stronglybelievedtheTerra Seismiccan solvethe difficultproblem.B.He wassure thathumans couldaccuratelypredict earthquakes in the future.C.He consideredit harmlessto humansfor an earthquake deeperthan40km.D.He thoughtthat scientistshad noreliable methodto predictearthquakes.
31.Which questiondoes this article focusonA.Why dohumans predictearthquakesB.How to protect oneselfduring an earthquakeC.What methodscan beused toforecast earthquakesD.When toachieve accurateearthquakeforecastingA drought isa period of time when an area or region experiencesbelownormal rainfall.The lack ofenough rainfall,either rainor snow,can causereduced soilwetness orgroundwater,diminished steam（减少的水流），low croploss,and ageneral watershortage.Droughts are the secondmost costly weathereventsafter hurricanes.The earlyeffects of a droughtmaybe difficult to identifyright away,so itmay takeweeks ormonthsto determine that a drought has started.The endof a drought ishard to identify for the samereason.Adrought may last for weeks,months,or evenyears.Sometimes,drought conditionscan existfor tenyearsor moreinaregion.The longera droughtlasts,the greaterthe harmfuleffects ithas onpeople.Droughts affectpeople inseveral ways.Clean drinkingwater issignificant forall life,and sourcesof water maynan*ow during a drought.Without thepresence of water,people mustbring inenoughwater fromelsewhere to survive.Water isalso neededfor cropsto grow.When notenough rainfallsto（灌溉）.naturally watercrops,they mustbe wateredby irrigationIrrigation ispossible onlywhen thereisenough water in nearbyrivers,lakes,or streams,or fromgroundwater.During a drought,these watersourcesare diminishedand mayeven dryup,preventing cropsfrom beingirrigated andcausing them todie off.One personstudying theseproblems isAlexandra Cousteau,a NationalGeographic EmergingExplorerwhose latestplan isBlue Legacy.She startedBlue Legacyto raiseawareness that we liveon awater planet andmust takecare ofit.Cousteau,the granddaughterof thewellknown oceanexplorerJacques Cousteau,believes that water willbe akey issuein thiscentury.She predictsthat waterproblemssuch as drought,storms,floods,and degradedwater quality will create“water refugees”,people movingin search of water.Cousteau stressesthat wemust doall we can to protect Earthsvaluable freshwaterresources.
32.What is the functionof thefirst paragraphA.To introducewhat adrought is.B.To paredroughts withhurricanes.C.To explainwhy adrought occurs.D.To raiseawareness ofsome disasters.
33.Among alldisasters,what isspecial aboutdroughtsA.They causethegreatestharms.B.They arehard tospot inno time.C.They usuallyend forno reason.D.They influencepeoples living.
34.What doesthe thirdparagraph mainlytell usA.Crops cannotgrow withoutwater.B.Irrigation isimpossible during adrought.C.There aremany waysto preventdroughts.D.Droughts influenceliving and agriculture.
35.Why iswater refugees^mentioned in the last paragraphA.To popularizeBlue Legacy.B.To tellwe liveonawaterplanet.C,To persuadepeople tolook forwater.D.To stressthe importanceof waterresource.Humans canrace to get out of a hurricanes path.Some animalscan sensea hurricane ingand leavequickly,but there are animalsthat cantsimply get out of the way.Here arethe various effects ofhurricaneson animals.Birds may be ableto senseair pressureand otherchanges in the environment,which encourages（迁徙）them toget out of harmsway.Some birdswill evenspeed uptheir migration leaving earlier thanusual ifa serioushurricane isapproaching.However,strong windscan pushbirds hundreds of milesawayfrom theirhome.Young orweak birdscan beeseparated from the restof theirgroup andoften havedifficultymaking ithome.Fish can also be affected.After HurricaneAndrew in1992,about184million fishdied insouthLouisianas Atchafalaya Basin alone.Strong windsblew leavesoff trees,blowing theminto wetlands.（腐烂的）The rottingorganic materialto extremelylow levelsof oxygenin thewater,killing thefish.Some fishwill oftenfind shelteredareas duringhurricanes,but they9re notalways safe.Dolphins haveoccasionallybeen blownto shoreduring bighurricanes.There aremany otherdangers thate withhurricanerelated water.Sharp riseof saltwater onshore canharmwildlife andplants that live in the freshwater and cantbear thesalt content.Heavy raincan alsoaffect the balance of fresh and salt waterin some areas,harming thecreatures thatlive in them.Many animalslose theirregular food supply whenahurricanearrives,as strong winds andrainsdestroy treesof fruits,nuts andberries.During HurricaneAndrew,about onequarterof Louisianas（牡蛎种苗）public oysterseed groundswere destroyed.Because theoysters werean importantfoodsource forsome birdson Louisianasbarrier Islands,the birdssuffered massdeath as a directresult of thehurricane.
36.What canwe learnfrom paragraph2A.Birds areadapting toa changingclimate.B,Birds cansense theing of a huiricane.C.Birds migrateat certaintimes ofevery year.D.Birds habitatsare destroyedby hurricanes.
