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Unit7The Adventuresof TomSawyer话题冒险
1.ad venturen.冒险词汇
2.novel n.小说
3.congratulations n.fpl.]祝贺
4.writer n.作者
5.humorous adj.幽默的
6.task n.任务Unit
77.board n.板
8.survey v.调查
9.progress n.进步
10.rest n.休息
11.pity n.可惜
12.silence n.沉默
13.while n.一会儿
14.careful adj.小心的
15.deal n.交易
16.celebrated adj.著名的
17.1azy adj.懒惰的
18.pretend v.假装
1.have a rest/take arest休息短语
2.think of想到；想起
3.warn sbnot to do警告某人不要做某事
4.come along出现；过来
5.offer sbsth/offer sthto sb提供某物给某人
4.what apity/what ashame真可惜
5.with worry on onesface面带愁容
6.go ondoing继续做关系代词部分关系代词先行词在从句中的成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语which物主语/宾语whose人/物定语that人/物主语/宾语/表语as人/物主语/宾语/表语
1、who代替人在定语从句中作主语或宾语1The manwill succeed.He hasa positiveattitude.The manwho hasa positiveattitude willsucceed.练习用定语从句连成一个句子2The girlis asinger.The girlis sitting in the corner.答案The girlwho issittingin thecorneris asinger.3He isthe man.He wants to speakto you.答案He isthe manwho wants to speakto you.Women drinkmore thantwo cupsof coffeea dayhave a greater chanceof havingheart diseasethanthose dont.2006年（北京卷）A.who;不填B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填；不填【解析】先行词Women在句中作主语，而且those后面的关系代词也是做主语，应选【C】
2、whom代替人在定语从句中作宾语，作宾语时whom可以省略1This isthe person.I talked to the person just now.This isthe personwhom I talkedtojust now.或者This isthepersonto whom Italkedjustnow.练习用定语从句连成一个句子2I havemany friends.I send postcards tomy friendsbefore their birthday.答案I havemany friendswhomI sendpostcardsto beforetheir birthday.或者I havemany friendsto whomIsendpostcards beforetheirbirthday.We sawseveral nativesadvancing towardsour party,and oneof themcame upto uswe gavesome bellsandglasses.2006年湖南卷A.to which B.to whomC.with whomD.with which【答案】B【解析】按题意先行词them在句中作give sthto sb结构作介词的宾语，应选【B】
3、which指代物，在定语从句中既可作主语也可作宾语，作宾语时which可省略1Thinking isthe key.The keyopens the doors of the world.Thinking isthe keywhich opensthedoorsof theworld.练习用定语从句连成一个句子2Dont expectpeople todo things.You wouldnt do thethings yourself.答案Dont expectpeople todo thingswhich youwouldntdoyourself.3This isthe hotel.You will stay inthis hotel.答案This isthe hotelin whichyou willstay.或者This isthe hotelwhich/that youwillstayin.I saw a womanrunning towardsme in the dark.Before Icould recognizewho she was,she hadrun backin the direction shehadcome.2006年重庆卷A.of whichB.by which C.in which D.from which【答案】D【解析】按题意先行词thedirection用在come from后构成from thedirection在句中作方式状语，应填from whicho[D]
4、whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物11sawa woman.Her bagwas stolen.I sawawomanwhose bagwas stolen.练习用定语从句连成一个句子2ril calla person.His/her fatherknows you.答案ril calla personwhose fatherknows you.3Which isthe carIts owneryou know.答案Which isthe carwhose owneryou knowThe man coatis blackis waitingat thegate.A.whos B.whose C.that D.of which【答案】B【解析】穿黑色外套的那个男人正在门口等，按照题意，应该选的关系词可以表达“他的”外套，故选【B】
5、that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能用that,另外介词后面不能跟that,而跟which1The moneyis in the wallet.The wallet is mine.The moneythat/which isin thewalletismine.练习用定语从句连成一个句子2The manand thehorse fell into the river.They were drowned.答案Themanand thehorse thatfellintotheriverweredrowned.提示that可以代替人，也可以代替物（人+物）+that（序数词/最高级）+先行词+thateverything/anything/nothing/all much/little+that（110/1让成/色亚/211丫）+先行词+11121The mostimportant thingwe shouldpay attentionto isthe firstthing Ihave said.A.which,that B.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,that【答案】D【解析】先行词前有序数词，最高级时，引导次只能用that.应选【D】.
