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The carnivalhas beencelebrated in the Cityof Colognesince ancienttimes.However,after anewgovernment cameinto power in1814,it washigh time to“organise”the streetcarnival,whichthe newauthority thoughtwas gettingout ofhand.Therefore,in1823the FestivalCommittee wasfounded.（出现），Over the years,certain newtraditions andcustoms haveemerged whichbecome thefeatureof themodern CologneCarnival:the indoorfestivities and the streetcarnival.It is the taskof the FestivalCommittee,representing over100Cologne carnivalassociations,etc.,to organise,setcommon standards,and preservethe tradition of the carnival.Traditionally,the carnivalstarts at1111,11th,November!The carnivallasts fortotally threemonths.On February10,1823Cologne celebratedthe firstRose Monday,the craziestday of thecarnival.Given itsChristian roots,the dateof RoseMonday isdetermined by the Churchcalendar:It takesplace on the Mondaybefore the carnival ends.This carnivalis knownas oneof the most importantstreet partiesof alltimes.This colorfulcelebrationattracts overa millionvisitors from all over the world.The paradesthrough the streetsare organisedby localsand schoolchildren.Thousands ofpeople cometo watchthe greatshow.Millions ofpeople standon bothsides of thestreetcheering.Germans letdown theirhair andhavethe timeof theirlives,drinking,singing anddancing.On AshWednesday,the daythe carnivalends,it isa mustto havefish-that iswhat youwill geton themenu of all restaurants.To learnmore aboutthe carnival,many peoplehave visitedthecarnivalmuseum ofCologne.The museumopened itsgates in2005and was awarded thetitle of“2006Location ofIdeas andInnovations“in thefollowing year.The exhibitionhas awide varietyof exhibitsin thehistory ofcarnival in Europe.Visitors areamazed at the collectionof medalsfrom Colognes variouscarnival（方言）clubs orthey canlisten to the typicalcarnival musicin kolsch,a dialectspoken inCologne.」Section7Introduction——eading ipoe-readinq［原文呈现］The Magicof theMaskand sightschange fromone countryto
⑤another butthe excitementis the same everywhere.“Carnival”comes fromtwo Latinwords,meaniiigJtrMUnorfeJneat!!
⑥.In Europe,jdiwe itbegan，carnival wasfollowed byforty dayswithout meat,徵腔Qpkm即aredlorlhe⑩.People sawCarnivalas⑪a lastchance to have funat theend［读文清障］she wroteto thousands of importantpeople—politicians,churchmen,doctors,city officials—andasked themto supporther idea:a special day of the yearfor thankingmothers.In1910the Governorof WestVirginia introducedMother s Day intothe state.The datechosenwas May10-the secondSunday inMay,which isstill observedin Americatoday.This datewaschosen becauseMay10was the date onwhich in1908Anna Jarvis s motherhad died.In1914President WoodrowWilson madeMay10the officialdate forMother s Day throughoutthe UnitedStates.Soon therewas aMother sDay International Association and the custombegan to be adoptedin many countriesof theworld.（失望的）Anna Jarvis,a sadand disillusionedwoman,died in
1948.The customshe hadworkedso hardto establishand whichhad become almost universalhad lost its original purpose.Ithad been taken overby business.As withChristmas,the givingof presentsand thesending ofcardshad become a multi-million-dollar industry.语篇解读本文主要介绍了母亲节的由来
5.The storyis about•A.Mothering Sundayfor ChristmasB.the originofa specialdayfor mothersC.President WoodrowWilson andAnna JarvisD.how peoplecelebrate Mothers Day解析选主旨大意题通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了母亲节的由来，而不是如何庆祝B母亲节