37.What causesfish insouth LouisianasAtchafalaya Basinto dieafter HurricaneAndrew in1992A.Poisonous leaves.B.Air pollution.C.A lackof oxygen.D.The lossof shelters.
38.What couldbe theeffect ofhurricanerelated waterA.Ocean ecosystemis destroyed.B・Sea saltproduction isreduced.C.Many animalsmove awayfrom theirhabitats.D.There would be lessfresh wateron theearth.
39.What can beasuitable titleforthe textA.Animals suffermore thanhumans during a humcaneB,What happensto animalsduringahurricaneC.Why doanimals migrateearlier thanusualD.Animals mightface seriousthreats参考答案:
1.C
2.A
3.C
4.D【导语】这是一篇说明文尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为这些灾难做准备方面仍然很差,作者对如何使用头盔作为重要的抗灾工具提出了建议细节理解题根据第二段第一句
1.However,in spiteof allthe abilitiesfor warnings,Americans are然而，尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为这些灾难做still quitepoor atpreparing for thesedisasters4准备方面仍然很差广可知，大多数美国人对灾难没有充分的准备故选C细节理解题根据第四段第三句
2.However,he survivedbecause his mothermadeaquickdecisionto（头盔）（然而，他;舌了下来，因putabaseballhelmetonhisheadrightbeforethetornado hit.为他的母亲在龙卷风袭击之前迅速决定给他戴上棒球头盔）”可知，诺亚・斯图尔特能在龙卷风中幸存下来是因为他受到了头盔的保护故选A细节理解题根据最后一段第一句
3.However,ifs necessarythat youkeep thesehelmets inan easilyreachableplace;they shouldnot beusedfor anyotherpurpose,as theymaybe（然而，你有必要把这些头盔放在一个容易拿到的地方；它们不应用于任何其他目的，misplaced.因为它们可能被放错地方厂可知，你应该把头盔放在容易拿到的地方才能让头盔发挥好作用故选C推理判断题根据第二段
4.“However,in spiteof allthe abilitiesfor warnings,Americans arestill quitepooratpreparing forthesedisasters.In a2006survey carriedout byTIME Magazine,only16%percent（然而，尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为这些灾believed theywere wellprepared forthe nextone.难做准备方面仍然很差在《时代》杂志年进行的一项调查中，只有的人认为他们为200616%下一个危机做好了准备户可知，作者写这篇文章是为了号召人们为灾难做好准备故选D
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了公众对森林火灾其实存在误解，适当条件下的火灾对环境有益处，并有助于防止更大规模无法控制的野火.细节理解题根据第二段中所说的话5Herbert Stoddard“Within afew yearsmost forestschoke up（草原般植被）with bushes,lose theirprairielike vegetationand canno longersupport birdswhich depend（不出几年，大多数森林就会被灌木丛堵on periodic burning for their foodsupply and proper cover.塞，失去草原般的植被，无法再养活依靠周期性燃烧获得食物供应和适当掩护的鸟类厂可知，对而言，周期性的燃烧对鸟类是有益的，为它们提供食物和适当掩护故选Herbert StoddardB项词句猜测题根据画线词的下文
6.“canbeused byforest professionalsevery coupleof yearsto keep（森林专业人员可以每两年使用一次，以使森林燃料forest fuelsat aproper andmanageable level保持在适当和可管理的水平）”可知，专业人员使用这种火有固定的频率，目的是更好地管控森林燃料，再结合所给选项可推知，画线词意思应该与“有计划的”相近，这是人为事Planned先计划好的火故选项C推理判断题根据第三段中
7.“They canalso greatlyreduce thespread ofpest insectsand diseaseandremove unwantedtree andplant species.Plus,they cancreate andmaintain importantwildlife habitats们还可以大大减rich ingrasses and promote the growth of trees,wildflowers and other variousplants.少害虫和疾病的传播，并清除不需要的树木和植物物种此外，它们可以创造和维持重要的长满草的野生动物栖息地，促进树木、野花和其他各种植物的生长广可知,这种火灾可以帮助森林生态系统清理有害的、不需要的生物，促进有益的生物的生长由此可知，森林专业人员这样做是为了保持森林的平衡故选项A推理判断题通读全文，尤其是第一段中
8.“The publicnowadays hasa misunderstandingof forest（现在公众对森林火灾有一种误解，fires,believing thatfires shouldbe keptoutofevery type of forest.认为任何类型的森林都不应该发生火灾）”和“Under theright conditions,and whenconductedsafely,fire cancreate manyenvironmental benefitsas wellas helpprevent larger,uncontrollable wildfires.（在适当的条件下，如果安全进行，火可以创造许多环境效益，并有助于防止更大、无法控制的野火厂可知，作者想破除公众对森林火灾存在的误解，向读者普及正确的理解适当条件下的火灾对环境有益处，并有助于防止更大规模无法控制的野火因此，作者的写作目的是教育人们了解受控制的火灾的积极影响故选项C
9.D
10.A
11.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国北方遭遇的沙尘暴及其影响细节理解题根据第三段中
9.“The stormwas the result ofwarm anddry weather in thearea,together（这场风暴是该地区温暖干燥的天气加上来自蒙古的强风的with the strong windsfrom Mongolia.结果广可知，温暖干燥的天气和强风蒙古的沙尘暴故选项D细节理解题根据第四段中
10.This isthanks toChinas ThreeNorthShelter ForestProgram（三北防护林工程）（这要归功于中国从世纪年代开始实TNSFP,which startedin the1970s.2070施的三北防护林工程户可知，三北防护林工程始于世纪年代故选项2070A细节理解题根据第五段中（预警系
