2023年专四语法复习从句篇

从句专题从句引导词的拟定从句引导词通常起两个作用

①引导和连接主从句

②在从句中作某种成分

（一）答题依据看它在句中做什么成分、表达什么意义

（二）主语从句引导词从属连词一that,whether连接代词一what,which,who,whom连接副词一when,where,why,how.Tha.h.i.alway.read.t.hel.other.i.know.t.all.2In somecountries,is called“equality”doesnt reallymean equalright forequalpeople.A whichB what C that D one答案B

（三）宾语从句引导词从属连词一that,whether,if连接代词一what,which,who,whom（词尾力口-ever加强语气）连接副词一when,where,why,how1By success,I dontmean usuallythought ofwhen thatword isused.A whatis B that weC asyou Dall is2We agreedto acceptthey thoughtwas thebest touristguide.A whicheverB whoeverC whateverD whomever3The basicfeatures ofcommunication processare identifiedin onequestion:who saysthrough whatchannel towhomA whatB howC whenD such引导让步状语从句，须用倒装语序as倒装情况a把从句中作表语的adj./n.提到句首；若表语为单数可数名词，提前时要省略（即去掉）不定冠词把从句中作状语的皿提到句首bc有时把从句中的谓语动词原形提到句首Difficult as the workwas,it wasfinished ontime.Child ashe is,he canspeak Englishfluently.Much asI respecthim,I cantagree tohis suggestion.Fail ashe did,he wouldtry again.

①引导让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装；引导让步状语从句不能倒though although装Ver.lat.thoug.i.was.the.wen.o.working./Though it was verylate,they wenton working.Air existseverywhere althoughwe cantsee it.特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+引导让步状语从句，从句中有时要用虚no matter+・ever拟语气may+动词原形或直接用动词原形；有时还要用倒装语序注意词序n.matte.how.howeve..adj./adv.+-n.matte.what.whateve..n.+.However richpeople are,they alwaysseem anxiousto makemoney.No matterwhat difficultieswe mayhave,we haveconfidence inourselves.Whatever maycome,we won5t leave the work half done.一Come whatma%we wontleavetheworkhalfdone.Whoever yoube,you have no rightto dosuch athing.whether…or…引导让步状语从句，常省略whether,且把动词原形be提到句首・・・・・・・・・・・・B,ric o poor hi kint evervbodv.whethe hi ricopoor・・・・・・・・・・・・・B acriminal.Whethe hi frien.O foe8方式状语从句常见引导词有时用虚拟语气as,as if/thoughWhen inRome,do asthe Romansdo.H.look.a.i.h.i.ill.H.i.reall.ill.H.talk.a.i.h.wer..scholar.I.fact.h.i.no..scholar.H.speak.a.i.h.ha.see.i.wit.hi.ow.eyes.Actually.h.didn.see itat all.It looksas ifit miahtrain.比较状语从句9常见引导词as/so-as-;-than-;The more-,the more…the same...as...;the same as...;such...as...He knewabout thenewcomer asmuch asI did.He finishedthe examearlier thanhis classmatesdid.Sh.i.th.sam.ag.a.you.We arenot suchfools asto believehim.The harderyou work,the moreachievement youwill make.注意

①排斥问题China is larger thananv othercountry inAsia.China islarger thanany countryin Africa.替代问题one/ones；that/those在比较从句中为了避免反复，常用代替前面出现的名词:that/those,one/ones that指物，one既可指人也可指物；that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数；one代替可数名词单数，ones代替可数名词复数；反复的名词后面有Of短语时，常用that/those代替；反复的名词前有形容词修饰时，常用one/ones代替The uptrains arefuller thanthe downones.The engineof yourcar isbetter than that ofmine.比较对象一致、主谓一致及时态等问题2Th.populatio.o.Chin.idarge.tha.America.wrongThe populationof Chinaislargerthan that of America.3倍数表达法a倍数+比较级+thanb倍数+n.+as+原级+as/倍数++原级+as n.+as倍数+,短语c nthe+n.+of倍数+d thatof倍数+从句e what注意:to-*增长到…；by—净增…The roomis threetimes aslarge asthat one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大The roomis threetimes largerthan that one.这个房间比那个房间大三倍是那个房间的四倍大This riveris fourtimes thewidth of thatone.这条河比那条河宽三倍That cityis nowalmost tentimes itsoriginal size.现在那座城市几乎是它本来大小的十倍The areaofthatcontinent is about twicethatofthis one.那个大洲的面积比这个的大一倍They produce1000cars witha totalvalue morethan20times whatitwasin

1980.

