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选择性必修第一册（人教版）Unit5Working theLand2019人与社会农业耕作单元引言解读My lifelongpursuit isto keep all thepeople awayfrom hunger.一Yuan Longping释义Yuan Longpingsbiggest wishfor riceresearch isto stoppeople starvingaround the world.启示本单元引言“我毕生的梦想是让所有人远离饥饿”出自我国著名农业科学家袁隆平引言不仅与单元主题相呼应，还反映了粮食生产与世界人民的饥饿问题密切相关名言名句积累人与社会农业耕作
1.Food is as fundamentalto manas thepeople areto thestate.—Chen Shou国以民为本，民以食为天——陈寿
2.Food bringspeople togetheron manydifferent levels.Its nourishmentof thesoul andbody;its trulylove.一Giada DeLaurentiis食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起，它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱——吉娅达德劳伦蒂斯••
3.The moreyou eat,the lessflavor;the lessyou eat,the moreflavor.多吃少滋味，少吃多滋味
4.People cantlive withoutagriculture as they cantlive withoutwater.人们离不开农业，就像离不开水
5.We allknow withoutfood equals no lives.Therefore,agriculture isgreatly helpfulfor thelives.我们都知道没有食物就没有生命因此，农业对生活有很大的帮助
6.Not onlyis foodproduction importantbut takingcare of the environmentis alsoimportant.不仅粮食生产重要，环保也很重要
7.However,what concernedhim mostwas thatfarmers oftenhad poorharvests and sometimes evenhad aseriousshortage of food to eat.然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至口粮严重短缺
8.Today,it isestimated that about60percent ofdomestic riceconsumption in China isprised ofcropsgenerated fromYuan*s hybridstrains,and hisstrains haveallowed Chinas farmers toproduce around200milliontons ofrice peryear.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种（形成附加的；额外的；外加的此外；另外additional adj.additionally adv.创新，革新革新的，创新的innovate v.innovative adj.依赖，依靠；信任，信赖可信赖的，可靠的，真实可信的rely v.reliable adj.特定的，特有的；具体的，明确的特别地，专门地；具体来说，确切地说specific adj.specifically adv.生长；成长；逐渐变得；增长；种植发育，生长；增长，发展grow v.growth n.发出，射出，散发排放物，散发物；（光、热、气等的）发出，射出增加emit v.emission n.add v.-addition n.增加，添加；添加物；加,加法传统,风俗—传统的包围，环绕，围绕tradition n.traditional adj.surround v.周围的，附近的可持续的可持续性surrounding adj.sustainable adj.sustainability n.（使）再循环，回收利用；再次应用回收利用recycle v.—recycling n.减少，缩小，减少（程度、重要性等）减少，缩小，降低强烈情感，激情；酷爱reduce v.reduction n.passion n.具有强烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的雇用，聘请；运用，使用受雇者，雇工，passionate adj.employ v.employee n.雇员全文翻译我们都知道食物新鲜是最好的然而，商店里的大多数产品在到达餐桌之前都要经过数周的旅行和数百英里的运输尽管农民市场是减少这种旅行的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了这个距离BMF是一种室内花园系统它可以为家庭设置止匕外，它还可以为更大的受众服务，如医院、餐馆或学校这种创新的设计几乎不需要什么努力就能实现可靠的每周新鲜绿叶蔬菜供应具体来说，它是一个依赖新技术的农场通过云连接，BMF可以远程监控此外，还有一个方便的应用程序，提供实时生长数据由于系统是自动化的，它显著减少了种植植物所需的水量系统不是灌溉整排土壤，而是为每株植物提供恰到好处的水量收获后，用户只需用新的预播种容器替换植物，就可以开始下一个生长周期此外，在食用植物的同一建筑内拥有系统意味着从土壤到沙拉的运输过程中零排放此外，也不需要使用农药和其他污染传统农场及其周围环境的化学物质BMF的员工在日常生活中实践可持续性大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班在办公室内，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量和避免使用一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少废物”我们热衷于减少我们环境中的废物、碳和化学物质，”一位BMF员工说
（二）（•全国•校联考——模）2024Every year,as thesurface watertemperature offthe UnitedStates midAtlanticcoastrises steadilyfrom latespring through the summer,a pocketof uncharacteristicallycool andcrisp watergets trappedat the bottomof theocean.Packed withnutrients thisthick band of coldwater,known asthe midAtlantic cold pool,is avitalhome for shellfish species.Extending atits seasonalpeak from Nantucket,Massachusetts,to CapeHatteras,North Carolina,（海藻）一the coldpoll createsa diverseecosystem rangingfrom algaeto fishandsomeof themost valuableshellfishfisheries in the UnitedStates.Now,however,two pressureshave scientistsworrying aboutwhether the cold poolwill last.The firstis nosurprise:climate change.Over the past fivedecades,climates changehas destabilizedthe cold pool,causing itto warm and shrink,pared with1968,the cold pool is now13℃warmer andhas lostmore thanonethird of its area.