6、as一般用于非限定性定语从句中1As everybodyknows,Taiwan belongsto China.2As isknown tous,Taiwan belongsto China.Jenny wasvery sadover theloss ofthe photosshe hadshot atCanada,this wasa memoryshe especiallytreasured.A.as B.if C.when D.where2006年（广东卷）【答案】A【解析】先行词是指整个主句的内容，但是它在从句中不充当任何成分，故该句型不属定语从句，应为原因状语从句本题考察了定语从句与原因状语从句的区别【A】关系副词部分关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语l^when可用in/on/at/during+which代替11still remember the day.I first met himon the day.I stillremember the day whenI firstmet him.或者I stillrememberthe day on which Ifirstmethim.练习用定语从句连成一个句子2He cameat atime.We neededhelp atthis time.答案He cameat atime whenwe neededhelp.或者He cameat atime which/that/可省略we neededhelp at.I cannever forgetthedaywe workedtogether andthedaywe spenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;when C.what;that D.onwhich;when【答案】A【解析】两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词，但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.【A】
2、where可用in/on/at/to+which代替1America isa country.I was born inthis country.America isthe countrywhere I was born.或者America isthe countryin whichI wasbom.练习用定语从句连成一个句子2This isthe house.I wasbom in the house.答案:This isthe housewhere Iwasborn.-Mom,what didyour doctorsay---He advisedme tolive theair isfresher.2006年（四川卷）A.in whereB.in whichC.the placewhere D.where【答案】D【解析】先行词在句中无法找到，故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句本题考察了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别【D】
3、why一般用在the reason后面1The reasonwhy Imcalling youis toinvite you to aparty.The reasonhe didntcome washewasill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what【答案】A【解析】The reasonwhy...was that....已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because,尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义【A】
7.feel sorryabout sth为某事感到抱歉
6.after a while过了一会儿
7.encourage sbtodo sth鼓励某人去做某事
8.in silence沉默地
9.survey onesprogress查看某人的进度
8.turn sthover使…翻转
9.a novelcalled/named...一部名叫...的小说
10.trick sb.into doing诱使某人做某事
11.pretend todo sth假装做某事
12.become famous for sth因…而变得有名
13.fool sb=trick sb=play atrick on sb愚弄某人
14.get a chance todo sth得到机会做某事
15.make adeal达成交易句型
1.On Saturdaymorning,every boyin townwas happy,except Tom.星期六早上，除了汤姆索亚，镇上的每一个男孩都很高兴
2.Toms auntgave him a taskof paintingtheir fence.汤姆的阿姨交给他一项漆栅栏的任务
3.The fencewas30yards longand3yards high.这个栅栏长30码，高3码
4.He paintedone boardand surveyedhis progress,and thenhe satdown tohave arest.他刷了一块木板，然后停下来查看进展，接着就坐下来休息一会儿
5.He knewthe boyswho werefree wouldsoon come along andmake fun of him.他知道那些闲着的男孩子们很快就很出现并且取笑他
6.Km enjoyingmyself.Does aboy get a chance to painta fencelike thisevery day我挺开心的别的男孩子每天都有像这样漆栅栏的机会吗？
7.Tom gaveBen hisbrush withworryonhis facebut joyin hisheart.汤姆面带愁容地把他的刷子给了本，但是他内心喜悦
