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Section_JV Gramma[g Writinw
一、定义状语从句状语从句指用作状语、起副词作用的句子根据其作用可表示时间、地点、AdverbialClauses原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等状语从句一般由从属连词引导，也可以由词组引导从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开
二、状语从句的分类类型例句连接词常用引导词when,as,while,as soonas,The childrenran awayfrom theorchard（果园），before,after,since,till,until the moment theysaw theguard.No时间状特殊引导词:the minute,themoment,the soonerhad Iarrived homethan itbegan to语从句second,every time,the day,the instant,rain.immediately,instantly,directly,no sooner...Every timeI listento youradvice,I getintothan,hardly...when,scarcely...when trouble.Generally speaking,air will be heavily常用引导词where地点状polluted wherethere arefactories.特殊引导词wherever,anywhere,Wherever yougo,you shouldwork hard.语从句everywhere常用引导词:because,since,as原因状Now thateverybody hascome,let sbegin特殊弓导词1seeing that,now that,in that,our conference.语从句considering that,given thatTheboss askedthe secretaryto hurryup常用引导词:so that,in orderthat目的状with theletters so that he could signthem.特殊引导词lest,for fearthat,in thehope that,语从句for thepurpose thatHegot upso earlythat hecaught thefirst常用引导词特so...that,such...that,sothat结果状bus.殊引导词:to thedegree that,to theextent that,It ssuch agood chancethat wemust not语从句to sucha degreethatmiss it.常用引导词You willcertainly succeedso longas youif,unlesskeep ontrying.条件状语特殊引导词:as/so longas,only if,providing/Provided thatthere isno opposition,we从句provided that,supposing that,in casethat,onshall holdthe meetinghere.condition thatThey hope...canbringthemagoodharvest/rich year/happylife.介绍节日地位asweallknow,asisknowntoallo按序介绍节日活动first,then,finally,atlast,intheend;besides,what smore,atthesametime,inthemeanwhile.重阳节是中国重要的传统节日之一下面的四幅图画介绍了古人在重阳节从事的一些活动请根据图画内容写一篇英语短文，介绍重阳节注意.词数左右；1100可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
2.参考词汇重阳节菊花鲜花盛开参考范文DoubleNinthFestival chrysanthemuminfullbloomTheDoubleNinthFestival,whichisalsoknownastheChongyangFestival,fallsonSeptember9accordingtothelunarcalendar.ItisoneofthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalsinChi na.Doubleninesmeanfbrever^inChineseculture,sotheDoubleNinthFestivalisespeciallypopularamongtheelderly.Inthepast,peopleusuallygottogetherwiththeirfriendsandclimbedmountainstocelebratethefestival.Theyalsotastedteawhileappreciatingbeautifulchrysanthemumsinfullbloom.Itwasatimetohavefunandenjoybeingwithfriends.TheDoubleNinthFestivalwassuchapopularfestivalthatmanypoemswerewrittenaboutit.常用引导词though,although,even if,eventhoughMuch asI respecthim,I cant agreeto his特殊引导词（用在让步状语从句中必须asproposal.要倒装），（一般用在句首），while no matterThe oldman alwaysenjoys swimmingeven让步状语wh-,in spiteof thefact that,whatever,though theweather isrough.从句whoever,wherever,whenever,however,No matterhow hardhe tried,hecouldnotwhichever changeher mind.The houseis threetimes asbig asours.常用引导词:（同级比较），（不同程as than比较状The moreyou exercise,the healthieryou度的比较）willbe.语从句特殊引导词the more…，the morejustFood tomen iswhat oilis tomachine.as・・.，so...方式状When inRome,do asthe Romansdo.常用引导词as,as if,how语从句She behavedas ifshe werethe boss.[考观印证1]1一1（2012・重庆高考）一Coach,canlcontinuewiththetraining一Sorry,youcan tyouhaven trecoveredfromthekneeinjury.A.until B.beforeC.as D.unless解析选考查连词的用法根据句意“教练，我可以继续训练吗？”