（安装）The secondconcern isless certain.In2023,the USfederal governmentapproved plansto install98wind（涡轮机）turbines offthe NewJersey coast,covering anarea ofmore than300square kilometers.Yet puttingso manyturbines to theseafloor couldhave unexpectedconsequences for the coldpool.Thats whyTravis Miles,a researcheratNew JerseysRutgers University,and his colleagues areinvestigating.So far,Miles and hiscolleaguescant definitivelysaywhat willhappen to the coldpool,saying moreresearch is needed to assess howclimate changeand offshore wind,together,could affectthe coldpool.However,their initialanalyses suggestthe coldpool shouldbe fine—at leastin normalconditions.New Jerseysoffshorewindplans arestrongly opposedmainly byfossil fuelindustryfunded efforts.Miles worriesthat an overabundance of caution or fear of potential impacts,including on the coldpool,might slowdown thedevelopmentof renewable energy,...its quiteclear that climate change is farmore damagingthan installing wind fhrmsJ he says.Idont thinkany scientistwould arguewith that.”
5.What dowe knowabout the midAtlanticcoldpoolA.It formsin earlyspring.B.Its abandof cold nearbottomwater.C.It servesas ahabitat ofmost seaspecies.D.It extendsfromNantucketto NewJersey.
6.What does the underlinedword shrink“in paragraph2meanA.Break down.B.Get polluted.C.Dry up.D.Bee smaller.
7.Miles attitudetoward installingwind farmscan bedescribed as.A.supportive B.dismissive C.overcautious D.skeptical
8.What is the best title forthe textA.The Cold Pool Playsa Roleon speciesB.Opinions Divideon OffshoreWind FarmsC.Scientists EyePotential Risksto theCold PoolD.Renewable EnergyHelps toRace AgainstClimate Change【答案】
5.B
6.D
7.A
8.C【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要讲述科学家们关心可能对冷池造成影响的两个因素细节理解题由文章第一段
5.Every year,asthesurface watertemperature offthe UnitedStates midAtlanticcoast risessteadilyfrom latespring through the summer,a pocketof uncharacteristicallycool andcrisp watergets trappedat thebottomof theocean.Packed withnutrients thisthick bandofcoldwater,known asthemidAtlanticcoldpool,is avital home」每年，随着美国大西洋中部海岸的地表水温度从春末到夏季稳步上升，一团异常凉爽、清forshellfishspecies脆的水被困在海底这条被称为大西洋中部冷池的厚冷水带富含营养，是贝类物种的重要家园厂可知，大西洋中部冷池指的是是一条接近海底的冷水带故选项B.词句猜测题由文章第二段6“Over thepast fivedecades,climates changehas destabilizedthe coldpool,causing itto（在过去warmand shrink,pared with1968,the coldpool isnow13℃warmer andhas lostmore thanonethird of its area.的五十年里，气候变化破坏了冷池的稳定，导致其变暖和与年相比，现在冷池温度上升了摄氏度，面196813积减少了三分之一以上户可知，冷池的面积减少了三分之一以上，所以这里应表示“缩小”的意思shrink故选项D推理判断题由文章第四段
7.“Miles worriesthatanoverabundanceofcautionorfearofpotentialimpacts,including on（担心、，过于谨慎或担心潜在影响，the coldpool,might slowdown thedevelopment ofrenewableenergy.Miles包括对冷池的影响，可能会减缓可再生能源的发展厂和“its quiteclear thatclimate changeis farmore damagingthan（很明显，气候变化的破坏性远大于安装风电场）”可知，是赞成安装风电场的故installingwindfarms Miles选项A主旨大意题由文章第二段
8.“Now,however,two pressureshave scientistsworrying aboutwhether the coldpoolwilllast.The firstisnosurprise:climate change.Over thepast fivedecades,climates changehas destabilizedthecoldpool,causing itto warmandshrink,pared with1968,thecoldpool isnow13℃warmer andhas lostmore thanonethird ofits area.（然而，现在，两种压力让科学家们担心冷池是否会持续下去第一点并不奇怪气候变化在过去的五十年里，气候变化破坏了冷池的稳定，导致其变暖和萎缩与年相比，现在冷池温度上升了摄氏度，面积196813减少了三分之一以上户以及下文可知，文章主要讲述科学家们关心可能对冷池造成影响的两个因素所以C项（科学家关注冷池的潜在风险）符合语境故选项Scientists EyePotential Risksto theColdPoolC