11.“Besides,China hasa colorgradedweather warningsystem统）（止匕夕卜,中for sandstorms,with redmeaning the most serious,followed byorange andyellow.国有沙尘暴天气预警系统，红色代表最严重，其次是橙色和黄色厂和“Sandstorm visibility1（严重的）（沙暴能见度v公里；强沙尘暴kilometer Severe sandstorm visibility500meters1能见度米］可知，能见度米属于预警系统中的“沙暴强度最低，是黄色预警故选500700项C
12.D
13.C
14.B
15.A【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了黄河数字挛生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展.细节理解题由文章第一段中13“And flood control and prevention havealways been key to thewellbeing of the peopleliving alongit.Now,scientists canbetter workon theseissues by giving the river（洪水的控制和预防一直是生活在这条河上的人们幸福生活的关键现在，科学家a digitaltwin.们可以通过给河流一个数字挛生体来更好地解决这些问题广可知，创建黄河数字挛生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作故选D
14.细节理解题由文章第三段中“They areburied inimportant dike（堤坝）locationsto record and.（它们被埋在重要的堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的运动report themovement ofdike stones户可知，智能石头监测和报告堤防的运动故选C细节理解题由文章倒数第二段中
15.“On theroutes designedby engineers,the dronesbee expert（巡逻员）（在工程师设计的patrollers of the river,looking atits dikesand floodprevention projects.路线上，无人机成为河流的专业巡逻员，监视河堤和防洪工程广可知，无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息故选Bo词句猜测题由文章最后一段中
16.“Under thewater andup in the sky,intelligence systemsarehelping toprotect the Yellow RiverBasin onall fronts.According to the Ministryof WaterResources,in（水下和空中,情报系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的the future,wecanexpect tosee theconstruction各个方面根据水利部的说法，在未来，我们可以期待看到这条重要河流的建设厂可知，水下和空中，情报系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面，希望在未来，可以看到这条重要河流的更全面的数字系统的建设由此猜测，划线词意为“全面的完整的，全面的；A.plete B.Basic基础的；美丽的；自然的故选C BeautifulD.Natura A
16.D
17.A
18.C
19.A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了岁的居住在美国西海岸，她以前从来没有13Maggie经历过地震一天，她独自在家时，经历了地震推理判断题由文章第一段
17.She hadnever experienced an earthquake before;she onlyprepared forit.As longas she could remember,preparingforan earthquake was mon at her school.Her familyhad.（她以前从来没有经历过地震，她只是为它做了准made plans as well in case of a natural disaster备从她能记事起，为地震做准备在她的学校就很常见她的家人也制定了应对自然灾害的计划户可推知，有在地震中自救的知识故选Maggie D.词句猜测题根据第三段中（害怕得抱住自己）”可知，18“Maggie hugged herself in fear Maggie玻璃破碎的声音和许多东西的碰撞声让感到很害怕，画线词用来描述声音，故Maggie deafening可知意为“非常大声，震耳欲聋的”之意故选deafening A细节理解题由第四段
19.“Maggie couldhear thesound ofwater rushing below herin the basement（能听到地下室里水在她下面奔流的声音）“和Maggie Maggie knew where the main water valve（阀门）（知道主水阀在哪里，也知道怎么关掉它）”及第六段was and how to turn it off Maggie第一句While placingher feetfirmly on the floor,Maggie felta suddenpain asa largewood hither head（正当她稳稳地把脚放在地板上时，一块大木头击中了她的头和肩膀，她突然感到and shoulder一阵疼痛广可知，在去关水阀的路上被木头砸伤了故选Maggie C主旨大意题通读全文可知，本文讲述了一个居住在美国西海岸的岁小女孩独自
20.13Maggie在家中时遭遇地震的经历，选项”一个女孩在地震中的故事”能概括本文故选A A
21.B
21.D
22.A
23.C【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道主要介绍了在昨天，过去年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸席40卷了整个亚洲的海岸线，在印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家造成6500多人死亡细节理解题根据文章第一段
20.“The mostpowerful earthquakein thepast40years causeda tsunamithat crashed intocoastlines acrossAsia yesterday,killing more than6,500people inIndonesia,India,（昨天，过去年来最强烈的地震引发的海Thailand,Malaysia,and atleast four other countries40啸席卷了整个亚洲的海岸线，在印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家造成多人死亡户可知，在印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家造成多65006500人死亡故选B细节理解题根据文章第一段
21.“Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and carswere sweptaway by（渔民、游客、酒店、huge wavescaused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of
9.
