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第一课句子成分，简单句并列句复合句【知识点精讲】英文中常见的词性实词和虚词实词如下名称用途例词句法作用表示人或事物的名名词n.noun boy,book,table,man主、表、宾、补、定、同称代词代替名词、形容词I,you,it,we,their主、宾、表、补、定、同pron.pronoun或数词数词主、表、宾、定、同one,two,twenty,third,fifth表示数目或顺序num.numeral谓语动词谓work,study,实动词v.verb表示动作或状态非谓语动词主、表、宾、补、词interesting,injured定、状表、补、定形容词修饰名词，表示人、red,long,old,goodadj.adjective物的性质或特征修饰动词、形容词here,very,often,pretty,或其他副词，表示副词adv.adverb表、状frequently动作特征或性状特征3）复合句含有一个或一个以上从句的句子复合句包含名词性从句.（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句、状语从句e.g.The foreignvisitors tooka lotof pictureswhen theywere at the GreatWall.Ive puta crosson themap toshow wherethat famoushotel is.Lily tooka fewfriends to my birthdayparty,none ofwhom I was familiarwith.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1.主语+系动词+表语e.g.He is a student.
2.主语+不及物动词e.g.We work.
3.主语+及物动词+宾语e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.
4.主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）e.g.My fatherbought mea car.
5.主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）e.g.Tom madethe babylaugh.注其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成接双宾语的动词带双宾语的及物动词，如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前，必须在变换时加“to”或“fbr”这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话，读起来妙趣横生，效果很好“七给”一“带”to不少，“买”画“制作”for来了说明:
1.“七给（give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand）和“带”（bring）8个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上“to”即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.如:He lentsome moneyto me.类似动词的还有get,mail,offer,owe（｛#）,pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach,
2.“buy”（买）;“draw”（画）;“make”（制作）三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后边，加“for”构成“vt.+sth.+fbr+sb.如:Mother boughta newdress for me类似的动词还有:build,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order（IT Ml）,reach等
（三）并列句的分类
1.表示并列，递进或顺承关系,常用and,not only...but also...,neither...nor...when,while等9连接e.g.The teachersname isSmith,and thestudenfs nameis John.2,表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…等e.g.Hurry up,or youllmiss thetrain.
3.表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,whereas等e.g.He was a littleman withthick glasses,but he had astrange wayof makinghis classeslivelyand interesting.
4.表示因果关系，常用的连词有s,fore.g.August isthe timeof theyear forrive harvest,so everyday Iwork from dawn until dark.【典型例题及变式题】
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1.The studentsgot on the schoolbus.
2.He handedme thenewspaper.
1.1shall answeryour questionafter class.
4.What a beautiful Chinesepainting!
5.They wenthunting togetherearly in the morning.
6.His jobis totrain swimmers.
7.He tookmany photosof thepalaces inBeijing.
8.There is going tob〉an Americanfilm tonight.
9.He is to leave for Shanghaitomorrow.
10.His wishis tobee ascientist.
11.He managedto finishthe workin time.
12.Tom came to askm.efor advice.
13.He foundjtimportant tomaster English.
14.Do you have anythingelse tosay
15.To behonest;your pronunciationis notgood.
16.Would youplease tellme youraddress
17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.
18.It isour dutyto keepour classroomclean andtidy.
19.He noticeda manenter the room.
20.The applestasted sweet
二、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
1.We oftenstudy Chinesehistory onFriday afternoon.
2.The boywho offeredme hisseat iscalled Tom.
3.There isa chairin thisroom,isnt there
4.My brother and Igo to school athalf pastseven in the morningand eback homeat sevenin theevening.
5.He isin ClassOne and I amin ClassTwo.
6.He wasfond ofdrawing whenhe wasyet achild.
7.Neither hashe changedhis mind,nor willhe doso.
8.What he said at the meetingis veryimportant,isnt it
9.The farmeris showingthe boyhow toplant atree.