（三）（•广东广州•广州市协和中学校考一模）2023What mightbe theglobal impactof extremelosses of the Amazonrainforest-the worldslargest rainforestA newstudy hasfound thatrapid deforestationof the Amazon rainforestcouldinfluence thetemperature andrainfall overas faraway asthe Tibetan plateau andAntarctica.Saini Yangat BeijingNormal Universityin Chinaand hercolleagues analysedglobal climatological data from1979to2019to identifycorrelations intemperature andrainfall betweenthe Amazon rainforest and other areas.Such linksare（遥相关）called“teleconnectionsThey focusedon the Amazon rainforestin particularbecause ofits significanceas amajor carbonsink andas a（临界点）“climatic“tipping pointthat couldsee foreststurn totropical grasslandsbeyond acertain limitof warmingandhumandriven deforestation.The researchersfound thatsince1979,warm temperaturesin the Amazon wasassociated withwarm temperaturesoverthe Tibetanplateau andthe West Antarctic ice sheet;more rainfallin the Amazon wasrelevant toless rainfallin thoseregions.By analysingchanging temperaturesin theregions betweenthe Amazonand thosedistant areas,they were also ableto trace the path through which energy or materials such as black carbon released in forest firemight propagatethrough theatmosphere.Their analysisshowed theroute remainedconsistent underdifferent futurewarming circumstances.The collapseof theWestAntarcticicesheetis aknown tipping point.Melting snowonthe Tibetanplateauis not,butthe regionis warmingmore rapidlythan muchof therest of the globe,and changesto snowand icethere couldhaveconsequences forecosystems andthe billionsof peoplethat relyon itssnowmelt forwater.“If the Amazon doeshave aninfluence onthese regions,it couldmean there is a higher risk theAmazon tippingpoint mightset othersoff,says Jothanat thePotsdam Institutefor ClimateImpact Researchin Germany.“It addsanadditional potential domino that can fhH.”
9.How didthe studyidentify teleconnectionsA.By recordingtemperature andrainfall.B.By findingthe similaritiesbetween regions.C.By examiningprevious dataon globalclimate.D.By analysingclimatologicaldataof theAmazon.
10.The underlinedword“propagate inparagraph5probably means“A.spread B.absorb C.launch D.switch
11.What Jothansuggests about the AmazonA.It isnow atahigherrisk ofdisappearing.B,It indeedhas aneffect onthe tworegions.C.Deforestation iscaused byhuman activities.D.The tippingpoint mightcause achain reaction.
12.Which canbe thebest titleof the passageA.Changes within theAmazon.B.The Amazonatatippingpoint.C,The Tibetanplateau andAntarctica.D.Global impactsof theAmazon deforestation.【答案】
9.C
10.A
11.D
12.D【导语】本文是说明文文章讲述了一项新的研究发现，亚马逊雨林的快速砍伐可能会影响远至青藏高原和南极洲的温度和降雨推理判断题根据第二段
9.“Saini Yangat BeijingNormal UniversityinChinaand hercolleagues analysedglobalclimatological datafrom1979to2019to identifycorrelations intemperature andrainfall betweentheAmazonrainforest（遥相关）（中国北京师范大学的和她的同事分析andotherareas.Such linksare calledeleconnections SainiYang了年至年的全球气候数据，以确定亚马逊雨林与其他地区之间的温度和降雨量之间的相关性这种19792019连接被称为‘远距连接）”可知，该研究是通过检查先前的全球气候数据来确定远程联系的,故选C词义猜测题根据第五段