“很抱歉，不可以，Co因为你的膝盖受伤还没有恢复过来“可知，此处应用引导原因状语从句的连接词故选项as C（天津高1—22012-）^Everythingwasplacedexactly hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.A.while B.whenC.where D.though解析选考查状语从句句意在毕业典礼上，一切东西都放在他想放的位置此处C引导地点状语从句where1—3（2012-^XJ5=t^T^）Leaveyourkey withyourneighboryoulockyourselfoutoneday.A.aslongas B.eventhoughC.incase D.asif解析选考查连词句意把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了C as longas只要；even though尽管in case以防；as if好像所以选C陕西高考1—42012-Hot thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A.although B.asC.while D.however解析选考查倒装句句意尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之B后，我们太累了引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为名词/形容词/副词/动词as主语+谓语动词与也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序+as+although while
三、状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句谓语动词是的某种形式从句中的主语和动词常可省略be be常用于以下几种情形连词+形容词
1.When hewasyoung,heleamedhowtorideabike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车连词+分词
2.While shewaswalkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲连词+不定式
3.Hestoodupasif heweretosaysomething.当时他站起来好像要说什么连词+介词短语
4.Shelookedanxiousasthough shewasintrouble.她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦［点津］当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达Whenthemeetingwasover=Themeetingover,allthepeopiewentoutofthemeetingroom.当会议结束时，人们都走出了会议室
四、几组常见近义词的辨析和
1.when,while as引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词还表示“就在lwhen when那时”Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.她进来时，我停止吃饭瞬间动词Whenllivedinthecountryside,lusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水延续性动词We wereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了瞬间动词引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的并且有时还可以表示对比，表示“然2while while而”；还可表示转折，表示“虽然”Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.我妻子在看报纸，而我在看电视是延续性动词，和同时wasreading wasreadingwaswatching发生Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球表对比表示“一边……一边”，引导从句中的动作是延续性的，主句和从句动作同时发生3as asWealwayssingaswewalk.我们总是边走边唱表示“一边……一边”as[考驳印证2]山东高考2012•Hesmiledpolitely Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.A.as B.ifC.unless D.though解析选考查引导状语从句的连接词句意当为她喝醉了的朋友道歉时，他礼貌A Mary地微笑着根据句意，此处只能用引导时间状语从句“如果；“除非”；“虽as ifunless though然”和
1.The firsttimelsawher,Iknewwewouldbegoodfriends.尽管我没有钱可花，而你却有钱无处花
2.While Jhave nomoney tospend,youhavenothingtospendmoneyon.•他匆忙回家，边走边往后看3Hehurriedhome,looking behindas hewent.万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？
4.In casethere isa Ere,whatwillwedofiest我们必须在能找到水的地方露营
5.Wemustcampwhere wecan getwater..既然没有人反对，我们就执行这个计划吧6Since noonc isagainst it,let，scarryouttheplan..火车上人太多，我几乎转不过身来7」」Thetrainwassofullthat couldhardly umaround..他说话的口气像是曾经到过那里似的8Hespokeas JiLhe_had_been_there_beforD.即使我在你的位置，我也不会接受你的工作
9.Even ifI werein yourplace,Iwouldn ttakeyouijob.她无论身体好还是生病，总是很镇静
10.Whether wellor sick,Shealwayskeepscalm..单项填空111・achildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.A.Before B.UntilC.Whenever D.Themoment解析选句意小孩子一开始上学，他就进入了一个成败都被清晰地定义和衡量的恶性D竞争的世界之中“一……就”，相当于连词，符合句意themoment（•成都毕业班诊断）
3.Youshouldtrytogetagoodsleep muchworkyouhavetodo.A.however B.nomatterC.although D.whatever解析选句意不论你有多少工作要做，你都得好好休息根据语意可知，应用表示让A步的连词，又因空白处要修饰因此用much work,however（•福建质检）
4.2012theorganizersofLove Parade2010”,amusicfestivalinGermany,didnotignorethewarningthatDuisburgwasnotasuitableplacefortheLoveParade,theterriblestampede（蜂拥）canbeavoided.A.Supposing B.UnlessC.Provide D.Incasethat解析选句意杜伊斯堡并不是适合举办的地方，如果德国A“Love Parade”“Love Parade2010”音乐节的组织者没有忽视这个警告的话，这个踩踏事件是可以避免的supposing=provided=倘若“，它们均表示条件providing=if