④他们生产了一千辆小汽车，总产值是1980年的二十倍还多

⑤级的修饰语比较级表达一方超过另一方的限度或数量时，可在比较级前表达限度的状语,如aeven,still,yet,rather,no,a lot,lots,a goodbit,a littlebit,a great/good等；数词或其它表达deal,slightly,still,much,many,all the,any,far,by far数量的词组也可以用来修饰比较级He isa head/5cm tallerthan Tom.注意by far通常用于强调最高级用于比较级时,般放在比较级的后面；如放在前面，应在两者中间加theHe istaller bv far thanhis brother.He is bvfar the tallerof thetwo brothers.最高级最高级可被序数词以及B much,by far,nearly,almost,by nomeans,不修饰等词语修not quite,not really,nothing like,far andaway,very most饰置于定冠词或者物主代词之后，其它的加强语一般置于定冠词之前veryShe puton hervery bestdress.The Pacificis bvfarthelargest ocean.This hatisbvfar7mljch/nearlv/almost/not nearlv/bv nomeavs/notquite/nothina likethe biggest.How muchdid thesecond mostexpensive hatcost10类比状语从句常见引导词（数字间的类比）what/as为固定结构，表达与的关系和与的关系具有A is to BwhatCis toD AB CD可比性但是，假如A,B,C,D为数字时，则用as取代what,表达比例上的相等The peopleis to the Partysarmy what/as wateris tofish.人民的军队离不开人民，就象鱼离不开水Intellect is to themind whatsight is to the body.智力之于大脑，如同视力之于躯体Twelve isto threeas fouristoone.12之于3等同于4之1Reading isto themind what/as exerciseisto thebody.读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体同样Leaves do for plantswhat/as lungsdofor animals.叶子对于植物的作用，正如肺对于动物的作用同样The blueprintistothe builderwhat/astheoutline istothewriter.蓝图对于建筑设计师就象提纲对于作家同样4Although Anneis happywith hersuccess,she wonderswill happenonher privatelife.A thisBthatC itD what5They alwaysgive thevacant seatsto comefirst.A whoeverB whomeverC whoD whom

（四）答案ABADA

（五）表语从句引导词从属连词一that,whether,if连接代词一what,which,who,whom连接副词一when,where,why,howThat,.wha.the.did..wh..didn.come.The questionis whetherwe shallstay ornot./how wecan aetthere./who he is./whom heis lookingfor.（）The reasonis that heisill.

（五）定语从句

①定语从句引导词起三个作用1

②连接作用

②在从句中作某种成分

③替代先行词（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词）引导词关系代词一3that,which,who,whom,as,whose关系副词_when,where,whvt•介词+关系代词whichn.短语+从句the moment/each time/the distance…+…:先行词为事、物，在句中可作主语、宾语；that,which先行词为人，在句中可作主语、宾语；who,whom:whose先行词为人、事、物，在句中作定语；as—先行词被the same,such修饰或先行词自身就是the same,such--引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个句子，在从句中作主语或宾语I stillremember theday when/on whichI mether for the firsttime.That wasthe yearwhen Zin which he was born.This isthe roomwhere theylived for ten years.that/which theylived inforten years.inwhichthey livedfortenyears.As iswell known,Rome isnot builtin aday.As we all know,Rome isnot builtin aday.

①This isthe city.AI like to visit it mostB Ilike tovisit mostCI mostlike tovisit DI mostliketovisitit

②Beer isthe mostpopular drinkamong maledrinkers,overall consumptionissignificantly higherthanthatof women.A whoseB whichC thatD what

③The hoursthe childrenspend intheir one-way relationshipwithTV peopleundoubtedly affecttheir relationshipswith real-life people.A whenB onwhichCthatD inwhich答案:BAC3只用that:

①先行词既涉及人又涉及物

②先行词前有不定代词修饰或先行词自身为指物不定代词/复合不定代词时

③先行词前有表达唯一概念的词修饰时

④先行词被序数词、可.最高级修饰时

⑤先行词为疑问时a pron.He talkedloudly ofthe menand thebooks thatattracted him.Al.tha.glitter.i.no.gold.There islittle/nothing thatI cando.He isthe onlyperson thatis reliable.Who thathave studiedwith himdo notadmire himNothingis difficultfor onewho setshis mindto it.介词+关系代词4不定数词+介词+关系代词解题依据

①介词与pron./which/whom/whose+n,关系代词即先行词为固定搭配

②介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配1Agriculture wasa stepin humanprogress whichsubsequentlythere was nothing comparableuntil ourown machineage.Ato Bfor Cin Dfrom2It isuseful tobe ableto predictthe extentwhich aprice changewillaffect supplyand demand.A fromB toC forD with1§I boughta dozeneggs,broke whenI droppedthe boxat thedoor.A six eggs Bsixeggsof themCsix of them Dsix of which4He introducedme tohis students,offered togo withmeasa guide.A oneofthemB onestudentC oneof whomD oneofwhich5The residents,had beendamaged bythe fire,were givenhelp bythe RedCross.A allof theirhomes Ball theirhomes Cwhose allhomes Dall ofwhosehomes6This isthe theorywhich hisexperiment isbased.A fromB toC onD for答案:ABDCDC