0.房屋和汽车被里氏级的强烈地震引发的巨浪卷走户可知，地震的等级是九级故选
9.0D细节理解题根据文章第二段（另有人在泰国
22.“Another254were founddead in Thailand254死亡广可知，泰国有人死于这场灾难故选254A细节理解题根据文章第二段
23.“However,dangerous conditionsand damaged roads will make it然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食物和物资变得困difficult to deliver food and supplies4难）”可知，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食物和物资变得困难故选C
24.D
25.D
26.A
27.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人词句猜测题根据划线词所在句子及下一句
24.For example,in the1985Mexico Cityearthquake,they foundhundreds ofchildren inschools,crushed by their desks.However,they couldhave survivedby（通道，走道）（例如，在年墨西哥城地震中，他们发lying in the aislenext to their desks.1985现学校里有数百名儿童被桌子然而，如果他们躺在桌子旁边的过道里，就有可能活下crushed来户可知，那些躲在课桌下的孩子被压死了，因此意为故选crushed“killed”,D推理判断题根据第三段
25.“So finda nicepiece offurniture,a chair,a sofa,and lie down,or curlup（所next to it.A fallingroof may pact the furniture,but willstill leavea spacefor youto survivenext to it以找一件漂亮的家具，一把椅子，一个沙发，躺下来，或者蜷缩在它旁边倒塌的屋顶可能会压紧家具，但仍会为你在它旁边留下生存的空间广和倒数第三段的“Yes,their carswere crashedbut（是的，there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await arescue他们的车被撞坏了，但在车的旁边有从上到下的空间供人们生存和等待救援）“可知，在一件结实的家具或一辆汽车旁边躺下可以使我们从地震中死里逃生，故选D细节理解题根据最后一段的
26.“Staying calmis thefirst andmost importantrule whenfacing.（当面对事故时，镇定是首要也是最重要的规则）”可知，当事故发生时，你应该首先accidents保持冷静，故选AC.Most Americansare notwellprepared for disasters.D.Disasters arebetter predictedin America.
2.Why couldNoah Stewartsurvive in the tornadoA.Because hewas protectedby ahelmet.B,Because hewas bravein thetornado.C.Because hewas quickmindedin emergency.D.Because hestayed withhismother.
3.What shouldyou doto makethe helmetsfunction wellA.Choose newones.B.Use professionalones.C.Put themat hand.D.Save moneytobuyexpensive ones.
4.What isthe authorspurpose inwriting thetextA.To describethe movingstory of a boy.B,To warnus of thetornadoimpact.C.To adviseus to keep helmetshandy.D.To askus toprepare forthe disasters.The publicnowadays hasa misunderstandingof forest fires,believing thatfires shouldbe keptoutof everytype offorest.Many ofus canrecall Smokeythe Bearsfamous warning:“Remember,only YOUcan prevent forestfires,\However,thats notalways thecase.Under theright conditions,and whenconductedsafely,fire cancreate manyenvironmental benefitsas wellas helpprevent larger,uncontrollable wildfires.After aforestfire,many wildlifespecies willmove intorecently burnedareas tofeed on thesenewly availablefoods.Some reptilesand amphibianssuch as the snakeprefer forestsfrequently burnedbyfire.As HerbertStoddard putit,“One of the mostharmful thingsmodem manhas doneto birdshas（松树）been hisattempt toexclude fire from firetypepine forests.Within afew yearsmost forestschoke（草原般植被）up withbushes,lose theirprairielike vegetationand canno longersupport birdswhichdepend onperiodicburningfortheirfoodsupplyandpropercover.主旨大意题根据第一段
27.Earthquakes aremon natural disasters.No matterwhere you are,knowing.（地震是常见的自然灾害how toprotect yourselfand yourfamily duringan earthquakeis necessary无论你在哪里，知道如何在地震中保护自己和家人是必要的户结合文章主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人可知，选项“正确的地震求生技巧”最符合文章标题故选AAo
28.A
29.B
30.D
31.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等推理判断题根据第一段
29.“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known tomankind.From ancientGreece tothe present day,countless scientistshave triedto developtools to.（地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一从古希腊到今天，无数科学家predictearthquakes试图开发预测地震的工具户可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们一直热衷于准确预测地震故选项A推理判断题根据第三段