10.“By analysingchanging temperaturesin theregions betweentheAmazonand thosedistantareas,they werealso abletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuch asblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiremight propagatethrough theatmosphere.Their analysisshowed theroute remainedconsistent underdifferent future（通过分析亚马逊地区和那些遥远地区之间的温度变化，他们还能够追踪森林火灾释放的warming circumstances.能量或物质（如黑碳）在大气中的途径他们的分析表明，在未来不同的变暖环境下，这条路线保持propagate一致）”可知，森林火灾会释放能量或物质，在大气中传播划线词是“扩散”的意思，故选spread A细节理解题根据最后——段
11.If theAmazon doeshave aninfluence onthese regions,it couldmean there is ahigherrisktheAmazontippingpoint mightset othersoff,says Jothanat thePotsdam Institutefor ClimateImpact ResearchinGermany.It addsan additionalpotentialdominothat canfall.5（德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的约翰说:“如果亚马逊确实对这些地区有影响，这可能意味着亚马逊临界点引发其他地区爆发的风险更高这又增加了一块可能倒下的多米诺骨牌可知，约翰认为亚马逊的临界点可能会引起连锁反应，故选D主旨大意题根据第一段一
12.What mightbe theglobal impactof extremelosses of theAmazonrainforest the worldslargest rainforestA newstudy hasfound thatrapid deforestationof theAmazonrainforestcould influencethe temperatureandrainfall overasfaraway astheTibetanplateau andAntarctica.（世界上最大的热带雨林------------------------------亚马逊雨林的极端损失可能会对全球产生什么影响一项新的研究发现，亚马逊雨林的快速砍伐可能会影响远至青藏高原和南极洲的温度和降雨）”以及下文的分析解释可知，本文主要讲述了亚马逊森林砍伐对全球的影响选项符合最佳标题，故选D D
（四）（高二上•浙江•单元测试）2324“Eat local.Its oneway to reduce humaneffect onthe planet.Eating localmeansto tryto buyand consumefoods thatare grownin placesclose tohome.However,most of the foodsold atsupermarkets is not locally grown or produced.Trucks and planes deliver these foods from hundreds or thousands of miles（温室）away.During thetransportation,greenhouse gasesare produced,causing globalwarming.So theshorter thedistance your foods must travel,the less harm is done to the environment.But howdo youget localfood ifyou livein alarge city,hundreds of miles awayfrom farms Environmental health（垂直的）scientist Dickson Despommier andhis students came up with the idea of a verticalfhnrT.（摩天大楼）.A vertical farm is a glasswalledstructure thatcould bebuilt astall asa skyscraperSince thegardenis builtupwards,rather thanoutwards,it requiresmuch lessspace thanan ordinaryfarm.The worldis quicklyrunning outofroom forordinary farming.Vertical farmscould bea keyto thissituation.Despommier imaginesa30storey buildingwith agreenhouse oneveryfloor.The wallsof thebuilding wouldbe clearto allowcrops to get asmuch sunlightas possible.Depending ona citys（水培的）water resources,Despommier thinkshydroponic farming is anothermethod forthe vertical farm whichneeds nosoil to grow plants.Despommier saysthe hydroponicgreenhouses would use asystem thatwouldusea city*s wastewater andfill itwithnutrition to make thecrops grow.If thismethod works,it wouldprovide foodtoacity andsave millionsof tonsof water.The ideaof a verticalfarmhas attractedthe attentionof governmentofficials aroundthe world.Scott Stringer,agovernment officialfrom NewYork City,thinks the city issuitable forthe vertical farming.Obviously wedont havemuchland leftfor usJ Stringersaid.But the sky isthe limit in Manhattan.”Despommier admitsthat there is stilla lot of workto doto makevertical farmsa reality.But Ithink verticalfarmingis an idea thatcan work in a big way,“he says.
13.Why arepeople advisedtoeatlocalA.Because itmeans convenienceto people.B.Because itcan helppeople savea lot of money.C.Because localfood hasmore nutrition.D.Because itis environmentallyfriendly.
14.Which isone of the vertical farms benefitswhen paredwith ordinaryfarmingA.It produceshealthier food.B.It doeslessharmto thecities.C.It needsmore spaceof thecity.D.It requiresless transportcosts.