10.Both Tom and Jackenjoy countrymusic.【课堂综合训练】完形填空I wasstanding inmy shoestore.The dooropened and a youngman camein31himself ina wheelchair.I wasshocked to see that hehadno
32.“I needanewpair of33fbr myself,a pair of blackcowboy ones,“hesaid.Iwasso34that Iremained silentand didntmove.Tm notkidding,sir,35I dontactually needthem,he lookedat meand36,When Iwasa kid,my parentsbought menew shoesevery year.It wassuch a an37feeling that Ihave neverforgotten it.I tookout apairofshoes and38them to the youngman.He39theshoes againsthis noseand drewin deepbreath.40came tohis eyes.At thatmoment,ahomeless old man wasstanding outside41shoes,looking atus.The youngman42andsaid tome「Will youask thatold manto ein,please”I didso andthe poorman camein.“What isthe43of yourfeet”the youngman askedthe poorman.“A nineandahalf.”The youngman askedmeto take outthe bestshoes of the size.He44the oldman,“Sir,would youmind45them fbrme”After theshoes wereon hisfeet,the oldman saidtheyfit
46.Ill buythem,“the youngman said.The good47thatI have neverforgotten haseback again,and nowI havesomeone to48it withme.”49what the oldmanneeded
50.He didhis bestin anTheyoung manimperfectworld.]
31.A.pulling B.pushing C.lifting D.bending]
32.A.ears B.arms C.legs D.hands]
33.A.shoes B.gloves C.trousers D.glasses]
34.A.worried B.annoyed C.surprised D.disappointed]
35.A.when B.because C.unless D.though]
36.A.explained B.argued C.supposed D.quarreled]
37.A.peaceful B.familiar C.ordinary D.wonderful]
38.A.sent B.gave C.lent D.donated]
39.A.picked B.guided C.put D.dropped]
40.A.Ideas B.Tears C.Senses D.Words]
41.A.without B.on C.by D.upon]
42.A.pointed B.recovered C.watched D.noticed]
43.A.size B.use C.type D.weightI]
44.A.turned offB.turned toC.looked forD.lookedJ
45.A.taking outB.taking offC.putting upD.trying on]
46.A.painfully B.fortably C.fluently D.conveniently]
47.A.award B.dream C.feeling D.thoughtthrough]
48.A.agree B.pete C.share D.provide]
49.A.offered B.refused C.returned D.remembered]
50.A.last B.little C.least D.most阅读理解（请挑出文章的并列句）BDear Disney,Last weekend,the fourmembers ofmy familyspent anenjoyable holidayat theMagicKingdom-Disneyland.And oneevent madeour visitseem trulymagical.We gotto thefront of the lineat SpaceMountain,only tofind outthat ourlittledaughter Gloriacouldnt take her icecream on the ride..We wereso excitedthat weallforgot icecreamwas notallowed on the ride.Gloria brokeinto tearsand weall hadno ideawhat to do.Then Murphy,one of thestaff members,came over.She bent down andtold Gloriathat shewould holdthe icecreamforherand give itto herwhen shefinished theride.Gloria said,Promise”Then shegaveMurphy hericecream,and shepletely enjoyedtheride.Sure enough,as wewalked outthe exit,there wasGlorias newfriend withher^icecream.Now youandIboth knowwhat happened,because weknow that anicecream wontlast twentyminutes ona summerafternoon inFlorida.Murphy knewwhattime wewould getoff theride;she wenttothenearest shopand boughta brandnewicecreamthirty secondsbefore wewalked outthe exit.Gloria said,“Thank youjbutImsure shethought itwas thesame icecream.We knowthat someonetried hardto makeour visitspecial.Thanks somuch forgoingabove andbeyond!Yours,Carmen Rivera[]
54.The familysvisit tothe MagicKingdom was.A.helpful B.awful C.frightening D.amazing[J
55.Before theride,Gloria criedbecause.A.she couldntfind herparents in the lineB.she wastoo littletotake the rideC.she couldnttakehericecreamon the rideD.she hadto waitfor twentyminutes[]
56.The underlinedword someone“in the last paragraphrefers to.A.Murphy B.Disney C.Gloria D.Carmen[]
