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译林八年级下语法被动语态讲义+练习Unit78动词语态主动语态主语是动作的执行者例（许多人说中文）Many peoplespeak Chinese.f主语是这一动作的执行者many peoplespeak被动语态主语是动作的承受者例（很多人都说中文）f主语是这Chinese is spoken bymany people.Chinese speak一动作的承受者被动语态的句型（（）肯定句主语过去分词…）1+be++by例（这张桌子是我父亲做的）The deskwas made by my father.（（）否定句主语过去分词…）2+be not++by例（这张桌子不是我父亲做的）The deskwas notmadebymyfather.（（）一般疑问句主语+过去分词…）3Be++by主语主语Yes,+be./No,+be not.例（这张桌子是你父亲做的吗？）Was thedesk madeby yourfather Yes,it was./No,it wasnt.（（）特殊疑问句特殊疑问词（+主语）+过去分词…）4+be+by例（这种毛衣是用什么做的？）What isthis kindof sweatermade of被动语态的基本用法
①不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者例（该机器发明于年）The machinewas inventedin
1876.1876
②强调动作的承受善例（她深受父母的影响）She isgreatly influencedby herparents.
③当动作赢行者是运赢一例.（有人怀疑他抢劫银行）He issuspected ofrobbing thebank
④出于礼貌不提出动作的执行者例工.（有人多次告诉我不要吵闹）
⑤have beentold manytimes not to makenoises有些动词习惯上常用被动语态例（他出生在这个城市）He wasborn in this city.（据报道，他是来自新西It isreported thathe isa professorfrom NewZealand.兰的一位教授）被动语态的各种时态形式一般现在时主语过去分词+其他L+am/is/arc+例（这些书是为孩子们设计的）These booksare designedfor children..一般过去时主语过去分词+其他2+was/were+例（这些车是上海生产的）The carswere madein Shanghai.一般将来时主语过去分词+其他
3.+will be/be goingto be+例（你的工作将保留到你回来）Your jobwill be kept openfor yourreturn.The food（这些食物马上就会被狗吃掉）is goingto beeaten by the dogsoon.现在进行时主语+过去分词+其他
4.am/is/am+being+例（因为我的车正Because mycar is being repaired,I have to goto workby taxi.在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班）过去进行时主语+过去分词+其他
5.was/were+being+例（这个个大厅去年正在The hallwas beingbuilt last year.Tm notsure ifit ispleted.修建，我不清楚建好了没有）现在完成时主语过去分词+其他
6.+have/has been+例（他已经被派往上海工作了）He has been sentto workin Shanghai.过去完成时主语+过去分词+其他
7.had been+例工（我至那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好A newhotel had been builtwhen qotthere.U）To.情态动词主语+情态动词过去分词+其他8+be+例她的体温应该一天量两次Her temperatureshould be taken twicea day.主动语态变为被动语态（）含有单个宾语的主动句（主+谓+宾）1
①主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变主格（
②谓语变为被动结构过去分词）bc+
③主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语，主格变宾格,并由引导，有时可省略by★口诀宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动例The famous professor gavetwo lecturesin English.（）—Two lectureswere givenby thefamousprofessorin English.那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告（）含有双宾的主动句（主+谓+间宾+直宾）2
①将间接宾语化为主语，则保留直接宾语例He giveme a book.f工.（将间宾改为主语）was givena bookby himme
②将直接宾语化为主语，则保留间接宾语且在被保留的间接宾语前加介词或t for★注意加的动词等to give,bring,pass,lend,write,show加的动词等for buy,choose,get例He giveme abook.（将直宾改为主语）f Abook wasgive tome by him.abook（）含有复合宾语的主动句（主+谓+宾+宾补）3把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动（成为主语补足语，简称主补）例They paintedthe roomwhite.他们把房间刷成了白色f The room waspainted white.（）含有动词短语作谓语的主动句4【易错提示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉彳列They take good care of thesechildren.（不可省略）f Thesechildren are taken good care of.of他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好（（（）感官动词等）、使役动词等）5look,see,hear,watch,feel,notice let,make,have后接动词原形作宾补，在主动句中不带，变为被动语态时需要加tt例We oftenhear thegirl singin herroom.f Thegirl isoften heardto singin theroom.经常听到女孩在房间里唱歌被动语态的注意事项主动形式表被动意义的情况
1.
①等系动词用主动表示被动意义例look,smell,taste,feel,sound,prove Thecake smells（蛋糕闻起来很香）delicious.
