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小学英语语法要点及习题
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,力口-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i.再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v.再加-es,如knife-knives.
5.不规则名词复数man-men.woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mi c.,child-childre.,foot-feet.tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
6.合成词单复数变化规则)以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式例如等)以1homework,newspaper2man或为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数例如woman womandoctor—women doctors,man waiter-men waiters..集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数例如7等本身就是复数,不能说但可以说people policea people,a police,a person,a policeman,the等名词,表示国民总English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss称时,作复数用,如中国人民是勤劳勇敢的The Chineseare industriesand brave.写出下列各词的复数I himthis herwatchchild photodiaryday footbook dresstoothsheep boxstrawberrythief peachsandwichman womanpaper juice
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink—drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,swim-swam,sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式is/am flyplant aredrinkplay gomakedoes danceworry askeatdraw puteatthrow.pass.d.Be动词的过去时练习
(1)一.用be动词的适当形式填空
1..a.schoo.jus.now.・
2.H..a.th.cam.las.week.
3.W.student,tw.year.ago.・
4.The.o.th.far..momen.ago.・
5.Yan.Lin..eleve.year.ol.las.year.
6.Ther..a.appL o.th.plat,yesterday.
7.Ther..som.mil.i.th.fridg.o.Sunday.
8.Th.mobil.phon..o.th.sof.yesterda.evening.二.句型转换
1.I.wa.exciting.否定句一般疑问句_______________________________________________肯、否定回答_____________________________________________
2.The.wer.i.hi.pocket.否定句___________________________________________________一般疑问句_______________________________________________肯、否定回答_____________________________________________Be动词的过去时练习
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1.
1.a.Englis.teache.now.
2.Sh.happ.yesterday.・
3.The.gla.t.se.eac.othe.las.month.・
4.Hele.an.Nanc..goo.friends.
5.Th.littl.do..tw.year.oL thi.year.
6.Look.ther..lot.o.grape,here.
7.Ther.,.sig.o.th.chai.o.Monday..
8.Toda.th.secon.o.June.Yesterda..th.firs.o.June.I..Childre n’.Day.Al.・th.student..ver.excited.行为动词的过去时练习
一、用行为动词的适当形式填空
1.H..live.i.Wux.tw.year.ago.
2.Th.ca..eat..bir.las.night.
3.W..have..part.las.Halloween.
4...make..mode.shi.wit.Mik.yesterday.
5.The..play.ches.i.th.classroo.las.P.lesson.
6.M.mothe..cook..nic.foo.las.Sprin.Festival.
7.Th.girl..sing.an..dance,a.th.party.
二、句型转换
1.S.Ha.too.som.photo,a.th.Sport,day.否定句___________________________________________________一般疑问句_______________________________________________肯、否定回答_____________________________________________
2.Sa.wen.t.schoo.early.否定句___________________________________________________一般疑问句_______________________________________________肯、否定回答_____________________________________________
3.W.san.som.Englis.songs.否定句___________________________________________________一般疑问句_______________________________________________肯、否定回答_____________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习2
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1...watch..cartoo.o.Saturday.
2.He.fathe..read..newspape.las.night.
3.W..t.zo.yesterday,w..t.th.park,go
4..yo..visit,you.relative,las.Sprin.Festival
5..h..fly..kit.o.Sunday.Yes.h..
6.Wha..sh..find.i.th.garde,las.morning.She finda beautifulbutterfly.
二、句型转换
1.The.playe.footbal.i.th.playground.否定句___________________________________________________一般疑问句_______________________________________________肯、否定回答
三、中译英
1.斯玛特先生去年住在中国
2.昨天我们参观了农场过去时综合练习1
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1.I..be.Amy’.birthda.las.Friday.
2.W.al..have..goo.tim.las.night.
3.H.jump.hig.o.las.Sport.Day.・
4.Sh.like..newspapers,bu.sh...boo.yesterday,read
5.H.footbal.now.bu.the.basketbal.jus.now.play・・
9...watch..cartoo.o.Monday.
10.W..go.t.schoo.o.Sunday.过去时综合练习2
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1.I..be.th.2n.o.Novembe.yesterday.Mr Smart go tohis officeby car.
2.Ga.Sha..put.th.boo.o.hi.hea..momen.ago.
3.Don.th.house.Mu..i.yesterday,clean・
4.Wha..yo..jus.now...som.housework,do
5.The..make..kit..wee.ago.
1.1,h..th.flower,thi.morning.Yes.h..water
7.Sh..be..prett.girl.Look.sh..do.Chines,dances.
8.Th.student,ofte..draw.som.picture,i.th.ar.room.