57.Carmen Riverawrote theletter to.A.order icecreamsB.promise tovisit againC.express herthanksD.give somesuggestionsUnitlTopic Talkprevious/pri viss/adj.以前的，先前的senior/si nis/adj.较高的，高级的secondary/sek9ndori/adj.中级的；次要的adj.充满压力的，紧张stressful/stresfal/的challenging/tf aslsndjI Wadj.富有挑战性的head teacher校长campus/kaempas/n.校园schedule/\edju1/n.日程表，计戈ll表expectation/,ekspek tel\on/n.预料，预期；期待confidence/kD nfidons/n.自信，信心；信赖positive/pD zstiv/n.优势，优点；adj.积极的negative/neg0tl v/n.劣势；adj.消极的ch叩ter/tj septa/n.一段时期；章节previously/privissli/adv.以前，先前all inall总而言之，总的来说apartment/s patmsnt/n.公寓套房am/elem/（ante meridiem）午前，上午shift/J Ift/（n.（工厂、医院等轮班制的）当班时间pressure/pref/n.压力recover/ri kAvs/vi.恢复健康，康复injury/I ndjori/n,伤，损害plus/plA s/adj.有利的，好的；perp.力口unfortunately/n fotj onotli/Aadv.不幸地；令人遗憾地challenge/tf eehndj/n.挑战；具有挑战性的事物vt.向……挑战arise/s raiz/vi.（问题或困难）出现，发生【课后效果追踪方案】判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句I hopeyou arevery well.Im fine,but tired.Right nowitis thesummer vacationand Imhelping my Dad on the farm.August isthehottest monthhere.It isthe timeof yearfor therice harvest,so everyday Iworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimes wego onworking afterdark bythe lightsof ourtractors.We growrice in the southof theStates,but in the northwhere itis colderthey growwheat.We havea lotof machinesonthefarm.Although thefarmis large,myDadhas onlytwo menworking forhim.But heemploysmore menfor theharvest.My brothertakes careof thevegetable garden.It doesntoften rainin thesummer here.As aresult,we havetowater thevegetable garden.Every eveningwe pumpwater froma well.It thenruns alongchannels todifferent partsof thegarden.Most Saturdayevenings thereisaparty,even atharvest time.Theseparties oftenmake usvery happy.We cookmeat onan openfire outside.Its great!Americans eat a lotof meat-too muchin myopinion.Some ofmy friendsdrink beer.I dont,because Ihaveto drivehome afterthe party.In yourletter youasked aboutthe timeindifferent areasof theStates.There arefive differenttime areasintheStates.In mystate weare fourteenhours behindBeijing time.Howmany differenttime areasdo youhave inChinaWell,I muststop andgetsome sleep.Please givemy bestregards to your parents.完形填空2You CanDo AnythingManyyears ago,my dadsuffered froma terminal末期的heart condition.He wasunableto workatasteady job,but hewanted todo something to keephimself23,so hedecidedto volunteeratthelocal childrenhospital.My dadloved kids.It wasthe perfectjobfor him.He wouldtalk tothem,play withthem,andgivefort tothem.One of his kidswasagirl witha raredisease thatparalyzed（使瘫痪）herfrom theneckdown.She couldntdo24,and she was very25,My daddecidedto helpher.He started26her,bringing paints,brushes andpaper.He stoodthe paperup,put thepaintbrush inhismouth andbegan to paint.He didntuse hishands atall.Only hishead would27,All thewhile hewould tellher shecould doanything she28her mindto.29,she begantopaintusing her30,and theybecame friends.Soon after,the littlegirl leftthe hospitaland my dad alsoleft there because hebecame ill.Some timelater,after mydad hadrecovered and31to work,he wasatthevolunteercounter oneday andnoticed thefront dooropen.In camethe littlegirl.But thistime shewaswalking.She ranstraight overtomydad and32him reallytight.She gavemydada33she haddone usingher hands.At thebottom itread Thankyou forhelping me34Tears35up inmy fatherseyes everytime hetold usthis story.He wouldsaysometimes loveis more36than doctors,and mydad,who lovedevery childin thathospital,really madea
37.