②等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为lock,wash,open,move,read,write,cut,sell,drive物时，可用主动表示被动意义例（这种布料好洗）The clothwashes well.（这书销售的快）The booksells quickly.
③“值得…”be worth+doing例（这部电影值得看）This filmis worthseeing.需要want/need/require+doing“…”=want/need/require+to bedone例（我的手表需要修理）My watchneeds repairinq/to be repaired.（我的衣服需要洗了）My clotheswant washinq/to bewashed..不能用被动语态的情况2
①宾语是反身代词或相互代词时例（琳达可以自己穿衣服）Linda candress herself.
②宾语是不定式或动名词时例（吉姆希望能再见到你）Jim hopedto meetyou again.
③当谓语为某些表示状态的及物动词，如（有）（拥有）,（容纳）（持have,own hold,last续）等时，不能用被动语态例（我们的假期为期天）Our holidaylasts10days.10被动语态和系表结构的区别
3.
①被动语态表动作，系表结构表状态或情况例.（被动）Trees areplanted inour cityevery year（系表）The storeis opened24hours aday.
②被动语态可用进行时态，系表结构常用一般现在时、现在完成时等例（被动）The planis beingcarried out（系表）This kindof arthave beenlost
③被动语态一般由说明动作的执行者，而系表结构常与其它介词短语搭配使用by例（被动）We wereattracted byhis lecturc.（系表）We areinterested inhis lecture.
④被动语态常用等词修饰，而系表结构常由等词修饰greatly very,quite,rather,too,so例.（被动）We weregreatly movedbyhim（系表）I*m quitesatisfied withyour work.巩固提高练习
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Some childrentake goodcare ofby thenurse.
2.Some newhouses buildbythevillagers themselvessince
1990.
3.What languagespeak inAustralia
4.The colorTV buyin thatshop threedays ago.
5.The doctorsaid Jimmust operateon atonce.
6.—the bridgerepair yet—Yes,the workersalready repairit.
7.We arein GradeOne this year,so weteach physicsnext year.
8.Where beyou last night一Iask tohelp Tomat home.一
9.The bigtree blowdown in the stormlastnight.
10.The GreatWall knowall overthe world.
11.the filmshow manytimes sincelast Sunday.
12.the streetlights usuallyturn onat sevenin summereve ning
13.Some topstudents send to studyin foreigncountries oncea year.
14.More andmore schoolsbuild herelater.
15.Where arethe apples一I thinkthey eatby thoseboys.一
16.Many newthings inventin thelast ten years.
17.All theshoes sellout last week.
18.How longthe bookcan keep
19.Tom hidehis shoesbehind thetree.So theynot findea sily.
20.The babieshere takegoodcareof everyday.
21.His newnovel finishnext week.
22.He tellto returnhis booksto the library yesterday.
23.Another manmade satellitesend upinto spaceby themlastweek.
24.Many treesplant by people there lastyear.
25.Vegetables growon thefarm
26.The studentsoften tellto takecareof their desksand chairs.
27.That playput onagain sometimenext month.
28.The oldman isill.He mustsendto the hospital.
29.Vegetables,eggs andfruits sellinthisshop.
30.—What aknife makeofIt makeof metaland wood.一
31.A Pianoconcert giveherelastFriday.
32.the magazinecan takeout of the library
33.The roomclean byme everyday.
34.The starscan seein thedaytime.
35.Some flowerswater byLi Mingalready.
36.These kindsof machinesmake in Japan.
37.Apples growon thisfarm.
38.Russian learnas asecond languageby somestudents inChina.
39.Planes,cars andtrains usebypeoplefor travelling.
40.The cinemabuild in
1985.