15.By saying“theskyisthelimitin Manhattan”,Stringer means.A.people canmake fulluse ofvertical spaceof ManhattanB,there isa limitfor usingempty landin ManhattanC.the heightof buildingsinManhattanis limitedD.Manhattan canspread asfar aspossible
16.What canwe learnaboutthe verticalfarmingin thepassageA.No soilisneeded to grow plants ona verticalfarm.B.It hassolved theproblem ofthe foodshortage in a bigway.C.The wallsofthebuilding wouldbe clearto letpeople seethe plantsclearly.D.Crops aremainly grownin therainwater onaverticalfarm.【答案】
13.D
14.B
15.A
16.A【导语】这是一篇说明文这篇文章介绍了人们吃当地的食物，因为对环境有好处细节理解题根据第一段
13.So theshorter thedistance yourfoods musttravel,the lessthe harm isdone tothe所以食物运输的距离越短，对环境造成的危害就越小）”可知人们被建议吃当地食物的原因是因为environment4对环境有好处，故选D细节理解题根据第一段
14.However,most ofthe foodsold atsupermarketsis notlocallygrownorproduced.Trucks（温室）andplanesdeliverthesefoodsfromhundredsorthousandsofmiles away.During thetransportation,greenhousegases areproduced,causing globalwarming.So theshorter thedistanceyourfoodsmusttravel,（然而，超市里出售的大多数食物都不是当地种植或生产的卡车和飞机the lessharmisdonetothe environment.从数百或数千英里外运送这些食物在运输过程中，会产生温室气体，导致全球变暖所以食物运输的距离越短，对环境的危害就越小）”以及第二段“But howdo youget localfood ifyou liveinalarge city,hundreds ofmilesaway fromfarmsEnvironmentalhealth scientistDicksonDespommierandhisstudentscameupwiththeideaof a（垂直的）（但如果你住在远离农场数百英里的大城市，你怎么吃到当地的食物呢？环境健康科“verticalfarm”学家迪克森・德斯波米尔和他的学生提出了“垂直农场，，的想法广可知，与普通农业相比，垂直农场的好处之一是对城市的危害较小故选B细节理解题根据最后一段
15.Despommier admitsthat thereis stilla lot of workto doto makeverticalfarmsa reality.（承认，要使垂直农场成为But Ithink verticalfarmingisanideathatcanworkina bigway,“hesays.Despommier现实，还有很多工作要做他说“但我认为垂直农业是一个可以大行其道的想法可知的意思是人们Stringer应该充分利用曼哈顿的垂直空间，故选A细节理解题根据第五段（水培的）
16.“Depending ona cityswater resources,Despommier thinkshydroponic farming（认为，根据城市的水资源，is anothermethod forthe verticalfarm whichneeds nosoil togrow plants.Despommier水培农业是垂直农场的另一种方法，不需要土壤来种植植物）”可知有些农田不需要土壤来生长植物，故选A
（五）（高二上•全国•课后作业）2425In astreet largelyunchanged sinceit was built in the1800s,Hobarts BatteryPointis probablythe lastplace youwould expectto finda farm.（垂直农In onecorner ofPeter Handysbackyard isa controlledenvironment unitthat housestheverticalfarm场），（半球）.the firstofitskind in the southernhemisphere Mr.Handy ischanging thedefinition ofwhat itmeans tobea farmer.I knowits reallyfunny,because whenpeople sayto me,Wheres yourfarm\Fil say,Its inBattery Point/（火星人）and theyrelike,No,there*snofarm inBattery Point.,he said.People thinkthe Martianshave landedbecauseweve gotthis massivepink lightthat esout ofit fromthe bottom,but otherthan that,they haveno idea.”Not justa backyardproject,Mr.Handy isrunning abusiness.Its herebecause Ineed tobe asclose aspossible tomycustomers,the chefsand restaurantsof HobartJ he said.I aimto usethe fewestfood milesand makethis asuperefficientbusiness.Using LEDlights andhydroponic nutrients,the farmgrows leafygreens,root vegetablesand floweringplants.Idont haveto worryabout floods,winds,wild animals,electric fences,turning thesoil over,Mr.Handy said.Using95percent lesswater thantraditional farming,the farmticks allthe boxesenvironmentally.I mean,this isdefinitely nottheanswer tofood sustainability（可持续f生）inthe world.But ifsdefinitely partofit/9Science writerJulian Cribbbelieves aworld foodcrisis ising,due toa binationof loss of water,loss oftopsoil,climate changeand overuseof chemicals.Were going to needto change the waywe producefood andchangethehumandiet at the sametime,“hesaid,“and newurban farmingmethods wouldmake mostoftheworlds greatcities feedthemselves.