23.A.happy B.healthy C.fit D.busy
24.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything
25.A.upset B.excited C.frightened D.disappointed
26.A.seeing B.knowing C.calling D.visiting
27.A.shake B.nod C.move D.paint
28.A.make B.put C.set D.change
29.A.Finally B.However C.Besides D.Hopefully
30.A.neck B.mouth C.hands D.fingers
31.A.went B.came C.returned D.left
32.A.hugged B.held C.pressed D.grasped
33.A.book B.picture C.paper D.poem
34.A.move B.step C.walk D.run
35.A.flowed B.streamed C.ran D.welled
36.A.persuasive B.patient C.encouraged D.powerful
37.A.difference B.decision C.choice D.arrangement阅读理解CAre youlooking forsome newand excitingplaces totake your kids toTry someof theseplaces.Visit artmuseums.They offera varietyof activitiesto exciteyourkids9interest.Manyoffer workshopsfor makinghandmade pieces,traveling exhibits,book signingsbychildrens favoritewriter,and evenmusical performancesand otherarts.Head toa naturalhistory museum.This iswhere kidscan discover the pastfrom dinosaurmodelsto rock collections andpictures ofstars inthe sky.Also,ask whatkind ofworkshopsand educationalprograms areprepared for kids andany specialevents thatareing up.Go toa Youtheater.Look forone inyour areaoffering playsfor childand familyvisitors.Preshow playshops areconducted byarea artistsand educatorswhere kidscan discoverthesecret aboutperforming arts.Puppet（木偶）making andstage makeupare justa coupleofthe specialofferings youmight find.Try handson science.Visit oneof themany handsonscience museumsaround thecountry.These scienceplaylands aregreat funforkidsand grownupsalike.Theyll keepyour childmentallyand physicallyactive thewhole daythrough whilepushing buttons,experimenting,and building.When everyoneis tired,enjoy afun familyscience show,monly foundin thesemuseums.[J
58.If achild isinterested inthe universe,he probablywill visit.A.a YoutheaterB.an artmuseumC.a naturalhistory museumD.a handsonscience museumI]
59.What cankids doataYoutheaterA.Give performances.B.See dinosaurmodels.虚词如下:用在名词前帮助说明该名词的表示名词的泛指或特指aan,the冠词art.article含义介词表示名词、代词等与其它词常与名词或与之相当的词构成prep.in,after,under,on的关系介词短语preposition虚词连词conj.连接词与词、短语和短语、连接词与词、短语与短语、或and,if,but,becauseconjunction句子和句子句与句的作用感叹词inteij.oh,ah,um,ouch表示说话时产生的情绪表示说话时的感情或口气inteijection【句子成分】
（一）句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语
（二）主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句笠表示e.g.During the1990s,American countrymusic hasbee moreand morepopular.（名词）,We oftenspeakEnglish in class.（代词）Onethird ofthe studentsin thisclass aregirls.（数词）C.Look atrockcollections.D.Watch puppetmaking[]
60.What doeshandsonscience9,mean inthelastparagraphA.Science gamesdesigned bykids.B.Learning scienceby doingthings.C.A showof kidsscience work.D.Reading sciencebooks.[]
61.Where doesthis textprobably efromA.A museumguide.B.A touristmap.C.A sciencetextbook.D.A newsreport.To swimintheriver isa greatpleasure.（不定式）Smoking doesharm tothe health.（动名词）The richshould helpthe poor.（名词化的形容词）When weare goingto havean Englishtest hasnot beendecided.（主语从句）It isnecessary tomaster aforeign language,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后谓语有
1.简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成e.g.He practicesrunning everymorning.
2.复合谓语
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成e.g..You maykeep thebook fortwo weeks.He hascaught abad cold.
（2）由系动词力口表语构成e.g.We arestudents.
（四）表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,bee,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示e.g.Our teacherof Englishis anAmerican.（名词）Is ityours（代词）The weatherhas turnedcold.（形容词）The speechis exciting.（分词）Three timesseven istwenty one（数词）His jobisto teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playingfootball.（动名词）The machinemust beout oforder.（介词短语）Time isu^.The classis over.（副词）The truthis thathe hasnever beenabroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面e.g.They wenttoseean exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavyrain preventedme for「m「ingtoschool ontime.（彳弋词）How manydictionaries doyouhaveIhavefive.（数词）They helpedtheoldwith theirhousework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretendednot tosee me.（不定式短语）I enjoylistening topopular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he isfit forhis office.（宾语从句）宾语种类
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），e.g.Lend meyour dictionary,please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），e.g.They electedhim theirmonitor.