30.“The firstknown forecastwas madeby Pherecydesof Syrosabout2500years ago:he madeitashescoopedwaterfrom awellandnoticedthatusuallyverycleanwaterhad（大约suddenlybeemuddy.Indeed,an earthquakeoccurred twodays later,making Pherecydesfamous.年前，西罗斯的费雷西德斯成为第一个知名的预测家他在从井中舀水时注意到通常非常2500清澈的水突然变得浑浊果然，两天后发生了一次地震，使费雷西德斯成名户可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象预测的地震故选项B推理判断题根据第四段末
31.“Scientists have tried everypossible methodto tryto predict（earthquakes/Bruneau said.Nobody hasbeen ableto crackit andmake abelievable prediction/Bruneau说‘科学家们已经尝试了各种可能的方法来预测地震’布鲁诺说‘没有人能够破解它并做出可信的预测‘广可推知，认为科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震故选项Bruneau D主旨大意题通读全文，尤其是第一段
32.“Earthquake forecastingis one of themost ancientskillsknown tomankind.From ancientGreece tothe presentday,countless scientistshavetriedto developtools to predictearthquakes.Their attemptsusually focused on searching for reliable evidences of ing.（地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一从古希腊到现在，无数的科学家试图开发quakes预测地震的工具他们的尝试通常集中在寻找可靠的地震前兆证据上.）”可知，文章说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等，故本文的主旨是地震预报方法故选项C
33.A
33.B
34.D
35.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了什么是干旱、干旱的特点以及干旱的影响推理判断题根据第一自然段
34.“A drought isaperiodoftimewhenanareaorregionexperiencesbelownormal rainfall.The lackof enoughrainfall,either rainor snow,can causereduced soilwetness or（减少的水流）,groundwater,diminished steamlow croploss,andageneral watershortage.Droughts（干旱是指一个地区的降雨量低于正常水arethesecondmostcostlyweather eventsafter hurricanes.平的一段时间缺乏足够的降雨，无论是雨还是雪，都可能导致土壤湿度或地下水减少、蒸汽量减少、作物损失和普遍缺水干旱是仅次于飓风的第二大天气事件厂可知，本段主要介绍了什么是干旱以及引起干旱的因素因此第一段的作用是介绍什么是干旱故选A.细节理解题根据第二自然段35The earlyeffects ofadroughtmaybe diflficulttoidentifyright away,so itmay takeweeks ormonths todeterminethatadroughthasstarted.The endofadroughtishard to.（干旱的早期影响可identify forthe samereason.Adroughtmaylastforweeks,months,or evenyears能很难立即确定，因此可能需要数周或数月的时间才能确定干旱已经开始由于同样的原因，干旱的结束很难确定干旱可能持续数周、数月甚至数年户可知，在所有灾害中，干旱的特别之处在于它们很难在短时间内被发现故选B主旨大意题根据第三自然段（干旱对人们的影响有
36.“Droughts affectpeople inseveral ways.几个方面）”可知，本段主要介绍干旱对人们的影响又根据本段“Clean drinkingwater is（清洁的饮用水对所有生命significant forall life,and sources ofwatermay narrowduringadrought.都很重要,干旱期间水源可能会减少户和“Water isalso neededfor cropsto grow.When notenoughrainfalls tonaturally watercrops,they mustbe wateredby imgation（灌溉）・（作物生长也需要水当降雨量不足以自然灌溉作物时，必须通过灌溉来解决广可知，第三段主要阐述干旱对生活和农业的影响故选D推理判断题根据最后一段
37.She predictsthatwaterproblems suchasdrought,storms,floods,anddegraded water qualitywillcreate waterrefugees,people movinginsearchofwater.Cousteau stresses.（她预测，干旱、风暴、thatwemust doall wecan toprotect Earthsvaluable freshwaterresources洪水和水质恶化等水问题将造成“水难民”，即人们四处寻找水源库斯托强调，我们必须竭尽全力保护地球上宝贵的淡水资源户可知，最后一段提至「水难民”是为了说明缺水问题的严重影响，进而强调水资源的重要性故选D
38.B
37.C
38.A
39.B【导语】本文是说明文文章讲述了飓风对动物的各种影响细节理解题根据第二段
39.Birds maybe ableto senseair pressureandotherchanges in theenvironment,whiche ncouragesthemtoget outof harmsway.Some birdswill evenspeed uptheir（迁徙）.（鸟类可能能够感migrationleavingearlierthanusual ifa serioushurricane isapproaching知气压和环境中的其他变化，这鼓励它们远离危险如果一场严重的飓风即将来临，一些鸟类甚至会加速迁徙，比平时更早离开）“可知，鸟能感觉到飓风的来临故选B细节理解题根据第三段
40.“Fish canalso beaffected.After HurricaneAndrew in1992,about184million fishdied insouth LouisianasAtchafalayaBasinalone.Strong windsblew leavesoff trees,（腐烂的）blowing theminto wetlands.The rottingorganic materialto extremelylow levelsof oxygeninthe water,killing the自sh.（鱼类也会受到影响1992年安德鲁飓风过后，仅路易斯安那州南部的阿查法拉亚盆地就有亿条鱼死亡强风把树叶从树上吹落，吹到湿地腐烂的有机物质使
1.84水中的氧气含量极低，杀死了鱼厂可知，1992年安德鲁飓风过后，缺少氧气导致路易斯安那州南部阿查法拉亚盆地的鱼类死亡故选Co细节理解题根据第四段