时文拓展阅读的作物）让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米Two WinWorld FoodPrize forSecuring AgriculturalSeedsAbout20years ago,Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin wantedto preventhunger andprotect theworlds food supply.The twomen imagineda socalleddoomsday vaultfor plantseeds.A vaultisasecure storage structure.Fowler andHawtin*s goalwas tokeepasupply ofseeds safeif existingseed bankswere threatenedby war,climatechange,or othercrises.They decidedto buildtheir storagebuilding into the sideofamountain northoftheArctic Circle.nTo alotofpeople today,it soundslike aperfectly reasonablething todo,Fowler saidfrom Saudi Arabia inaninterview withthe Associated Press.Seeds,he added,are avaluable naturalresource thatneeds protection.But Fowlersaid:Fifteen yearsago,shipping alotofseeds tothe closestplace tothe NorthPole thatyou canfly intoandputting theminside amountain...did notsound reasonable.In hiswords,it was...the craziestidea anybodyeverhad.The World Food PrizeTheiridea becamethe SvalbardGlobal SeedVault onthe Norwegianisland ofSvalbard.The vaultopened in2008and nowholds
1.25million seedsamples fromnearly everycountry intheworld.The structurewasbuiltintotheside ofamountain.It protectsthe seedsof over6,000kinds ofagriculturally importantplants.The CropTrust websitesays:nItspurpose isto backupgenebank collectionsto securethe foundationof ourfuture foodsupply.nLast week,Fowler andHawtin werenamed the2024World FoodPrize winnersfor theirwork.Fowler isnow theU.S.special diplomatfor globalfood security.Hawtin isan agriculturalscientist fromBritain.They werenamed thewinners ofthe yearlyprize at the U.S.Department ofState inWashington.Secretary ofStateAntony Blinkenpraised themen atthe announcementfor theircritical rolein preservingcrop diversity/1Fear ofclimate changeFormany years,countries havecreated seedbanks tostore seedsfor futureuse.But Fowlersaid hewas concernedthatclimate changewould causedisorder inagriculture.This wouldmake theseed supplyeven moreimportant.Hawtin isan executiveboard memberattheGlobal CropDiversity Trust,an internationalnonprofit group.He saidtherewerealotofthreats tocrops inthepast,suchasinsects,disease,land degradation,and politicalunrest.He saidthatclimate changehas madethese problemsworse.So,he andFowler sawa need for additionalsecure seedstorage.Hawtin explainedthatclimate changeischanging pestsand diseases.He added,nClimate changeis puttinga wholelotof extraproblems onwhat hasalways beensignificant ones.Fowler andHawtin saidthey hopewinning theWorld FoodPrize willhelp themraise moremoney forseed banksaroundtheworld.Operating themisnottoo costly.However,the financialsupport needsto continueforever.This isreally achance toget thatmessage outand say,look,this relativelysmall amount of moneyis ourinsurancepolicy ourinsurance policythat weregoingtobe ableto feedtheworldin50years/Hawtin said.Norman Borlaugestablished theWorldFoodPrize.He receivedthe NobelPeace Prizein1970for hispart inwhat iscalledthe GreenRevolution/That wasabigeffort tomake cropsmore productiveso theworlds growingpopulationwould notgo hungry.This fall,FowlerandHawtin willaccept theprize inDes Moines,Towa,thecitywhere thefood prizefoundation isbased.They willalso splitthe$500,000award.This yearsprize will be presentedattheyearly NormanE.BorlaugInternational Dialogue.The conferencewillbeheld inDes Moinesfrom October29tothe
