U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程-答案Unit-1-Life-and-logic

U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案Unit1Life andlogicSection A1-2Text A:Love andlogic:The storyof a fallacyPre-reading activitiesPre-reading activities-11B2A3A4B5B6A7C8CPre-reading activities-

22.atmospheric

3.delicacies

4.urgency

5.accountancy

6.gloom

7.magnet

8.metallic

9.mastery

10.vacancy

11.guilt

12.secrecyBanked cloze1mentioned2determine4responsible5heavily6artistic7opposite8analytical9distorted10stumpedExpressions in use1were drippingwith2in exchangefor3flared up4make ananalogy between5set adate for6make8made apact9had appealedto1-4Structure analysiswritingStructured writing:Practice参考:.ha.m.mos.embarrass in.experienc.whe..wa.i.th.secon.yea.o.college.Durin.tha.perio.o.time..ofte.like・t.cha.wit.m.friend,b.passin.note.i.class.M.bitte.s tor.happene.on.Tuesda.morning,whe.ou.Englis.teache.wa.bus.writin.o.th.blackboard,tryin.t.teac.us.i.he.monotonou.voice,th.differenc.betwee.^tolerable,an.〃tolerant”.Th.teache.wa.hard-working,bu..reall.wante.t.shar.m.goo.moo.wit.m.bes.friend.Tony.Therefore..picke.u.m.pe.an.wrot.o..sli.o.paper.〃Hey•wan.t.tel.yo.someth・in.tha.wil.mak.yo.reall.enviou.o.me,.an.the..passe,th.sli.t.him.H.quickl.opene.i.an.rea.it.Bein.to.cur ious.h.waste,n.tim.writin.o.th.not.som.word.an.pass e.i.back.〃Wha.i.it.Tel.m.immediately!.h.asked.Sail•jus.gav.m.he.cel.phon,number...responded..coul.no.wai.t.se.hi.jealou.face.However,whe.h.go.m.note.a.unexpecte.thin,happened.Th.not.wa.grabbe.b.anothe.hand.T.m.shock,th.teache.w a.standin.i.fron.o.Tony.Sh.rea.th.not.i.he.han.loud

1.an.looke.sternl.aroun.th.whol.class.Z/Wh.passe,th.not.t Tony.Wh.wa.s.luck.t.ge.Sally

5.phon,number.・Sh•asked.Al.th.clas.starte.t.whisper,an..vague

1.hear,the.talkin.abou.wh.starte.th.passin.o.th.note.M.fac turne.red.an.m.hear.bea.quickly.

0.course,thos.・wh.s a.aroun.m.kne..wa.th.culprit.The.looke.a.me.gigglin quietly.Meanwhile.Sall,blushe..dee.crimso.an.・looke ver.angry.Sh.glare,a.m.a.i.t.say.z/.a.goin.・t.kil.yo〃u.•di.no.stan.u.t.admi..wa.th.offender,bu..fel.s.emba rrasse.tha..reall.wishe.tha.ther.ha.bee..plac.fo.m.t.hid.myself.Afte.th.incident..di.no.dar.t.pas.note•i.clas.anymore.1-5TranslationTranslationTranslation-1参考亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一Translation-2参考Th.Doctrin.o.th.Mea.i.th.cor.o.Confucianism.Th.so-calle.mean.b.Confuciu.doesn，.mea.^compromise,bu..〃m oderate.an./z just-right,wa.whe.understandin.an.handlin.objectiv.things.Confuciu.advocate,tha.thi.thoughshoul.no.onl.b.treate.a..wa.t.understan.an.dea.・wit•thing,bu.als.b.integrate,int.one.dail.conduc.t.mak.i..virtu,throug.self-cultivatio.an.training.Th.Doctrin.o.th.Mea.i.no.onl.th.cor.o.Confucianis.bu.als・a.importan.componen.o.traditiona.Chines,culture.Fr o.th.tim.i.cam.int.bein.t.th.present,i.ha.playe.a.i nvaluabl.rol.i.th.constructio.o.nationa.spirit,th.t ransmissio.o.nationa.wisdom,an.th.developmen.o.nationa.culture.Section B1-6Reading skillsPractice1This textis mainlyabout thereasons whysmart peoplemakepoor decisionsor dostrange things.2The textmentions fivecognitive biaseswhich usuallycausesmart peopleto makebad decisions:the fundamentalattributionerror,the confirmationbias,the overconfidencebias,theavailability bias,and thesunk costfallacy.3When wemake adecision,we canavoid beingaffected byvarioustypes ofcognitive biasesby relyingon soundlogic andacareful examinationof theevidence andby remainingawarethat whatseems tobe goodintuition caneasily resultin errorsofjudgment.1-7Text B:Why dosmart peopledo dumbthingsReading comprehensionReading comprehension-1c12A3B4D5B6D7C8AReading comprehension-

