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Module4Great Scientists（建议用时40分钟）I.阅读理解（2018・河南实验中学期中考试）Why dosome peopleflush whenthey drinkalcohol（酒）？Thiseffect is a monreaction toalcohol amongEast Asians.lt affectsabout36percent ofJapanese,Chineseand Koreans.For many,even asmall amountof alcoholcan causeunpleasant effects.Most monly,their face,neck andsometimes theirwhole bodyturn red.People mightalso feelunfortable andsick totheirstomach.They mightexperience aburning sensation,increased heartrate,shortness ofbreath andheadaches.The causeis agenetic differencethat theyare bornwith calledan ALDH2deficiency（缺乏）.Itprevents theirbodies fromtreating alcoholthe wayother peopledo.But theeffects mightbe moreseriousthan justa redface.Researchers warnof alink betweenthis conditionand anincreased risk of cancerofthe esophagus（食道）from drinking alcohol.The morealcohol peoplewith thisdeficiency drink,the greatertheir riskis.In Japanand SouthKorea,for example,many peoplehave thedeficiency butstill drinkheavily.Researchers foundthat thesedrinkersdevelop aform ofesophageal cancersix toten timesmore oftenthan thosewithout thedeficiency.Esophageal canceris oneof thedeadliest cancers.lt canbe treatedwhen foundearly,but onceitgrows the chances of survival drop sharply.The researchersestimate thatat leastfive hundredfortymillion peoplehave thedeficiency,about eightpercent of the worldspopulation.Philip Brooksis aresearcher atthe NationalInstitute in the UnitedStates.He saysit isimportant toeducatepeople aboutthe linkbetween thealcohol flushingeffect andesophageal cancer.He saysdoctorsshould askEast Asianpatients abouttheir experienceswith facialflushing afterdrinkingalcohol.Thosewith ahistory ofit shouldbe advisedto limittheir alcoholuse.They shouldalso bewarned thatcigarettesmoking workswith thealcohol in a waythat furtherincreases theriskofesophageal cancer.［语篇解读］一些人喝酒后容易脸红，科研人员指出，这是因为体内缺少ALDH2,如果这些人饮酒过量，会增加患食道癌的风险
1.The underlinedwordflushin Paragraph1probably meansA.walk unsteadilyB,appear unpleasantC.turn redin thefaceD.talk morethan usual解析选C词义猜测题根据第二段Most monly,their face,neck andsometimes theirwhole bodyturnred.可推断，flush意为“脸红”，故答案为C项
2.The secondparagraph ismainly about.A.the causeof theeffects ofalcoholB・unpleasant effectscaused byalcoholC.the advantagesof drinkingalcoholD.Asians and alcohol解析选B主旨大意题第二段主要介绍了一些人喝酒后的不良反应，如脸红、胃不舒服、头痛等，故答案为B项
3.We caninfer from the passagethat.A.the ALDH2deficiency maybe passedon fromgeneration togenerationB.about36percent ofJapanese,Chinese andKoreans areheavy drinkersC.unpleasant effectsoccur onlywhen peoplewith thisdeficiency drinka lotD.only someEast Asianshave theALDH2deficiency解析选A推理判断题根据第三段The causeisagenetic differencethat theyare bornwith calledanALDH2deficiency.可推断，答案为A项
4.Esophageal canceris oneofthedeadliest cancersbecause.A.it cantbe treatedat allB.it ishard to be discoveredearlyC.people areusually addictedto alcoholD.it ishard tocure onceit hasdeveloped解析选D细节理解题根据第五段...but onceit growsthechancesofsurvivaldropsharply可知，答案为D项II.完形填空（2018•开封阶段性测试）It was1130intheevening.A]American ladyof aboutseventy wasstandingon theside ofan Alabama2trying tobear apouring rainstorm.Her carhad3and atthe momentshe4needed aride.Wet tothe skin,she decidedto flagdown thenext5,A youngwhite manstopped tohelpher-generally unheard6in thoseconflict—filled（矛盾7中突）1960s.The man7her tosafety inhis）car,and8taxicabfa kindof carfor her.She seemedtobeinagreat
9.She wrotedown his10thankedhim anddrove away.Several dayswent byanda11came on the mans door.To his12,a verybig colorTVwas deliveredto hishome.A specialnote was13to it.lt read,“Dear sir,thank youso muchfor（）assisting an14colored womanon thefreeway15night.The rain16wet allover notonly myclothes17my spirits.Then you18along.Because ofyou,I was19to makeit tomy dyinghusbands bedsidejust20he passedaway.God blessyou forhelping meandkindly servingothers.Sincerely,Mrs NatKing Cole.［语篇解读］主要叙述美国的一个白人青年帮助一个黑人老太太的故事