六、形容词的比较级复习及练习
一、形容词的比较级
1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than比较级前面可以用more,a little来修饰表示程度than后的人称代词用主格口语中可用宾格
2.形容词加er的规则⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r;⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er
3.不规则形容词比较级good-better,beautiful-more beautiful
三、练习
一、写出下列形容词的比较级old youngtall longshortstrong bigsmall fatthin heavylightnice goodbeautiful
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式
1.M.brothe.i.tw.year.old tha.me.
2.To.i.a.fat.a.Jim.
3.I.you.siste.young,tha.you.Yes,sh.is.
4.Wh.i.thin,yo.o.Helen.Hele.is.
5.Whos.pencil-bo.i.big,your.o.hers.Her.is.
6.Mary’.hai.i.a.long.a.Lucy s.
7.Be..jump..high.tha.som.o.th.boy.i.hi.class.
8.M.eye.ar.big.tha..she..
9.Which isheavy,the elephantor thepig
三、翻译句子
1.谁比Jim年纪大is thanJim
2、谁比David更强壮than David
3.谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?pencil is,or
4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的?我的弟弟的apples,your oryour
七、There be句型与have,has的区别
1.There be句型表示在某地有某物或人
2.在there be句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定
3.there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首
4.there be句型与have has的区别there be表示在某地有某物或人;have has表示某人拥有某物
5、some和any在there be句型中的运用some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句
6.and和or在there be句型中的运用and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是How many+名词复数+are there+介词短语?How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是What s+介词短语?Fill inthe blankwith have,has or“there is,there are”
1.I.goo.fathe.an..goo.mother.
2..telephon.o.th.desk.
3.He.radio.
1.
1.basketbal.i.th.playground.
5.She som.dresses.
6.They.nic.garden(花园).
7.Wha.d.you.
1.
1.reading-roo.i.th.building.
9.Wha.doe.Mike.
10.an.book.i.th.bookcase.
11.M.father.story-book.
11.
1.story-boo.o.th.table.
13.an.flower,i.th.vase.
14.Ho.man.students i.th.classroom.
15.M.parents som.nic.pictures.
16.som.map.o.th.wall.
17..ma.o.th.work o.th.wall.
18.man.childre.o.th.hill.用恰当的be动词填空
1.There alot ofsweets inthe box.
2.There somemilk inthe glass.
3.There somepeople underthe thebig tree.
4.There apicture anda mapon thewall.
5.There abox ofrubbers nearthe books.
6.There lotsof flowersin ourgarden lastyear.
7、There acake behindthe fridge(冰箱)yesterday.
8、There fourcups ofcoffee onthe table.Fill inthe blankwithhave,has”
1.I..nic.dress.
2.He goo.friend.・
3.They.som.books.
4.We som.flowers.
5.She..duck.
6.M.father.ne.bike.・
7.He.mother.vase.
8.Ou.teacher.a.Englis.book.
9.Ou.teachers.basketball.
10.Nancy man.skirts.
11.David som.jackets.
12.M.friends football.・
13.Wha.d.you
14.Wha.doe.Mike
15.Wha.d.you.friends
16.Wha.doe.Helen
17.Hi.brother basketball.・
18.He.sister nic.doll.・
19.Mis.Li a.Englis.book.
八、人称代词和物主代词
1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后
2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我I me我的my mine你,你们you you你的,你们的your yours他he him他的his his她she her她的her hers它it it它的its its我们we us我们的our ours他她,它们they them他她,它们的their theirs一.用所给词的适当形式填空L Tha.i.no..kite.Tha.kit.i.ver.small,but.i.ver.big...
2.Th.dres.i..Giv.i.t...sh..
3.I.thi.watch,you.No.it.no.....・
1.
1.i.m.brother..nam.i.Jack.Look.Thos.stamp,ar...h.
5.dresse.ar.red.we.Wha.colon,ar..yo.・・
6.Her.ar.man.dolls,whic.on.i....sh.
7..ca.fin.m.toy.bu.where...yo.
8.Sho.you.kite.OK.they・
9..hav..beautifu.cat.nam.i.Mimi.Thes.cake.ar..i.・
10.Ar.thes.tickets.No.ar.no..aren’.here..the.・・・
11.WiL.hav..loo.a.tha.classroom.Tha.i..classroom..w.
12.i.m.aunt.D.yo.kno..job...nurse..sh.・
13.Tha.i.no..T-shirt.i.a.home..h.
14.Wher.ar..can’.fin..Let.cal..parents..th e.・
15.don.kno.he.name.Woul.yo.pleas,tel..w.・・
16.S.man.dogs.Let.coun..the.・
17..hav..lovel.brother..i.onl.
3..lik..ver.much..h.