41.“There aremany otherdangers thate withhurricanerelated water.Sharprise ofsaltwateronshorecan harmwildlife andplants thatlive in the freshwaterand cantbear thesaltcontent.Heavy raincanalsoaffectthebalanceoffreshandsaltwaterinsomeareas,harming thecreatures（与飓风有关的水还会带来许多其他危险岸上咸水的急剧上升会伤害生活在淡thatlivein them.水中的野生动物和植物，它们无法承受海水的含盐量大雨还会影响某些地区淡水和盐水的平衡，伤害生活在其中的生物厂可知，与飓风有关的水会破坏海洋生态系统故选A主旨大意题根据第一段
42.Humans canrace togetoutofahurricanes path.Some animalscan senseahurricaneingandleavequickly,but thereare animalsthat cantsimply getoutof the way.Here arethe（人类可以竞相逃离飓风的路径有些动物能感觉到飓风variouseffectsof hurricaneson animals.的来临并迅速离开，但有些动物不能简单地让路这是飓风对动物的各种影响广可知，文章针对飓风对动物的各种影响展开叙述What happensto animalsduringahurricane（飓风来袭时动物会怎么样？）符合最佳标题故选BIf youare askedto picturethe forestfloor,what doyou seePine needles,cones,leaves,branches mightetomind-all sourcesof fuel.If thesefuel sourcesbuild upwithout anytypeofremoval,the fuelload canlead tofires whichare hugedisasters toforests andpeople alike.In contrast,prescribed firescanbeused byforest professionalsevery coupleof yearsto keepforest fuelsataproperand manageablelevel.They canalso greatlyreduce thespread ofpest insectsand diseaseand removeunwantedtree andplant species.Plus,they cancreate andmaintain importantwildlife habitatsrich ingrassesandpromotethegrowthoftrees,wildflowers andother variousplants.Many organizationswork topromote fireon thelandscape.Smoky Beareven hasan updatedwarning:Only YOUcanpreventwildfires,“astheForest Servicehas overthe lastfew decadesdevelopedpolicies andmeasures toinclude prescribedfire asa usefultool,as wellas continuingtheirwork to prevent andfight wildfires.
5.What canbenefit birdsaccording toHerbert StoddardA.Forest bushes.B.Periodic burning.C.Fuel sources.D.Pine forests.
6.What doesthe underlinedword“prescribed“in paragraph3probably meanA.Frequent.B.Wild.C.Planned.D.Damaging.
7.Why doforest professionalsneed toconduct fireevery coupleof yearsaccording tothe passageA.To keepthe forestin balance.B.To keepthe fuelrich in the forest.C.To putout wildfires.D.To removetree andplant species.
8.What isthe authorspurpose inwriting thetextA.To preventthe useof prescribedfire inthe forest.B,To promotethe pleteexclusion offirefromforests.C.To educatepeople onpositive aspectsof controlledfires.D.To encouragethe publicto removesourcesofforest fuels.A bigsandstorm hitnorthern Chinaseveral monthsago.It coveredmany citieswith thickclouds of（尘土）.yellow dustThe storm,which camefrom Mongolia,was thelargest sandstormin Chinainthepast10years.（取消）（能见度）Many flightsand classeswere canceledbecause thevisibility waslower than500meters.Thestormwas theresult ofwarm anddry weatherinthearea,together withthe strong winds fromMongolia.There hasbeen littlerainfall sofar thisspring and the temperatureis rising.So nowit isaworrying timefbr sandstormsJ saidan expertfrom Beijing.In recentyears,sandstorms haventbeen asmon innorthern Chinaas before.The landwith（沙漠化）desertification hasbeen fallingby7,585km peryear inChina,and thearea ofsandy landhasbeen decreasingby1,284km ayear.This isthanks toChinas ThreeNorthShelter ForestProgram（三北防护林工程）TNSFP,which startedinthe1970s.Millions oftrees havebeen plantedin northernChinatopreventsandstorms andprotect theenvironment.（预警系统）Besides,China hasa colorgradedweather warningsystem forsandstorms,with redmeaningthemostserious,followed byorange andyellow.Therefore,people wouldhave timeto getpreparedforthe sandstorm.Sandstorm visibility1kilometer（严重的）Severesandstorm visibility500metersSuper severesandstormvisibility50meters（造成）
9.What causedthesandstormfrom MongoliaA.Cold andwet weather,together withthestrongwinds.B,Cold butsunny weather.C.Warm,wet weatherand thestrongwinds.D.Warm,dry weatherandthestrongwinds.
10.When didTNSFP startA.In the1970s.B.In the1980s.C.In the1960s.D.In the1990s.