1.A上lack B.whiteC.poor D.sick解析选A60年代矛盾冲突（指白人对黑人的种族歧视），下文提到了一个白人青年帮她，因此可判断老太太是“黑人”
2.A.railway B.freewayC.street D.avenue解析选B从第15空前的freeway一词可知答案为B
3.A.broken upB.speeded upC.broken downD.slowed down解析选C从下文she decidedto flagdown thenext car可知，她的车“抛锚”了
4.A.seriously B.badlyC.fairly D.probably解析选B因为车抛锚了，而她还要赶到病危的丈夫那里去，所以她“非常”需要搭车，只有badly符合此意
5.A.bus B.truckC.taxi D.car解析选D flagdown挥手示意停车”，而且又在高速路上，所以只能是car
6.A.from B.byC.before D.of解析选D一个白人青年停下来帮助她——这在60年代种族矛盾激烈的美国从未听说过hearof是“听说”的意思
7.A.put
8.ledD.tookC.fetched解“takesbto+地点”意为“把某人带到某地”是固定短语析选DB-took
8.A.hiredC.sent D.asked解析选A因为是出租车，所以要“租赁”
9.A.need B-helpC・hurry D.trouble解析选C从下文看，她是去看她快要死了的丈夫，所以很“匆忙”
10.A.address B・numberC.name D.words解析选A从下文可知，老太太为了感谢那位白人青年，买了一台电视机给他送去,所以记下的是“地址”，而不是号码
11.A.lady B.salesmanC.letter D.knock解析选D由下文的onthemansdoor可判断出是knock aknock onthe dooru敲门声”o
12.A.surprise B.delightC.joy D.satisfaction解析选A因为他没有买电视机，看到一个售货员送来一台电视机，所以感到“惊奇”
13.A.offered B.givenC.stuck D.written解析选C因为是纸条，所以判断是“贴”在电视机上
14.A.aged B.darkC.lucky D.unhappy解析选A根据第一空已经知道是一位黑人妇女，且由下文可知，她70岁了该句中已出现color一词，则另一修饰该妇女的词只能是agedo
15.A.another B.the otherC.other D.any解析选B从上下文的时间判断，是“几天前的一个夜晚”
16.A.let B-madeC.had D.turned解析选B后面是形容词wet,表示大雨使浑身都湿了用动词make
18.A.got B-wentC.ran D.came解析选D从上文可知，老太太的车子抛锚时，那个白人青年及时地出现在她跟前,并给予了帮助
19.A.able B・readyC.likely D.willing解析选A从下文可知，此处表示“能”使她及时赶到她快要死了的丈夫跟前beableto dosth.表示通过努力才能实现的事，其余选项不符合句意
20.A.after B.beforeC.until D.since解析选B因为老太太得到了青年的帮助，才使她在她丈夫死之前赶到川.语法填空In
1.Iopinion,languages cannotbe taught,they canonly belearned.Having someoneorsomething toaid withthe processis
2.great benefit.Find aguide,not aninstructor.English wasalready aworldlanguage bythe timeI turned10in
1991.1thought itwas
3.difficultyfor meto studyEnglishwell.I
4.struggleat first.I didntlike theteacher.Grammar explanationsconfused me,and thematerialwas
5.realdull.I thoughtrd neverlearn it.Then myparents decidedto hirea privateEnglish tutor
6.waswonderful andthoughtful.She didntsimply instructme inthe language,but helpedme
7.discoveryit.She setme onthe rightpath tolearning,and mostimportantly,learning tolove language.!started readingmany
8.bookin English.My auntbought meThe HardyBoys formy birthday and afterthatthere wasno lookingback.The binationof readingbooks,
9.watchmovies everydayandtalking tomytutor oncea weekfor twoyears workedwonders.By theage of15I wasfluent inEnglish
10.inpossession ofa thickAmerican accent.［语篇解读］本文主要讲述了作者对学习英语的感受
1.解析my考查代词句意为我认为语言不能是用来教的，它们只能是用来学的in onesopinion意为“某人认为”根据上下文语境可知应填my
2.解析of考查介词of greatbenefit相当于very beneficial,在此做表语，故填of
3.解析difficult考查形容词It is/was difficultfor sb.to dosth.意为“对某人来说做某事是困难的”，故填difficult
4.解析struggled考查动词句意为最初我努力学习根据at first可知应用过去时，故填struggled
5.解析really考查副词修饰形容词应用副词，故填really
6.解析who/that考查定语从句定语从句的先行词是tutor,故填that/who
7.解析todiscover考查非谓语动词help后常常接动词不定式或动词原形做宾语补足语，故填todiscover
8.解析books考查名词many用来修饰名词的复数形式，故填books
9.解析watching考查非谓语动词根据and前后两部分应该保持一致，故watch的形式应与talking保持一致，故填watchingo
10.解析and考查连词空格前后两部分之间是并列关系，故填andIV.短文改错Ive learntfrom thenotice thatyoure lookingfor anEnglish editorfor usschool paper.fm writtenthis letter to apply for the position.Im LiHua,Senior Three student in our school.In myview,I metyour requirementsfor onething,Fm willingto devotesome ofmy sparetime toserve others；for another,Fm goodat bothEnglish orFine Arts.Im eitherskilled inusing puters.I wouldbe gladif youcould offerto me an opportunity for aninterview.Im lookingforward toyour kindlyreply atyour earliestconvenient.答案Ive learntfromthenotice thatyoure lookingfor anEnglish editorfor usschool paper.Fm ourwrittenthislettertoapplyfortheposition.writingIm LiHua,A SeniorThreestudentinourschool.In myview,I metyour requirementsameetfor onething,Fm willingto devotesome ofmy sparetime toserve others；for another,Im servinggoodat bothEnglish orFineArts.Im eitherskilled inusing puters.I wouldbe gladif youand alsocouldoffer-to-meanopportunityforan interview.Im lookingforward toyour kindlyreply atyour earliestconvenient.kind convenience。
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