5.（2012•皖南八校二次联考）Much hestateshehasagoodtasteofhisown,hecan tavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisement.A.that B.whichC.as D./解析选句意尽管他多次声称自己有很好的品位，但也不可避免地会受到广告的影响C四个选项中，能引导让步状语从句的只有注意引导状语从句时，从句要倒装as as（福建离
6.2012-者）ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.A.if B.unlessC.because D.since解析选考查连词的用法句意对希腊政府来说，如果从欧盟得不到更多的财政支援，B很难克服目前的困难“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合题意unless（郑州二检）
7.2012-Youhavetowearspecialclothing,ahelmetandalifejacket yourraftgetsturnedupsidedownorsinks.A.sothat B.inorderthatC.nowthat D.incase解析选结合句意，此处要表达的是“以防/万一你的橡皮艇翻了或沉了，故用D incaseo（昆明质
8.2012-检）DoctorBrownsaysthat whatforcefulargumentsagainstcigaretteharmthereare,manypeopleinsistonsmoking.A.though B.howeverC.nomatter D.evenif解析选在此引导让步状语从句，相当于结构，其中心词为C nomatter whatwhateverargumentso一9,Itcostme30^w6Z^togethere.—Well,itwascrazyofyoutotakeataxi youwouldcomebybusaswell.A.unless B.whenC.if D.because解析选答语句意既然也可以坐公交，你一定是疯了，竟然打的过来由此可知选B表示“既然，考虑到when,
10.Well,youcanbuy$20ticketsor$30tickets,youprefer.A.which B.whicheverC.whatever D.what解析选本题中连词引导状语从句而不是定语从句，由前面提到的两种票价可知已经给B出了选择范围，故应用引导状语从句whichever
12.2012•Weneedtoknowthecustomofthiscountry,wewouldnotdispleaseanyone.A.eventhough B.asifC.sothat D.onlyif解析选句意我们需要知道这个国家的习俗，这样我们就不会惹怒任何人了C so引导目的状语从句，符合题意即使；好像;除非that eventhough”as ifonly if（保定一调）
15.Allthedishesinthismenu,stated,willservetwotothreepeople.A.but B.ifC.though D.unless解析选句意这份菜单中的所有菜，除非有说明，否则都是供两到三人食用中间D部分是的省略形式表示“除非，如果不“unless theyare stated”unless假设你叫李平，你的一个外国州绩傣缄徜愀了解中国的传统节日——中秋节请根据以下提示写一篇短文，词数左右150节日地位中国最重要的传统节日之一纪念时间农历八月十五纪念对象月光之神纪念目的希望月光之神能给人们带来好运节日前夕，亲朋好友之间互赠月饼；人们尽可能回家与家人团聚；晚上，人们在室纪念活动外赏月、聊天、憧憬美好的未来参考词汇农历的lunarDearTom,YouonceaskedmeforsomebackgroundinformationaboutoneofChinastraditionalfestivaltheMid-autumnFestival.Now,I mwritingtointroducesomethingaboutthisfestivaltoyou.Asyouknow,beingoneofthemostimportantChinesetraditionalfestivals,theMid-autumnFestivalhasalonghistory.lt scelebratedonlunarAugustl5th,petheMoonGodcanbringthemgoodluck.BeforetheMid-autumnFestival,relativesandfriendssendeachothermooncakes.OntheMid-autumnFestival,peopletrytogethomefromallkindsofplacestogettogetherwiththewholefamily.Intheevening,peoplesitoutside,enjoyingthefullmoon.Besides,theychatwitheachother.Asyoucanimagine,theylookforwardtobeingabletohaveabrightfuture.IhopeonedayyoucancometoChinatocelebratethisfestivalwithustogether.Yours,LiPing本文涵盖了题目所要求的所有内容要点，信息完整，所写句子表意正确人称、时态运用恰当、准确，各个要点间逻辑连贯，行文通顺本文不是简单地逐条翻译，而是将所给的几个要点合理地组成比较通顺的语句，语言组织严谨，结构安排合理本文句式丰富多彩是引导的非限制性定语从句；Asyouknow,Asyoucanimagine As为分词作状语beingoneofthemostimportantChinesetraditionalfestivals,enjoyingthefullmoon等几个短语的运用，使上下askedmefor,introduce...to,inmemoryof,gettogetherwith,lookforwardto文衔接自然，语句表达地道得体中国有不少传统节日，如theSpringFestival,theLanternFestival,theDragonBoatFestival,等，介绍这些节日时应注意以下几点theMid-autumnFestival合理安排写作内容，提高整体美感
1.介绍中国传统节日时往往需要从节日地位、节日来历、纪念时间、纪念对象、纪念目的和纪念活动等角度着手正确把握写作时态，提高语言的准确性
2.众所周知，节日庆祝是一种传统文化，基本上每年都没有太大变化，因此描绘节日地位、纪念时间、纪念对象、纪念目的和纪念活动时多用一般现在时介绍节日来历时多用一般过去时熟悉规范性语言，提高语言的规范度
3.贴切使用过渡性词汇，提高行文连贯性［黄金表达］
4.介绍节日地位•••isanimportantChinesetraditionalfesti val.Beingoneofthetraditionalfestivals,•••hasanimportantpositioninChina.介绍节日历史...hasahistory ofabout...years.介绍节日来历...datesbackto...yearsago.介绍节日纪念目的Peoplecelebrate...inmemoryof...o介绍节日纪念对象Theyhope...canbringthemgoodlucko。
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