31.【译文欣赏】两人因保护农业种子而获得世界粮食奖大约年前，和希望防止饥饿，保护世界粮食供应这两个人想象了一个所20Cary FowlerGeoffreyHawtin谓的植物种子“末日金库”（保险库是一种安全的存储结构）和的目标是在现有种子库受到战争、气候变化或其他危机威胁的情况下，保证种子供应的Fowler Hawtin安全他们决定把储藏室建在北极圈以北的一座山上福勒在沙特阿拉伯接受美联社采访时说“对今天的很多人来说，这听起来是一件非常合理的事情他补充说，种子是一种需要保护的宝贵自然资源但福勒说“十五年前，把很多种子运到离北极最近的地方，你可以飞进去（并）把它们放在山上”听起来并不合理用他的话说，这是“……有史以来最疯狂的想法”世界粮食奖他们的想法变成了挪威斯瓦尔巴岛上的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库该种子库于年开放，目前拥有来自世界2008上几乎每个国家的万个种子样本这座建筑建在山腰上它保护着多种农业重要植物的种子作物信1256000托基金会网站上说“其目的是备份基因库藏品，以确保我们未来粮食供应的基础”上周，和因他们的工作被评为年世界粮食奖获得者现在是美国全球粮食安全Fowler Hawtin2024Fowler特别外交官霍廷是一位来自英国的农业科学家他们被华盛顿美国国务院授予年度奖项国务卿安东尼・布林肯在公告中赞扬了这些人“在保护作物多样性方面发挥的关键作用”对气候变化的恐惧多年来，各国建立了种子库来储存种子以备将来使用但福勒表示，他担心气候变化会导致农业混乱这将使种子供应变得更加重要是国际非营利组织全球作物多样性信托基金会的执行委员会成员他说，过去农作物面临着许多威Hawtin胁，如昆虫、疾病、土地退化和政治动荡他说，气候变化使这些问题更加严重因此，他和认为需要Fowler额外的安全种子储存解释说，气候变化正在改变病虫害他补充道“气候变化给那些一直很重要的问题带来了很多额Hawtin外的问题”和表示，他们希望获得世界粮食奖将有助于他们为世界各地的种子库筹集更多资金操作它Fowler Hawtin们的成本不太高然而，财政支持需要永远持续下去说“这真的是一个机会，可以传达这一信息，说，看，这笔相对较少的钱是我们的保险单——我Hawtin们的保险政策，我们将能够在年内养活世界50诺曼・博洛格设立了世界粮食奖1970年，他因参与所谓的“绿色革命”而获得诺贝尔和平奖这是一项使作物更具生产力的巨大努力，这样世界上不断增长的人口就不会挨饿今年秋天，和将在食品奖基金会所在的爱荷华州得梅因市接受该奖项他们还将平分万美Fowler Hawtin50元的奖金今年的奖项将在一年一度的诺曼博洛格国际对话上颁发会议将于月日至日在得梅因举E102931行【词汇积累】doomsday-n.the endoftheworld orjudgement day最后的审判日；世界末日sample-n.a smallamount ofsomething takenfor scientificstudy样本critical-adj.very important关键的diversity-n.having manydifferent kindsof things多样性degradation-n.the conditionof breakingdown anddecreasing inquality退化值得注意的或值得讨论的signiflcant-adj.notable orworth discussinginsurancepolicy-n.a contractwith aninsurance panythat promisesto paythe holderor peoplenamed by the holderacertain amountif thereisalossofthe coveredproperty bythe contract保险单【知识拓展】世界粮食奖，国际上在农业领域方面的最高荣誉，是由诺贝尔和平奖获得者美国人诺曼・博洛格博士1986年设立，每年由总部在美国艾奥瓦州得梅因市的世界粮食奖基金会颁发一次，目的是奖励那些”为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食作出突出贡献的个人”，得奖者可获得美元250,000中国科学家何康、袁隆平、崔振岭先后获此殊荣【词汇延伸】食品供应食物供应食品供给菜篮子foodsupply存储结构储存结构数据存储结构storagestructure气候变化climatechange北极圈Arctic Circle沙特阿拉伯SaudiArabia综合实战演练美联社联合通讯社AssociatedPress-2024•全国•高考真题We allknow freshis bestwhen itestofood.However,most produceatthestore wentthroughweeks oftravel andcovered hundredsofmilesbefore reachingthe table.While farmer^markets area solidchoice（）toreduce the journey,Babylon MicroFarmBMF shortens it even more.BMF isan indoorgarden system.It canbe setup fora family.Additionally,it couldserve alarger audiencesuch asahospital,restaurant orschool.The innovativedesign requireslittle effortto achievea reliableweekly supplyof freshgreens.Specifically,its afarm thatrelies onnew technology.By connectingthroughtheCloud,BMF isremotelymonitored.Also,thereisa convenient app thatprovides growing data in real time.Because the system isautomated,itsignificantly reduces the amountof water neededtogrowplants.Rather thanwatering rowsof soil,the systemprovides just（容器）the rightamount toeach plant.After harvest,users simplyreplace theplants witha newpreseeded podtogetthenext growthcycle started.（排放）Moreover,having asystem inthe samebuilding whereits eatenmeans zeroemissions fromtransportingplants fromsoil tosalad.In addition,theres noneedforpesticides andother chemicalsthat pollutetraditional farmsand thesurroundingenvironment.BMF employeeslive outsustainability intheir everydaylives.About halfof themwalk orbike to work.Inside theoffice,they encouragerecycling andwaste reductionby limitinggarbage cansand avoidingsingleuse plastic.We arepassionate about reducing waste,carbon andchemicals inour environment,“said a BMF employee.