（六）状语从句1时间状语从句常见引导词when,while,until/till,as,before,after,since,whenever,as soonas,once,each/every time...・・・・・・no soonerthan・hardly/scarcely...when..考点when—“正在这时・・・before/after:It isa longtime before/after...since:It is/was...since...（完毕时）・・・until/till©not...until...

②强调句式从句主句It is/wasnotuntil++that+

③提到句首，句子倒装一not时间状语（从句）+部分倒装的主句Not until+no sooner...than...hardly/scarcely...when...

①时态主句“过去完毕时；从句■过去时

②否认副词提到句首，句子要部分倒装）1I hadjust startedback forthe houseto changemy clothesIheard voices.A asB whenC afterD while）2No soonerhad wereached thetop ofthe hillweallsat downtorest.A whenB thenC thanD until）3Doing yourhomework isa sureway toimprove yourtest scores,andthis isespecially trueit comesto classroomtests.A whenB sinceC beforeD after

1.ma.escape.fro.th.priso.las.night.l.wa..lon.tim..th.guard.discovere.wha.ha.happened.A beforeB untilC sinceD after5You seethe lightningit happens,but youhear thethunder later.A the instant Bforan instantC ontheinstantDinaninstant6It wasalmost10years Ihad seenher lasttime.A beforeB afterC whenD since答案BCAAAD地点状语从句2常见引导词where,whereverBoys alwaysgo toswim wherethe wateris deep.Where there isawill,thereisa way.3因素状语从句常见引导词because,as,for并列句since,that,in that,now thatseeina5that...;qiven that...She wasdisappointed that her serviceshad beenoverlooked byhersuperiors.Given herinterest inchildren/・i.children『.sur.teachin・i・th・riah.caree.fo.her.Seeina thathewasbetter,they didn5t sendforthedoctor.着重指直接的因素或理由，其所引导的从句为全句的重心，用以直接because回答的问题，在本组词中语气最强既可放在句首，也可放在主句why之后Just becauseI dontcomplain,you mustntsuppose thatImsatisfied.H.ha.t.as.hi.neighbo.fo..rid.becaus.hi.ca.wa.bein.repaired.多用于口语中，使用本词引导的从句时，主句为全句的重心，从句只是附带地as指出因素或理由，语气比because和since弱，通常用于句首，如放在主句后，所说明的因素一般是对方知道的As hewasnt readyin time,we wentwithout him.We remainedat homeas itwas raining.着重指附加或推断的理由、根据、解释，连接的是相对独立的并列句，不能用for于句首I askedher tostay totea,for Ihad somethingto tellher.since可放在句首或主句之后，有时与as同义，有让步的含义，着重指双方均已熟悉或稍加分析既可明白的理由，有时也指产生行动的自然因素，口语中较为少用Since everyoneis here,lefs beginour class.Since we5venomoney,we cantbuy it.4结果状语从句常见的引导词:so（并列句）,that,so that…；so…that…；such…that…；It wasso coldthat theriver hadfrozen.I.wa.suc.a.interestin.stor.tha..couldn..5目的状语从句常见引导词that,so that…；in order that…；lest,for fear that...;incase...（虚拟语气）Man doesnot livethathe may eat,but eatsthathemay live.Here ismy telephonenumber sothat you can callme whenyou arriveherenext time.They hadto getup veryearly inorderthatthey wouldntmiss theexpresstrain.PH bekind toher lestshe decideto leaveme.He jottedthe namedown forfearthathe shouldforqet it.Here5s somemoney in case youshould needit.条件状语从句6常见弓导词I if,unless,as/so longas,in case,on conditionthat,providing/provided that...suppose/supposing that...You cantpass theexam unlessyou workharder.If itrains tomorrow,I willgo toschool bytaxi.I canlend youmy dictionaryas Ionasyoucankeep itclean.Please letme knowincasehe comes.She wouldbe preparedto cometotheparty,provided/providing thatshecould bringher daughter.SupposiriQ/Suppose allthe doorswere locked,how wouldyou getinto thehouse让步状语从句7常见引导词though,although,as,even if/though,while尽管.；for all that...・・whether...or...;特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词十no matter+・everEven ifit israining veryhard,he wouldstill goto takecare ofthe youngtreesin theschoolyard.He isa goodcomrade forallthathemayhave shortcomingsand faults.注。