18.Loo.a.tha.desk.Thos.boo.ar.o..i..・
九、用am,is,are填空
1...boy.yo..boy.No...not.・・
2.Th.girl.Jack sister.・
3.Th.do.,tai.an.fat.
4.Th.ma.wit.bi.eye.teacher.・・
1.
1.you.brothe.i.th.classroom.
6.Wher..you.mother.Sh..a.home.
7.Ho.you.father.・
8.Mik.an.Li.Ta..a.school.
9.Whos.dres..this.
10.Whos.shoe..they.
11.Tha..m.re.skirt.
12.Wh..I.
13.Th.jean..o.th.desk.
14.Her...scar.fo.you.
15.Her.som.sweater,fo.you.・
16.Th.blac.glove.fo.S.Yang.・
17.Thi.pai.o.shoe..fo.Yan.Ling.
18.Th.tw.cup.o.mil..fo.me.
19.Som.te..i.th.glass.
20.Ga.shan,.shir..ove.there.
21.M.sister nam.Nancy.・
22.Thi..no.Wan.Fang.pencil.
23.Davi.an.Hele.fro.England.・
24.Ther..gir.i.th.room.・
25.Ther..som.apple,o.th.tree.
1.
1.ther.an.kite.i.th.classroom.
1.
2.ther.an.appl.juic.i.th.bottle.
28.Ther..som.brea.o.th.plate.
29.Ther.,.boy.tw.girls,thre.me.an.te.wome.i.th.park.
30.You.h.an...fro.China.water milkrice tea
二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介.[No.1]一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态如Th.sk.i.blue.天空是蓝色的
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作如.ge.u.a.si.ever.day.我每天六点起床
3.表示客观现实如Th.eart.goe.aroun.th.sun.地球绕着太阳转一般现在时的构成
1.be动词:主语+be am,is,are+其它如.a..boy.我是一个男孩
2.行为动词主语+行为动词+其它如W.stud.English.我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数he,she,it时,要在动词后加〃-s〃或〃-es〃如Mary likesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语一般现在时的变化
1.be动词的变化否定句主语+be+not+其它如He isnot aworker.他不是工人一般疑问句Be+主语+其它如-Ar.yo..student.-Yes..am..No.I.not.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句如Where ismy bike
2.行为动词的变化否定句主语+don,tdoesn,t+动词原形+其它如I dontlike bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句如He doesn,t oftenplay.一般疑问句Do.Doe..+主语+动词原形+其它如.D.yo.ofte.pla.football.Yes..do..No..dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句如Doe.sh.g.t.wor.b.bike・.Yes.sh.does..No.sh.doesn,t.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句如How doesyour fathergo towork动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如cook-cooks,mi lk-milks2以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i.再加-es,如study-studies一般现在时用法专练
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink gostay makelookhave passcarrycome watchplant flystudybrush doteach
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1.H.ofte.have,dinne.a.home.
2.Danie,an.Tomm.be.i.Clas.One.
3.W.no.watch.T.o.Monday.
4.Nic.no.go.t.th.zo.o.Sunday.
5.the.like.th.Work Cup・
6.Wha.the.ofte.do.o.Saturdays
7.you.parent.read,newspaper,ever,day・
8.Th.gir.teach,u.Englis.o.Sundays.
9.Sh.an..take..waL togethe.ever,evening.
10.Ther.be.som.wate.i.th.bottle.
11.Mik.like,cooking.
12.The.have.th.sam.hobby.
13.M.aun.look.afte.he.bab.carefully.
14.Yo.alway.do.you.homewor.well.
15..be.ill.I.stayin.i.bed.
16.Sh.go.t.schoo.fro.Monda.t.Friday.
17.Li.Ta.do.no.lik.PE.
18.Th.chiL ofte.watch.T.i.th.evening.
19.S.Ha.an.S.Yan.have.eigh.lesson,thi.term.
20.—Wha.da.be.i.todayIt.Saturday.・・
三、按照要求改写句子
1.To.watche.T.ever,evening.改为否定句
2..d.m.homewor.ever.day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
4.Am like,playin.compute,games.改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
3.Sh.like.milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
5.W.g.t.schoo.ever,morning.改为否定句
6.H.speak.Englis.ver.well.改为否定句
7..lik.takin.photo,i.th.park.对划线部分提问
8.Joh.come.fro.Canada.对划线部分提问
9.Sh.i..goo.student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
10.Simo.an.Danie,lik.goin.skating.(改为否定句)
五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上).
1.I.you.brothe.spea.English..
2.Doe.h.like.goin.fishing..
3.H.like.pla.game.afte.class.4Mr.W.teach,u.English.・・.
5.Sh.don.d.he.homewor.o.Sundays.