8.His auntwas sopleased thatshe gavehimabig apple.他的阿姨如此高兴以至于给了他一个大苹果
9.Mark Twinfirst becamefamousfor a shortstory hewrote in
1865.1865年，马克吐温首次因他写的一个短篇故事而变得有名
10.The storyis enjoyableand fullof fun.这个故事是令人愉快的，并且充满乐趣语法定语从句写作书评考点速记02知识点1:词汇考点1pretend的用法♦vt.假装，伪装；假称；装扮；vi.扮演；自称；假装，矫作；adj.仿制的；I pretend that thingsare reallyokay whentheyre not.当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利Many peoplepretendthatthey understandmodern art.许多人装着自己懂得现代艺术.考点2lazy的用法♦adj.懒惰的；没精打采的；慢吞吞的；He keepscompany withall sortsof lazycharacters.他与形形色色的懒人为伍Iwastoo lazyto learnhow toread music.我太懒，没有学识谱考点3adventure的用法♦n.冒险活动；冒险经历；奇遇；He hasadventure inhis blood.他天生具备冒险基因But Juleswas noteager forclassroom learning,he hungeredfor adventure.但朱尔斯对坐在课堂里学习并不热心，他渴望冒险考点4/ioue/的用法♦n.（长篇）小说；［法］新法，附律；adj.新奇的；异常的；The scriptwriterhelped him to adapthis novelfor thescreen.编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影She hadbegun to be alittle boredwith novelwriting.她开始对写小说有些厌倦了考点、5celebrated的用法♦adj.有名的，著名的；v.庆祝，庆贺（“celebrate”的过去式和过去分词）He wassoon oneofthemost celebratedyoung paintersin England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一He andHelen celebratedtheir silverwedding lastyear.他和海伦去年庆祝了他们的银婚考点6ywds的用法♦n.院子（yard的名词复数）;码（等于3英尺或36英寸或09144米）My neighborsare plantingcan*ots andbroccolis intheir yard.我的邻居在他们的后院里种胡萝卜和西蓝花The fishstayed50yards offshore,well outof range.这种鱼生活在离岸50码的地方，完全钓不到考点7progress的用法♦n.进步；前进；［生物学］进化；（向更高方向）增长；V.（使）进步，（使）进行；发展；促进；vi.发展；（向更高方向）增进；His remedialteacher seessigns ofprogress inhis readingand writing.他的辅导教师发现了他在阅读和写作方面进步的迹象Social progressis normallya matterof strugglesand conflicts.社会进步通常是斗争和冲突的结果考点8成㈤的用法♦vt.［牌戏］分；分配；经营；施予；n.交易；许多；待遇；发牌；vi.论述；（有效地或成功地）处理；惩处；交易；The dealseems soattractive itwould beridiculous tosay no.这笔交易看上去太诱人了，要是拒绝它简直是笑话Overcrowding hastaxed thecitys abilityto dealwith waste.人口过多使得城市的垃圾处理能力达到了极限令衍生dealer:n.商人；发牌人，庄家；以某种方式待人的人；经销商；e.g.casino dealer赌桌上的庄家、drug dealer毒品贩子、second-hand carsdealer二手车经销商今衍生常用短语Nbig deal=没什么大不了的E.g.there isno bigdeal sono needtobeworried.这都不是什么事儿，别瞎操心知识点2短语考点1have arest的用法♦休息一下；歇；Once thisis allover anddone withyou canhave arest.大功告成后你就可以休息了We advisedhimtohave arest,but hesimply wouldnthear ofit.我们劝他休息，他怎么也不依.考点2come along的用法♦一起向前走；到来；快点；进步；The cornwill comealong betterif itrains.如果下雨，玉米会长得更好.Come alongor wellmiss thetrain.快点，不然就会赶不上火车.She alwaysthinks someguy isgoing tocomealongand fixher life.她总是认为，会有某个男人来到她的身边，把她的生活安排得井井有条考点3统加左4的用法♦考虑；想起；有・・.想法；对…有意见；Gambling Icant think of aworse wayto spendmy time.赌博？我想不出更糟的消磨时间的办法We usuallythinkofa victimof muggingas beingsomeone elderly.我们通常以为被拦路抢劫的受害者是老年人考点4w碗，〃加包的用法♦太遗憾了；What apity youcouldnt comehere yesterday!昨天你不能来，这真是件憾事！What apity tosee allthat foodgoing towaste.那麽多食物都浪费了，看著觉得可惜.What apity itis wedidnt knoweach othersooner.