21.Yes.certainly.Fo.example,las.summer..droppe.i..clothin.stor.i.Nan jin.Roa.an.foun..dres.wit..fashionabl.styl.an.reall.goo.price..bough,th.dres.an.like,i•ver.much.Becaus.o.thi.happ.experience,thi.yea..dec ide.t.g.t.th.stor.again..bough,anothe.fashionabl.dr es.an.happil.pai.th.pric.aske.b.th.salesgirl..believe..ha.go.anothe.goo.bargain.Bu.later,t.m.disappointment..foun.th.pric..ha.pai.wa.actuall.muc.highe.th a.i.othe.stores..mad.th.wron.decisio.owin.t.m.overc onfidence.To avoidsuch cognitivebiases,we should:Improv,ou.thinkin.process.Thin,carefull.an.critical ly.Avoi.makin.unqualif ie.generalization,o.jump in.t.conclusions.Lear.fro.ou.pas.mistakes.Avoi.bein.affecte.b.th.sam・cognitiv.bia.agai.an.again.

2.Yes.Ther.ar.severa.reasons:Experts arepeople whohave gaineda lotmore knowledgein aparticularfield.Experts havemore skillsand experiencein thatfield.Experts haveaccess toa significantamount ofevidence,so theyaremore likelyto givevalid opinions.No.Ther.ar.severa.reasons:Experts couldhave biasedopinions towarda specificissue.Not everyoneis perfect,and expertsdo makemistakes.The assumptionthat〃He isan expert,so what he saysis true〃is justafallacy.Experts mightbe completelyclueless aboutsubjects theyknownothing about.We needto thinkcritically aboutother peoplesopinions.3People aresmart indifferent waysbecause therearedifferent typesof intelligence,such as:verbal linguisticintelligence;numerical intelligence;spatial intelligence;interpersonal intelligence.T.me.peopl.ca.b.smar.i.simila.way.becaus.smar.peopl•hav.man.commo,qualities.Fo.example,the.ar.al.willin.t.lear.an.ca.lear.quickly.The.ar.al.highl.curious・an.kee.t.solv.problems.The.neve,readil.accep.whate ve.seem./znormal.bu.alway.questio.th.statu,qu.an.see t・・chang.things.W.ca.safel.sa.tha.smar.peopl.ar.act uall.quit,alike.

4..agre.wit.th.saying,becaus.bein.smar.doe.no.simpl・mea.th.abilit.t.lear.facts.I.include,man.othe.abilities.sue.a.th.abilit.t.analyze,th.abilit.t.thin,abstractly.th.abilit.t.reason,th.abilit.t.generalize,th.abilit.t.solv.problems,th.abilit.t.communicate,e tc.

5.I.m.opinion,intelligenc.i.mainl.determine,b.gene,tha.on.inherit,fro.hi.parents.Thoug.environmen.ha..

1.Reasonin.skill,dea.wit.th.proces.o.gettin.fro..proble.t.solutio.o..conclusion.B.improvin.you.reason・in.skills,yo.ca.improv,you.succes.i.doin.things.Specifically.stron.reasonin.skill,ca.hel.yo.to:improve thequality andvalidity ofyour ownarguments;improve yourability toassess thequality andvalidity ofothersarguments;make morelogical decisions;solve problemsmore efficientlyand effectively.T.giv..specifi.example,ever.da.yo.hav.t.mak.variou.decisions,an.ye.eve.som.simpl.decision,lik.decidin.wha.t.wea.whe.you r.gettin.dresse.i.th.mornin.requi r.som.reasonin.skills.Whe.yo.decid.wha.t.wear.yo.ta k.man.factor,int.consideratio.th.weathe.forecast.th•curren.temperature,you.plan.fo.th.da.wher.yo.ar.g oing.wha.yo.wil.do.an.who.yo.wil.meet.you.comfor.1evel.an.s.on.I.rea.life.yo.nee.t.fac.decision,tha.a r.muc.mor.diff icul.tha.choosin.wha.t.wear.So.i.i.re all.importan.t.hav.stron.reasonin.skills.rol.t.play.i.ca.onl.wor.o..smalle.scale.Man.storie.hav.prove,tha.i.one•gene.ar.no.goo.enough,n.matte,wha.favorabl.environmen.h.i.expose,to.h.wil.no.b.ab