三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing但疑问词当主语时其结构为疑问词不达意+be+动词ing动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,•如cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如make-making,taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习:、写出下列动词的现在分词:play runswim makegolike writeskiread havesing danceputsee buylovelive takecome getstop__________sit_________begin__________shop_____________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空
1.Th.bo..draw.pictur.now.・
2.Liste..Som.girl..sing i.th.classroo..・
3.M.mothe..coo.som.nic.foo.now.・
4.Wha..yo.d now・・・・
5.Loo..The..have.a.Englis.lesso..
6.The.no.,water,th.flower,now.
7.Look.th.girl.danc.i.th.classroo..
8.Wha.i.ou.granddaughte.doing.Sh.liste..t.music.9It.o cloc.now.W.have suppe.now・・
10.Helenwas.clothes.Ye.,sh.i..
三、句型转换
1.The.ar.doin.housewor..分别改成一般疑问句和否定句
2.Th.student,ar.cleanin.th.classroo...改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答
3.I.playin.th.footbal.i.th.playgroun..对划线部分进行提问
4.To.i.readin.book.i.hi.roo..对划线部分进行提问
四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事句中一般有以下时间状语tomorrow,next dayweek,month,year…,soon,the dayafter tomorrow后天等
二、基本结构:
①b.goin.t..do.
②will.do.
三、否定句在be动词am.is.are1后加not或情态动词will后加not成wonto例如I mgoing tohave apicnic thisafternoon,f Im notgoing tohave apicnic thisafternoon.
四、一般疑问句be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换例如W.ar.goin.t.g.o.a.outin.thi.weekend..Ar.yo.goin.t.g.o.a.outin.thi.weeken d
五、对划线部分提问一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况
1.问人Wh.例如:I.goin.t.Ne.Yor.soon,f Who.goin.t.Ne.Yor.soon.2•问干什么Wha..do.例如.M.fathe.i.goin.t.watc..rac.wit.m.thi.afternoon.o—Wha i.you.fathe.goin.t.d.wit.yo.thi.afternoon.・
3.问什么时候When.例如She.goin.t.g.t.be.a.nine,f Whe.i.sh.goin.t.bed
六、同义句:b.goin.t..will.a.goin.t.g.swimmin.tomorrow明天...wil.g.swimmin.tomorrow..练习填空
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊I hav..picni.wit.m.friends.・・・.hav..picni.wit.m.friends.・
2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛.我想去打篮球Wha...nex.Monday・・・pla.basketball.・・・・Wha..yo.d.nex.Monday...pla.basketball.
3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果.you.mothe...g.shoppin.thi.Yes.sh..Sh....bu.som.fruit.
4.你们打算什么时候见面Wha.tim..yo...meet改句子
5.Nanc.i.goin.t.g.o..picnic.(改否定)Nanc..goin.t.g.o..picnic.
6.I
1.g.an.visi.them.(改否定).g.visi.them.・・
7.I.goin.t.ge.u.a.6:
3.tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)t.ge.u.a.6:
3.tomorrow・・・・
8.W.wil.mee.a.th.bu.static,a.10:
30.(改一般疑问句)mee.a.th.bu.static,a.10:
30.・・
9.Sh.i.goin.t.liste.t.musi.afte.school.(对划线部分提问)sh.,.,afte.school・・
10.M.fathe.an.mothe.ar.goin.t.se..pla.th.da.afte.tomorrow.(同上・・・goin.t.se..pla.th.da.afte.tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空
11.Toda.i..sunn.day.W..(have..picni.thi.afternoon.
12.M.brothe..(go.t.Shangha.nex.week.
13.To.ofte.(go.t.schoo.o.foot.Bu.toda.i.rain.H.•(go.t.schoo.b.bike.
14.Wha.de yo.usuall.d.a.weekends..usual
1.•(watch.T.an.(catch,insects.
15.It•Frida,today.Wha.sh..(do.thi.weekend.Sh._•watch.T.an.•catch,insects.
16.Wha..dO.yo.d.las.Sunday...pick,apple,o..farm.Wha.•do.nex.Sunday...milk.cows.
17.Mar..visit,he.grandparent,tomorrow.
18.Li.Ta..fly.kite.i.th.playgroun.yesterday.
19.Davi..give..puppe.sho.nex.Monday.
20.
1.plan.fo.m.stud,now
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化Dam和is在一般过去时中变为waswas not=wasn t⑵are在一般过去时中变为werewere not=weren t⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调至U句首
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句didn t+动词原形,如Jim didntgo home yesterday.一般疑问句在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形如Did Jimgohomeyesterday特殊疑问句⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如What didJim doyesterday⑵疑问词当主语时疑问词+动词过去式?如Who wentto homeyesterday动词过去式变化规则
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如pull-pulled,cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如stop-stopped。
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