可惜的是我们为什么不早一点认识呢？考点5turn sth.over的用法♦移交；（使）翻转；变换（电视频道）；仔细考虑；The scandaltook anew turn over theweekend.周末时丑闻有了新的发展Parliamentarians wereeager toturnoverresponsibility forthe decision.经验老到的议员急于把作决策的责任推卸给他人Whenever heson TV,I turnover.只要在电视上见到他，我都会换台考点6make fun的用法♦嘲弄，取笑；开玩笑；排调；调笑；It wasmiserable ofyoutomake fun of him.你取笑他,这是可耻的.I regretthat ihave madefunofher dressand imitatedher speech.我后悔自己拿她的衣着开玩笑，并模仿她说话考点7go ondoing的用法♦继续做；Fve survivedtill now,and willgo ondoing sowithout helpfrom you.我一直努力活到了现在，而且没有你的帮助也能继续活下去Go ondoing theexercise after a shortrest.休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习.考点8afterawhile的用法♦不久，过一会儿；不一会儿；After awhile thatsort ofthing dentsyour confidence.那种事情过上一段时间就会挫伤信心Mary andJoan quarreled,but madeup afterawhile.玛丽和琼吵架，但一会儿就和好了.考点9in silence的用法♦安静地，无声地；We lookedat eachother in silence.我们相顾无言We shouldnot passover thisdisgraceful affairinsilence.我们不应对这件可耻的事保持缄默知识点3句型
1.What apity!感叹句what+a/an+可数名词单数pity名词，意为可惜，遗憾The pityis thatyou arenot aprophet.It isagreatpity thatall studentsinthecity cannothave thesame chances.【拓展】pity还可做不可谓数名词，意为怜悯，同情心take pityonsb.同情某人I feltpity forthe poorold man.
2.Does aboy geta chanceto painta fencelike thisevery daychance此处用作名词机会,可能性take a chance冒险，碰运气have/getachancetodosth.有机会做某事Dont takeachanceto cheatintheexam.You reallynever knowwaht willhappen.You haveto takeachance!
3.After awhile,he said,Tom,will youlet medo somepainting^^while在此处用作名词，意为一会儿，一段时间Lets havearestforawhile.He wasmarried alittle whileago.典例分析例题
1.I reada novelyesterday,and itsabout theexperiences ofa soldier.A.wonderful playB.long poemC.long writtenstory【答案】C【解析】novel“小说，选择Cplay“戏剧”poem“诗歌”例题2When didpeople comealong onEarthA.disappear B.stay upC.Appear【答案】C【解析】come alone“出现；disappear“消失”;appear“出现”所以选择C例题
3.He isreally annoyingbecause healways makesfunofothers.A.laughs atB.lies toC.helps with【答案】【解析】make ftmof“取笑”；laugh at”嘲笑“；help with”帮助某人做某事”定语从句
一、基本概念
1.定义修饰限制某一名词或代词的句子为定语从句一般翻译为:“……的”
2.先行词被修饰的名词或代词为先行词位置放在被修饰名词或代词的后面
3.关系词定语从句必须有一个关系词引导，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类，但关系代词作宾语时可以省去位置放在被修饰名词或代词的后面
二、基本分类定语从句分为限定性和非限定性定语从句.1限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西，如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含混不清在限定性定语从句之前，不用任何标点译成汉语时，通常从句的末尾有“的”字，并放在它所限制的名词前面This isthe manwho gaveme thisbook.这就是给我这本书的人批注上述从句who gaveme thisbook不能删去，若删去则成了This isthe man.（这是那个人）完全失去了句子的完整意思2在意义上，非限定性定语从句是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步说明的作用，有时对于主句做进一步说明，如果删掉它，不影响整个句子的基本意思，因此通常用逗号把它和其它句子分开译成汉语时，一般用并列句表达，或单独译成一句话Li Ming,who isintheroom,wantstoask yousome questions.李明在屋子里，他想问你几个问题批注上述主句是Li Mingwantstoask yousome questions,定语从句为who isintheroom,如果删去从句不影响句子意思
三、用法详解。
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