6.Anna Jarviswanted to.A.thank her mother forher careB.introduce acelebration formothersC.meet thousandsof importantpeopleD.make herpupils celebrateher onMother,sDay解析选细节理解题从第二段B“to supporther idea:aspecialday of the yearfor thanking可知mothers”
7.May10became thedate forMothersDaybecause.A.May isin theAmerican springB.it was the secondSunday inMay in1910C.President WoodrowWilson likedthe dateD.this wasthedatethat Anna Jarviss mother died解析选细节理解题从第三段D becauseMay10wasthedate onwhich in1908可知Anna Jarvissmotherhad died”
8.Unfortunately,Anna Jarviswas NOThappy withMother sDay whenshe diedbecause.A.hermotherwas notthere tosee itB.she hadnever beena motherherselfC.people weretoo interestedin makingit abusinessD.no onegave anypresents orcards totheir mothers解析选细节理解题从最后一段“…C hadlostitsoriginalpurpose.It hadbeentakenoverby business…becomeamulti-million-dollar industryn可知C（污染物）Reducing someclimate pollutantscould savemillions oflives,says anew reportbythe WorldHealth Organization（WHO）.Gases,like smoke,or blackcarbon,are calledashort-lived climate pollutants w.They affectthe societyinmanyaspects.These climate pollutants cancause someserious diseases.These includeheart disease,diseases connectedwith cancer,and infections.They arealso responsiblefor manyof themorethan7million earlier deaths eachyear that are connectedto airpollution.The UNhealth groupalso saysthe pollutants can reduceagricultural crops.These pollutantsexistboth outdoorsand indoors.WHO EnvironmentChief MariaNeira saysthe pollutantshave astronginfluence onclimate change.The goodnews is that theyonly stayin theatmosphere forafew daysto10years.That ismuch shorterthan carbon dioxide,a greenhousegas,which canremainfor hundreds,or eventhousands,of years.WHO hasa numberof practicaland affordableways to reduce theseshort-lived climate（排放）pollutants.At thetop of their list:cutting vehicleemissions byrequiring higheremissionstandards.More emissionsare givenoff whenengines arerunning.Indoor airpollution alsoleadsto badhealth andearlierdeath.The WHOreports thatnearly3billion low-income familiesrelyon“dirty fuels”.Coal,wood andkerosene usedfor cookingand heatingare examples.To usecleanerand moreefficient stovesto heator cookcould cutdown on the healthrisks.Another waythey sayto cutback on these pollutantsis tohave moreinvestments andpoliciesfor rapidtransport.These includebuses,trains,bicycles androad users,or walkingroutes.Theysay theseinvestments couldhave manybenefits,including safertravel,reducing healthrisks fromnoiseand airpollution,and morephysical activity.The WHOreport alsocalls forencouraginghigh-and middle-income populationsto includemore plant-based foodsin theirdiets.It saysthiscould reduceheart diseaseand somecancers.It couldalso slowthe gasproduction thatcomes withsomeanimal-sourced foods.|语篇解读；本文是一篇议论文煤烟、炭黑、甲烷以及城市烟雾中拓森森棋厂还!常被称为“短期气候污染物质”它们不仅影响了气候变化，而且会对人类身体健康造成|损害
9.The underlinedword Theyin thesecond paragraphprobably refersto66，，*A.Climate pollutantsB.DiseasesC.Deaths D.Infections解析选代词指代题根据语境可推测出，该代词在此处指“气候污染物”A
10.What canwe inferfrom thethird paragraphA.Climate changeis causedby the climate pollutants.B.We don t need to payattention totheclimatepollutants.C.The climatepollutants aremore harmfulthan carbondioxide.D.The climatepollutants areeasier todisappear thancarbondioxide.解析选推理判断题根据第三段，相比于二氧化碳，这些空气污染物在大气中停留时D间较短，故更容易消失