1.What canbe learnedabout BMFfrom paragraph1A.It guaranteesthe varietyoffood.B.It requiresdaytoday care.C.It cutsthe farmtotabledistance.D.It relieson farmersmarkets.
2.What informationdoestheconvenientappofferA.Realtime weatherchanges.B.Current conditionoftheplants.C.Chemical pollutantsinthesoil.D.Availability ofpreseeded pods.
3.What canbe concludedabout BMF employeesA.They havea greatpassion forsports.B.They aredevoted tomunity service.C.They arefond ofsharing dailyexperiences.D.They havea strongenvironmental awareness.
4.What doesthe textmainly talkaboutA.BMFs majorstrengths.B.BMFs generalmanagement.C.BMFs globalinfluence.D.BMFs technicalstandards.【答案】
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、BMF通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等细节理解题根据第一段（）
1.“While farmersmarkets area solidchoice toreduce thejourney,Babylon MicroFarmBMF（虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（）甚至缩短了旅程户可shortensit evenmore.BMF知，巴比伦微型农场（）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离故选BMF C细节理解题根据第三段（此夕卜，还有一
2.“Also,thereisa convenientapp thatprovides growingdata inreal time.个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据户可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据故选B推理判断题根据最后一段
3.BMF employeeslive outsustainability intheir everydaylives.About halfof themwalk orbike towork.Inside theoffice,they encouragerecycling andwaste reductionby limitinggarbage cansand avoidingsingleuse plastic.tuWe arepassionate aboutreducing waste,carbon andchemicals inour environmentJ said aBMF（员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班在办公室里，他们通employee.BMF过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费的一名员工表示“我们热衷于减少环境中的废BMF物、碳和化学品可知，员工具有强烈的环保意识故选BMF D主旨大意题根据第一段
4.“While farmersmarkets area solidchoice toreducethejourney,Babylon MicroFarm（）.（虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（）甚至缩短了旅BMF shortensitevenmore BMF程）“、第三段By connectingthroughtheCloud,BMF isremotely monitored.Also,thereisa convenientapp thatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Because thesystem isautomated,it significantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededto（通过云连接，growplants.Rather thanwatering rowsof soil,thesystemprovides justthe rightamount toeach plant.对进行远程监控此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据由于该系统是自动化的，BMF因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量）以及最后一段“BMF employeeslive outsustainability intheir everydaylives.About halfof themwalk orbiketowork.Inside theoffice,they encouragerecycling andwaste reductionby limitinggarbage cansand avoidingsingleuseplastic.t€We arepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbon andchemicals inour environment/,saidaBMFemployee.（BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费的一名员工表示“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品可BMF知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、BMF自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等故选A命题要点简析阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括和总结能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力主旨大意题通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意，揭示主题，选择标题等形式主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度的概括和总结主旨大意题包括文章主旨题、段落大意题和标题归纳题每篇文章都有一个主旨大意主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出（需要总结）做这种题要通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中等表therefore,thus,but,however,in short,to sumup达转折或总结的词语题型特征总览主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大
（一）命题方式把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式
1.What wouldbe thebesttitleforthetext/What isthe topicofthetext
2.The mainidea/The generalidea/The maintheme ofthis passageis
3.The last paragraph endsthepassagewith anemphasis on.
4.What ismainly discussedinthetext
5.Whafs themain pointthe writeris tryingtomakeinthelastparagraph
6.Which ofthe followingstatements isbest supportedbythetext
7.The passagemainly focuseson.二解答技巧特题型解题技巧占
八、、考查文章或段找主题句四窍门落主题1段落中出现表示转折的词语如however,but,in fact,actually等时，该句很可能是主题句的类内⑵首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨主容旨⑶作考有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词大表示总结或结论的句子常包含等词4therefore,thus,in short,conclude,conclusion意要求考生文章标题三特点⑴形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；标题类⑵短小精悍，精确性强；⑶涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意最佳标题Moreover,having asystem inthe samebuilding whereits eatenmeans zeroemissions fromtransportingplants fromsoiltosalad.having asystem inthe samebuilding为动名词短语作主语，where ifseaten引导定语从句，修饰先行词building,.means为句子谓语翻译此外，在同一楼内的这一系统从种植到食用意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。
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