11.If thevisibility inyour cityis700meters,what colorwill thewarning beA.Red.B.Orange.C.Yellow.D.BlueThe Yellow River isthe cradleof Chinascivilization.And floodcontrol andprevention havealwaysbeenkeytothewellbeing of the peopleliving alongit.Now,scientists canbetter workon theseissuesbygivingthe rivera digitaltwin.The digitaltwin of the YellowRiver usesvarious technologies,including bigdata,artificial（设备）intelligence,andtheinternet ofthings.Devices setup alongtherivercollect andtransmitinformation tothe center.Based onthe information,a3D modelof theriver ispresented ontheputer screen.Ifs likethe YellowRiver hasa twinthat reflectsits realconditions.（治理）One bigbreakthrough inthe rivers digital governanceis“smart stones”.According toWangQin,a leadresearcher atthe InformationCenter ofYellowRiverHenan Bureau,a smartstone isawaterproof stoneshapeddevice withchips,a battery,andasignal transmitter.They areburied in（堤坝）important dikelocations torecordand report themovement ofdike stones.Upon feelingmovementofthedike stones,the smartstone sendsan alarmtothecenter forquick response,Wang said.“In thepast,researchers hadto learnthe conditionsofthedike onthe spotby themselves,puttingtheir livesat risk,said ZhaoXiao fromthe bureau.Now the smart stonescan dothis forus,more safely,quickly,and accurately/9（无人机）And inthe sky,drones areflying.On theroutes designedby engineers,the dronesbee（巡逻员）expert patrollersoftheriver,looking atits dikesand floodprevention projects.According toShenLin fromthe YellowRiver Conservancymission,thanks tothe drones,researchers atthe mandcentercan getfirsthand photosand information.Researchers thenupdate the3D modelaccording tothechanges thedrones reported.The newlyupdated modelhelps ustest ourfloodwater releaseplans in case（未雨绸缪），we everneed tobatten downthe hatchessaid Shen.Under thewaterandupinthe sky,intelligence systemsare helpingtoprotectthe YellowRiverBasin onall fronts.According tothe Ministryof WaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpect tosee theconstructionof aneven moreprehensivs digitalsystem forthis importantriver.
12.What isthe mainpurposeof creatinga digitaltwin oftheYellow RiverA.To conducthistorical research.B・To createa virtualtourist attraction.C.To raisepublic awarenessof riverprotection.D.To improvefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.
13.How dothesmartstones contributetothe riversdigital governanceA.They recordwaterquality.B・They improvetheriversbeauty.C.They monitorandreportdike movements.D.They serveas markersfor importantlocations.
14.What isoneofthe functionsof dronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiverA.Entertaining tourists.B.Collecting informationon dikeconditions.C.Patrolling andtake wildlifephotos.D.Testing waterquality.
15.What doesthe underlinedword prehensive“inthelastparagraphprobably meanA.plete.B.Basic.C.Beautiful.D.Natural.Maggie,a girlof thirteenyears old,lived onthe westcoast ofthe UnitedStates.She hadneverexperienced an earthquake before;she onlypreparedforit.As longas shecould remember,preparing foranearthquakewasmonatherschool.Her familyhad madeplansaswellincaseofanaturaldisaster.One day,Maggie arrivedhome fromschool atthe usualtime.However,it wasnot thesame asusual.She washome alone.Her momwouldbedriving homeonthebusy freewayand herdad wasto arriveatthe airport.He wasing homefromatwoweek businesstrip.After finishingher homework,Maggie felta littlehungry,so shewent tothe kitchento findsomethingto eat:Just thenshe felta shake,then theviolent shaking.Maggie quicklyran underthe largetableinthedining room.The soundsof breakingglass andthe crashingof manythings weredeafening,and Maggiehuggedherselfinfear.After whatseemed likea verylong time,the earthquakeappeared tobe over.Maggie couldhear thesoundofwaterrushingbelowherinthebasement.And therewas thesmell ofnatural gasintheair.（阀门）Maggieknewwherethe mainwater valve wasandhow toturnitoff.Dad hadever shownherbefore.Slowly andcarefully shecame outfrom underthe table.The oncetidy homewas thenalmostunrecognizable.Walls hadfallen downand manythings inthe roomwere ina mess.As Maggieapproachedthe openbasement door,shecouldsee thesteps.Carefully shemade herway downinto thedarkbasement.While placingher feetfirmly onthe floor,Maggie felta suddenpain asa largewood hither headandshoulder.She fellunconscious ontoa pileof boxes.An hourlater,she wokeup andfound herparentsbeside her.She washappy thatshe wasstill alive!
16.What canwe inferfromthefirst paragraphA.Earthquake arethemainnaturaldisastersintheUS.B.Maggies parentstaught herhowtosurvive inanearthquake.C.Earthquakes occuroften inthe westoftheUS.D.Magpie hassome selfhelpknowledge inearthquakes.
17.What doesthe underlinedword deafening“in Paragraph3meanA.Very loud.B.Quite familiarC.Very distantD.Quite strange.
18.What canwe knowabout MaggieA.She wasthe onlychild inher familyB.She wasnot afraidat allduring theearthquake.C.She washurt onthe wayto turningoff thewatervalve.D.She hadexperiencedanearthquakebefore.