二、单项选择
1.One ortwo manmadesatellites inour countryevery year.A.have beensent up B.will besent up C.is sentup D.aresent up
2.Our TVset yesterday.A.is repairedB.was repairedC.had been repaired D.would bere paired
3.A newbuilding inour schoolnext year.A.will bebuilt B.is built C.is beingbuilt D.has been built
4.Many bookson sciencesince Iwent tocollege.A.were boughtB.have beenbought C.will bebought D.are bought
5.A wonderfulEnglish talkby Mr.Liu tomorrow.A.has been given B.is givenC.is beinggiven D.will begive金字塔
6.How theGreat Pyramidmany yearsago withoutmodern machines.；；；；A.is builtB.would bebuiltC.have.beenbuiltD.was built
7.Food andclothes bywomen.A isoften talkabout B.are often talkedC.are oftentalked aboutD.oftentalkedabout
8.the workyet；；A.is finishedB.Will befinished；；C.Has beenfinished D.Would befinished
9.Such filmsby children.They arebad for them.A.must benot seenB.must not be seeB.must notseen D.must notbe seen
10.Trees inwinter butin spring.A.not can be plantedB.can benot plantedC.cant be planted D.can notbeplant
11.This kindof carsinJapantenyearsago.A.can onlybe madeB.could only madeC.be could onlymadeD.couldonlybe made
12.A friendlybasketball matchbetween teachersand studentstomorrow afternoon.Anybody iswele.A.was heldB.will beheld C.is heldD.must beheld
13.The beartothezoo tomorrowmorning.A.may besend B.may issent C.may besent D.is maysent
14.In thepast tenyears,a lotof newbuildings inour city.A.are putupB.have putupC.have beenput D.have beenput叩
15.So farthisyear,many newhouses inYunnan withthe helpofthegovern ment.A.build B.are builtC.will buildD.have beenbuilt
16.The puteris broken.it todayA.Will;repair B.Has,been repairedC.Will;berepairedD.Has;repaire d
17.It issaid thata newrobot byhim ina fewdays.A.designed B.has been designed C.will bedesigned D.will have beendesigned
18.The positionany more.A.need notto be corrected B.doesnt needto becorrectedC.doesnt needbecorrectedD.need notcorrect
19.She willstop showingoff ifno noticeof her.A.is takenB.takes C.will betaken D.has taken
20.Diamond inBrazil in
1971.A.is found B.has beenfound C.was foundD.had beenfound
21.Have youmoved intothe newflat—Not yet.Theroom.一A.has beenpainted B.is paintedC.paints D.is beingpainted
22.My picturesuntil nextFriday.A.wont developB.aren*t developedC.dont developD.won*tbedeveloped
23.Tim sincehe losthis jobthree weeksago.A.had beenunemployed B.was unemployedC.has beenunemployed D.has unemployed
24.A greatnumber ofcolleges anduniversities since
1949.A.has beenset upB.have beenset upC.have set up D.had beensetup
25.I11havetopush thecar tothe sideoftheroad becausewe here.if weleave itA.would befined B.will befined C.will beingfined finedD.will have been
26.two ticketsforthenew playat theGrand Theatreegoand seeit onSaturday.Shall wtogetherA.They have beengiven B.I have been givenC.I amgiven D.They havegiven tome
27.I thinkmuch attentionyour pronunciation.A.must bepaid toB.may bepaid toC.must payto oD.can bepaid t
28.I founda medicinebottle droppedon thefloor ofDavids room.A.was B.had C.hadbeenD.is
29.The reasonfor allthe changesbeing madeto usyet.A.has notexplained B.has notbeen explainedC.did notexplained D.were notexplained
30.I dontremember thechance totry thismethod.A.having beengivenB.to have been givenC.having givenD.to havegiven
31.The PeoplesRepublic ofChina onOctober1,
1949.A.foundB.was foundedC.is foundedD.was found
32.You shouldhave putthe milkintherefrigerator,now sour.A.I smellB.it issmelt C.it smellsD.it issmelling
33.Now thesemagazines inthelibraryfor along time.A.have keptB.are keepingC.have beenkeeping D.havebeenkept
34.Who wasthe bookA.write B.wrote C.written D.written by
35.His newbook nextmonth.A.will bepublished B.is publishingC.isbeingpublished D.hasbeenpublished参考答案
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.are taken
2.havebeenbuilt
3.isspoken
4.was bought
5.be operated
6.Has;beenrepaired;have;repaired
7.will betaught
8.were;was asked
9.was blown
10.is known
11.Has;been showed
12.Are;turned
13.are sent
14.will bebuilt
15.havebeeneaten
16.havebeeninvented
17.were sold
18.can;bekept
19.hid;aren*t found
20.aretaken
21.will befinished
22.was told
23.was sent
24.were planted
25.are grown
26.are;told
27.will beput
28.must besent
29.are sold
30.is;made;is made
31.was given
32.Can;betaken
33.is cleaned
34.canbeseen
35.havebeenwatered
36.are made
37.are grown
38.is learned
39.are used40,was built
二、单项选择15DBABD610DCCDC1115DBCDD1620CCBAC2125DDCBB2630BAABA3135BCDDA。
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