11.From thelast paragraphwe canknow that・A.all of the low-income familieshave abalanced dietB.eating plant-based foodscan stopthe gasproductionC.people hatetohaveanimal-sourced foodsin theirdietsD.more effortsshould bemade toimprove publictransport解析选细节理解题根据最后一段第一和第二句可知，为了减少大气污染物的排放，D需要增加投资来改善公共交通
12.What doesthis textmainly talkaboutA.A kindof pollutantthat isdifHcult todeal with.B.The climatepollutantscancause seriousdiseases.C.WHO smethods tocontrol theclimatepollutants.D.The harmof theclimatepollutantsand waysto reducethem.解析选主旨大意题根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了大气污染物的危害以及相应的D治理措施II.阅读七选五Do youoften feelstressed outwith toomuch workThe trickis toorganize yourtasks anduseyour timeefficiently.This canhelp youtoreducestress anddo betterat yourworkplace.Timemanagement isa skillthat takestimetodevelop andis differentfor eachperson.[Use sometipslisted belowfor fewweeks andsee ifthey canhelp you.（优先处理）Prioritize work.Before thestart of the day,make alist oftasks thatneed yourimmediateattention asunimportant taskscan costmuch ofyour valuabletime.Some tasksneed tobecompleted onthat dayonly.—2In short,prioritize yourtasks tofocus onthose that are moreimportant.Avoid stress.Stress oftenhappens whenwe acceptmore workthan ourability.3Instead,try togivesome tasksto othersand makesure toleave sometime forrelaxation.Start early.Most ofthe successfulmen andwomen haveone thingin common.4When yougetup early,you aremore calm,creative,and clear-headed.As theday progresses,your energylevelsstart goingdown,which affectsyour efficiencyand youdon tperform aswell.5Whenever youfind yourselffor10_15minutes,take abreak.Too muchstress canhave ahadinfluence onyour bodyand affectyour efficiency.Take awalk,listen tosome musicor dosomequick stretches.The bestidea isto take off fromwork andspend timewith yourfriends andfamily.A.Set uptime limits.B.Take somebreaks.C.You justneedtofind whatworks bestfor you.D.However,other unimportanttasks couldbe putoff tonext day.E.The truthis that we dobetter whenwe concentrateon onething.F.They starttheir dayearly asit givesthem timeto sit,think,and plantheir day.G.The resultisthatour bodystarts feelingtired,which canaffect ourefficiency.答案1〜5CDGFB
①Think of…and youthink of…为祈使句+and+陈述句”结构
②carnival/ka:nIvl/〃・狂欢节
③costume/，kDstju:m/〃,服装；戏装；化装服杂乱；混乱©confusion/kan^u:
⑥现在分词短语作定语，相当于“meaning…”“which means
⑦where it began为定语从句,修饰先行词Europeo
⑥.If thekey®to Riois musicand movement,then inVenice it isthemystery ofthe mask.As youwander©through the streets,you seethousandsof masks—elegant®or frightening,sad oramusing,traditional ormodern—but youhave noidea成娱gS
①febtodlh刎lOfiklike®・Nobody takesthem off®.If the masks come off®，the magic©is lost..预订©book/buk/作为动词用来指预订“房间、票、座位”等挤满©be crowdedwith
⑥quite为副词，此处用来加强语气@be（not）thesameas…与...（不）一样关键；答案（常与介词连用）@key n.to©wander/1wnnda/ri.步；闲逛想知道，纳闷wonder v.〃/.优美的；高雅的®elegant/elIg0nt/为同位语从句，作的同位语®what thefaces behindthem looklike idea除去，去掉，摘下㉚takeoff应掉落，脱落，摘掉comeoff旬〃.魔力；魅力magic/maed3lk/|［第段译文］6如今，威尼斯狂欢节的庆祝活动在二月进行，历时五天来自欧洲各国的人们在此尽情娱乐旅店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道上挤满了身着华美服饰的人德语、法语和英语似乎成为主要语言但威尼斯狂欢节的本质与美洲狂欢节有所不同如果在里约热内卢，狂欢节主要是音乐和游行的话，那么在威尼斯，则是面具的神秘当你漫步街头时，你会看到成千上万张面具——高雅的、可怕的、忧伤的、有趣的、传统的或时尚的——但你并|不知I道面具后面的那些面孔是什么样没有人摘下面具如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失］I_____________________Step1Pre-reading［Ipiease matchthe wordswith theirproper meanings.