（六）宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整带有宾语补足语的一般句型为某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当e.g.His fathernamed himDongming.（名词）They paintedtheir boatwhite.（形容词）Let thefresh airin.（副词）You mustntforce himto lendhis moneytoyou.（不定式短语）We sawher enteringtheroom.（现在分词）We foundeverything inthe labin goodorder.（介词短语）We willsoon makeour citywhat yourcity isnow.（从句）
（七）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定.语定语可由以下等成分表示e.g.Guilin isabeautifulcity.（形容词）China isa developingcountry;America isa developedcountry.（分词）There arethirty womenteachers isour school.（名词）His rapidprogress inEnglish madeus surprised.（代词）Our monitoris alwaysthe firstto enterthe classroom.（不定式短语）The teachingplan fornext termhas beenworked out.（动名词）He isreading anarticle abouthow to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语可由以下形式表示e.g.Light travelsmost quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He haslived inthe cityfor tenyears.（介词短语）He isproud tohave passedthe nationalcollege entranceexamination.（不定式短语）He isintheroom makinga modelplane.（分词短语）Once youbegin,you mustcontinue.（状语从句）Wait aminute.（名词）状语种类如下How aboutmeeting againat six（时间状语）Last nightshe didntgo tothe danceparty becauseoftherain.（原因状语）I shallgo thereif itdoesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smithlives onthe thirdfloor.（地点状语）She putthe eggsinto thebasket withgreat care.（方式状语）She camein witha dictionaryin heahand.（伴随状语）In orderto catchup withthe others,I mustworkharder.（目的状语）He wasso tiredthathefell asleepimmediately.（结果状语）She worksvery hardthough she is old.（让步状语）I amtaller thanheis.（比较状语）【典型例题及变式题】
1.指出下列句中主语的中心词1The teacherwith twoofhisstudents iswalking intothe classroom.2There isan oldman inghere.3The usefuldictionary wasgiven bymy motherlast year.4To dotoday*s homeworkwithout theteachefs helpis verydifficult.2选出句中谓语的中心词
①I don*t likethe pictureonthe wall.A.dont B.like C.Picture D.wall
②The daysget longerand longerwhen summeres.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer
③Do youusually gotoschoolby busA.Do B.usually C.go D.bus
④There will be ameeting atthe librarythis afternoon.A.willbeB.meeting C.the libraryD.afternoon
⑤Did thetwins haveporridge fortheir breakfastA.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast
⑥Tom didn*tdohis homeworkyesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework
⑦What Iwant to tell youis this.A.want B.totellC.you D.is
⑧We hadbetter sendforadoctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor
⑨He isinterested inmusic.A.is B.interested C.in D.music⑩Whom did you givemy booktoA.give B.did C.whom D.book3挑出下列句中的宾语
①My brotherhasnt donehis homework.
②People allovertheworld speakEnglish.
③You mustpay goodattention toyour pronunciation.
④How manynew wordsdidyoulearn lastclass
⑤Some ofthe studentsintheschool wantto goswimming,how aboutyou
⑥The oldman sittingatthegate saidhe wasill.7They madehim monitoroftheclass.8Go acrossthe bridgeand youwill findthe museumontheleft.9You willfind ituseful afteryou leaveschool.10They didn*t knowwho TatherChristmas reallyis.4挑出下列句中的表语11The oldman wasfeeling verytired.12Why ishe worriedabout Jim
③The leaveshave turnedyellow.13Soon Theyall becameinterested inthe subject.14She wasthe firstto learnabout it.
5.挑出下列句中的定语
①They useMr,Mrs withthe familyname.2What isyour givenname3On thethird lapare Class1and Class
3.@I amafraid somepeople forgotto sweepthe floor.
⑤The mandownstairs wastrying tosleep.@I amwaiting forthe soundoftheother shoe!
6.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She likesthe childrento readnewspapers andbooks inthe readingroom.
②He askedher totaketheboy outof school.
③She foundit difficulttodothe work.4They callme Lilysometimes.5I sawMr Wangget onthe bus.6Did yousee LiMing playingfootball onthe playgroundjust now
7.挑出下列句中的状语1There wasa bigsmile onher face.2Every nighthe heardthe noiseupstairs.3He begantolearnEnglish whenhewaseleven.4The manonthemotorbike wastravelling toofast.5With themedicine boxunder herarm,Miss Lihurried off.6She lovesthe librarybecause sheloves books.©lam afraidthat ifyouve lostit,you mustpay forit.8The studentsfollowed UncleWang tosee theother machine.
①
8.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语Please tellus astory.
②My fatherboughtanew bikeformelast week.3Mr Liisgoingtoteachus historynext term.4Here isa pen.Give itto Tom.5Did heleave anymessage forme【简单句、并列句和复合句】
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1.按句子的用途可分四种1）陈述句（肯定、否定）He issix yearsold;She didn9t hearof youbefore.2）疑问句（一般、,特殊、选择、反意）Do theylike skatingHowold isheIs hesix orseven yearsoldMary canswim,cant she3）祈使句Be careful,boys.Dont talkinclass4）感叹句Howclever theboy is!
2.按句子的结构可分三种1）简单句:只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）e.g.He oftenreads Englishinthemorning.TomandMike areAmerican boys.She likesdrawing andoften drawspictures forthewallnewspapers.2）并列句由并列连词（and,but,oi•等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成e.g.You helphim andhe helpsyou.The futureis bright;the roadis tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
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