19.What doesthe passagemainly talkaboutA.A storyofagirl inanearthquake.B.The importanceof preparingforanearthquake.C.The waysto escapefrom anearthquake.D.The dangerof anearthquake.The mostpowerful earthquakeinthepast40years causeda tsunamithatcrashedinto coastlinesacrossAsia yesterday,killing morethan6,500people inIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and atleast fourother countries.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and carswere sweptaway byhuge wavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof
9.
0.The underseaquake struckaround7:00a.m.,Sunday offthe westcoast ofIndonesias SumatraIsland.In SriLanka,some1,600kilometres westofthequake centre,the numberof deathsstood at2,498,and onemillion morewere affectedbythetsunami,government officialssaid.Indian officialssaid asmanyas1,900had beenkilled alongthe southerncoast.Another254were founddead inThailand and54in threeother countries.In southernThailand,1,900people werehurt andmany morewere missing,local officialssaid.Foreign aidis beingorganised forthe tsunamihitcountries.However,dangerousconditions and damagedroads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
20.Where thetsunami killedmorethan6,500peopleA.Philippines,Indonesia,India,Malaysia.B.Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and atleast fourother countries.C.Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia.D.Indonesia,India,Thailand,and atleastfourothercountries.
21.What isthe magnitudeoftheearthquakeA.
8.0B.
8.9C.
7.0D.
9.
022.How manypeople diedinThailandasaresult ofthe disasterA.
254.B.
54.C.
1900.D.
2498.
23.Why wouldit bedifficult to deliver food and suppliesA.Damaged roadswill make it difficulttodeliver foodand supplies.B.Not enoughpeople willmakeit difficulttodeliverfoodandsupplie.C.Dangerous conditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.D.Foreign aidwillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.Earthquakes aremon naturaldisasters.No matterwhere youare,knowing howtoprotectyourselfand yourfamily duringanearthquakeis necessary.Some expertsbelieve thatwhen youfeel theground isshaking,drop down,take coverunder adeskand holdon.Most earthquakeinjuries aretheresultof beinghit bysomething fallingon you.Youshould stayindoors untilthe shakingstops.If youare outdoors,dont staynear buildings,trees orpowerlines.Many peoplethink thatincaseof anearthquake,they shouldget undersomething^^like adoorwayor desk,in orderto avoidbeing hurtby fallingobjects.Rescue expertsnow saythis isthe wrongthingto do.For example,inthe1985Mexico Cityearthquake,they foundhundredsofchildren in（通道,走道）schools,crushed bytheir desks.However,they couldhave survivedby lyingintheaislenext totheir desks.So finda nicepiece offurniture,a chair,a sofa,and liedown,or curlup next toit.A fallingroof（压实）maypactthefurniture,but willstill leavea spacefor youtosurvivenext toit.This alsoholdstrue ifyouareinahotel room,especially atnight.Get offthe bed,and liedown next toit.In SanFranciscos1989earthquake,the upperfreeway fellonthelower one.People whodrovealong werecrushed intheir cars.But theyhad timetogetout andliedownnexttotheir cars.Yes,theircars werecrushed,but therewasspacefromtoptobottomnexttothevehiclesforpeopletosurviveandwait arescue.Doorways andstairways arevery unsafe.Stay awayfrom those.What canwe dotokeepourselves safeStaying calmisthefirst andmost importantrule whenfacingaccidents.
24.Which wordcan replacethe underlinedword“crushed“in Paragraph2A.hidden B.protected C.caught D.killed
25..How canwe probablyget anarrow escapefrom anearthquakeA.Lie downunder atable ordesk.B・Shout outloudly andask forhelp.C.Run outofthehouse andstay undera bigtree.D.Lie downnexttoa strongpiece offurniture ora car.
26.What shouldyou dofirst whenaccidents happenaccording tothis passageA.Keep calm.B.Drop down.C.Get underbuildings.D.Stay neartrees.
27.What isthe besttitle ofthetextA.Right EarthquakeSurvival TipsB.The NewIdea ofthe RescueExpertsC.Great DamagesCaused byEarthquakeD.A monNatural DisasterearthquakeEarthquakeforecastingisoneofthemostancientskillsknowntomankind.From ancientGreeceto thepresentday,countless scientistshavetriedto developtoolstopredictearthquakes.Their attemptsusuallyfocusedonsearchingforreliableevidencesofingquakes.However,therearemany reasonswhy predictingquakes isso hard.“We dontunderstand somebasicphysics ofearthquakes^said Egill,a researchprofessor atthe CaliforniaInstitute ofTechnology.Scientists havealso attemptedto createmathematical modelsof movement,but preciselypredictingwould requiregreat mappingand analysisoftheEarths crust.Other challengesinclude alackofdata ontheearly warningsigns,given thatthese warningsigns arenot yetentirely understood.Actually,realearthquake predictionis verysimilar tothe diagnosisof。
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