1.t.lear.a.quickl.a.thos.whos.gene.ar.good.Yet.t.b.abl.t.lear.quickl.i.crucia.t.th.developmen.o.intelligence.T.me.intelligenc.seem.t.b.mainl.determine,b.environment.rathe,tha.b.genes.Childre.wh.ar.well-nurtured,tha.is.thos.wh.hav.mor.lif.experiences,wh.rea.more,lear.mor.an.trave.more.ca.usuall.ge.muc.highe.score i.・intelligenc.tests.which,a.w.know.ar.importan.ind ication.o.thei.intelligence.So.environmen.reall.ha.a.importan.rol.t.play.1-8Text B:Language focusWordsin use

1.triggering

2.obscure

3.hypothesis

4.formulate

5.threshold

6.incidence

7.refute

8.realm

9.decay

10.testimonyExpressions inuse1play theodds2subject to3attributes,attributed4to5be factoredinto6call for7By virtueof8get stuckon9come intoplaySentence structureSentence structure-11The timehas comefor abroad internationaleffort tointegrateChina intothe globaleconomy.2The timehas comefor usto recognizethat traditionalartforms presentedin traditionalvenues cannotcompete withobjectsproduced bypopular culture.3The timehas comefor consideringthe policyof conservingthesematerial resourceson whichthe permanentprosperity ofourcountry mustdepend.Sentencestructure-

21.i.tha.the.offe.solution,t.publi.pensio.problems

2.i.tha.the.provid..venu.fo.thos.wit.varyin.perspective.t.hav.a.ope.an.hones,dialog

3.i.tha.i.protect,peopl.i.crisi.fro.bot.physica.an.psychologica.problems1-9CollocationPracticePractice-11B2C3D4F5A6EPractice-21available2erroneous3valid4intellectual5lightening6inaccurate7winning8distort9logic-proof10tremendous11watertight12cognitive2The factorsbelow areusually importantfor alogicalconclusion:critical thinkingskills;facts;evidence;sound reasoningprocess,etc.Reading comprehensionReadingcomprehension-

11.Th.dea.betwee.the.i.tha.th.narrate,give.Ro.hi.leathe.jacket,an.Rob.i.exchange,give.th.narrato.hi.girIfriend.The.mak.th.dea.becaus.the.wan.t.ge.somethin・fro.eac.other.Ro.i.craz.abou.fashion,an.h.want.t.o w.th.narrator

5.fashionabl.leathe.jacket,th.narrato.long.t hav..beautifu.girlfriend,an.Rob.girlfrien.i・•beautiful.

2.He thinksa beautifuland well-spoken girlfriendwill assisthimto landa joband achievesuccess inan elitelaw company.

3.The narratorfeels thisway because he can t stopthinkingthat hispurpose ofdating Pollyis notfor romancebut forimprovingher intelligence,and hecantlet Pollyknow hisplan.

4.Th.narrato.decide,t.teac.Poll.logi.becaus.h.believe.logi.i.essentia,t.clea.thinking.B.teachin.Poll.1ogic.h.ca.mak.he.intelligent.

5.Whe.th.narrato.teache.he.logic.Poll,respond,eithe・shortl.wit.〃Cool〃.〃Great〃〃lik.tha.idea〃o.simpl.・・・wit.noddin.o.blinkin.withou.sayin.anything.Thes.response.giv.u.a.impressio.tha.Poll.i..nic.bu.rathe,si mple-minde.girl.

6.Yes.H.i.onl.to.successfu.i.teachin.Poll.logi.becaus.i.th.en.whe.h.ask.Poll.t.b.hi.girlfriend.Poll,re fuse.hi.reques.b.applyin.al.th.logica.fallacie.h.ha taugh.her.・

7.Because he wants tomake onemore attemptto winPolly ashis girlfriend byasking herto forget whathehas taughther.

8.Th.en.o.th.stor.i.ironi.becaus.Poll.turn.ou.t.b.s marte.tha.th.narrator.First,sh.i.abl.t.refut.al.hi.argument,a.logica.fallacies.Then.sh.disclose,tha.sh an.Ro.hav.playe..trie.o.him.Th.narrato.ha.bee.・to.s mar.fo.hi.ow.good.Readingcomprehension-

21.I.m.opinion,al.th.thre.character,ar.complex.Th.fo llowin.ar.m.description,abou.them.Smart:He isan excellentlaw studentand knowsa lotaboutlogic.Sophisticated:He believesa beautifuland intelligentgirlfriendwill benefithim inhis futurecareer.Arrogant andself-conceited:He thinkshighly ofhimself butbadlyof hisroommate.Over-confident:He thinksthe girlwill surelychoose himratherthan Rob.Stupid andsimple-minded:He knowsnothing aboutwhat canhappenin reallife.Fashionable andcool:He lovesfashion andcares alot abouthisappearance.Dishonest:He playsa trickon thenarrator toget hisleatherjacket.Clever:He isable togetwhathewantswithout losinganything.Beautiful andnice:She ispretty andeasy tobe with.Shallow:She choosesRob simplybecauseheis fashionable.Smart:She learnsquickly andis fullof witwhen refusingtobe thenarrator5sgirlfriend.

2.Th.stor.itsel.include,th.fallac.〃Dict Simpliciter〃・・Th.narrato.assume,tha.al.girl.woul.b.happ.t.dat..bo.whos.futur.i.somewha.guaranteed.Therefore.Polly.•beautifu.an.wealth,youn.girl.woul.certainl.fal.i.1ov.wit.hi.〃a ingeniou.student,an.〃.ma.wit.a.assure.・futurez/.rathe,tha.Ro.〃muscula.idiot”.However,t.t・h.narrator’.surpris.an.disappointment.Poll,choose.R o.i.th.en.becaus.Ro.i.fashionabl.an.cool.

3.Lov.i.blind.I.i.ridiculou.t.us.logi.t.dea.wit.lov e.Smart peoplesometimes canmake wrongjudgments.Smart peopleare sometimestoo arrogantand confident.Smart peoplemay fallvictims totheir ownsmartness.

4.Yes.Becaus.no.onl.woul.teachin.logi.i.schoo.hel.m inimiz.th.overwhelmin.numbe.o.fallaciou.assertions,bu.als.wouL serv.a.a.excellen.precurso.t.highe.math ematic.an.hel.mak.othe.course,sue.a.geometr.an.calc ulu.les.o..myster.t.mos.students.No.Becaus.logi.ca.b.learne.throug.othe.subject,sue.a.math,philosophy,reading,etc.It no.necessar.t.off・e..specia.cours.abou.it.

5.Yes.certainly.Actually,logica.fallacie.ar.ver.com mo.i.ou.everyda.life..mysel.commi.logica.fallacie.v er.often,too.Fo.example,whe..firs.me.m.roommat.i.coliege..fel.ver.surprise,whe.h.tol.m.h.didn lik.noo・dies..asked./zPeopL i.th.nort.o.Chin.lik.eatin.noodles.Yo.ar.fro.th.north,wh.don.yo.lik.noodles.Her..committe.th.logica.fallac.Diet.Simpliciter/Z..false

1.asserte.tha.al.peopl.i.th.nort.shoul.lik.noodles.an.ther.shoul.b.n.exceptio.t.thi.premise.1-3Text A:Language focusWordsinuse

1.crumbled

2.discern

3.surpass

4.shrewd

5.conversion

6.distort

7.radiant

8.ingenious

9.stumped

10.propositionWord building:PracticeWord building:Practice-11delicacy2bankruptcy3accountancy4secrecy5vacancy6urgency7atmospheric8magnet9metallic10gloom11guilt12masteryWord building:Practice-

21.bankruptcies。