1.elegant A.to behaveas ifsomething istrue
2.bookB.having specialpowers
3.magicC.to moveslowly withouta direction
4.wanderD.to arrangewith ahotel
5.PretendE.the pointfrom whichsth.starts
6.originF.very beautifuland gentle
7.costumeG.a groupof countriesthatarecontrolled byone ruler
8.empireH.clothes］〜56~8答案1〜5FDBCA6〜8EHGDLead-inDo youknow somefamous festivalsintheworldAnd canyou tellsomething aboutthem参考答案丫There arepian festis DayjnChina,」_WomenDuy,_APril_F°olsfestivals,peoplealwaystake partin someactivities inmemoryofsomething.For example,on NewYears Evemeopleoften lathertogether tocelebrate theend ofthe coldwintei;and thebegirniing—Ofanothe匚year,_wtc・Step2-While-readingIlFast-reading
1.Read thepassage quicklyand choosethe mainidea.A.Different carnivals.B.The originsof carnival.C.Special food.D.Carnival inVenice.答案D
2.Find outthe mainidea ofeach paragraph.lPara.lA.the meaningof carnivaland howit was celebrated2Para.2B.thelawabout wearingmasks3Para.3C.the generalimpression ofcarnival4Para.4D.how carnivaliscelebratedtoday inVenice andthe featureof it5Para.5E.carnival inVenice andthe problemsit caused6Para.6F.the revivalofthetraditionofcelebrating carnival_______________⑴〜⑹答案1〜6CAEBFD0Careful-readingChoose the best answersaccording tothe text.
1.At carnivalpeopleA.don,t eatmeat B.drink,eat anddress upC.don twear masksD.dontwaste lotsof money
2.The firstcarnivalinVenice lastedfor・A.one dayB.one weekC.forty daysD.three days
3.The governmentinVenicedidn,tallowpeople towearmasksbecauseA.making maskswasted lotsof moneyB.they didn,t likepeople wearingmasksC.some ofthemaskslooked veryfrighteningD.many crimeswere committedby thepeople wearingmasks
4.The mainreason for the revivalof Carnivalwas probablythat・A.both theyoung andthe oldliked itvery muchB.masks weremagical andattractiveC.Carnival contributedtothedevelopment ofbusinessD.it wasgood forstudents todevelop theircommunication skills
5.What isthespiritofthecarnivalinVeniceA.The musicand movement.B.The mysteryofmask.C.The wonderfulcostumes.D.The soundsand sights.答案1-5BADCBElstudy-readingAnalyze thefollowing difflcultsentences inthe text.
1.In Europe,where itbegan,carnival wasfollowedbyforty dayswithout meat,as peopleprepared forthe Christian festival of Easter.［句式分析］地点状语非限制性In Europe,where itbegan,camivalwas followedbyforty dayswithout meat,定语从句主语谓语状语定语，修饰days引导的时间状语从句as peoplepreparedfortheChristianfestivalofEaster.as「尝试翻译欧洲是狂欢节的发源地，在那里，狂欢节过后人们会有天不吃肉，在这期间，140人们为基督教的节日——复活节做准备
2.As timepassed,however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended,so thatitbeganjust afterChristmas.［句式分析］尝试翻译然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节ri就开始了一
3.For weekson endpeople walked roundthestreets wearingmasks,doing whatthey wantedwithoutbeing recognised.［句式分析］Fur weekson endpeoplewalkedroundthestreets时间状语主句现在分词作伴随状语wearingmasks,「引导的宾语从句，在从句中作宾语3what whatdoing wdatthey wantedwithoutbeing recognised.现在分词作伴随状语「尝试翻译连续几个星期人们戴着面具走在街上，为所欲为而不会被认出来
1.阅读理解IAMany Americansbelieve thatour presentnational holidaycalled Thanksgivingoriginated withafeast celebratedby Pilgrimswho arrivedontheshores ofAmerica in
1620.Some peoplesurviveddue tothe helpfromalocal Indiantribe.During thenext springthe Indianstaught themhow togrowand cultivatethe crops.In thefall of1621they simplycelebrated a traditional English AutumnHarvest Festival.This isthe creditofthe first Thanksgiving.As timewent on,Thanksgiving wascelebrated throughvarious governmentalannouncements.Cities,counties andstate governmentscontinued theirregional observanceuntil
1863.The BattleofGettysburg foughton July4th,1863became aUnion victorythat representedthe turningpoint oftheAmerican CivilWar.In honorof thisevent,two nationalThanksgivings weredeclared byPresident Lincoln.The firstholiday honoredthe victoryat Gettysburgon August6th.The secondeventwascelebratedonthelast Thursdayin Novemberand becamethe permanentholiday withwhichwe arefamiliare Lincoln9s declarationwas motivatedby theefforts ofSarah JosephaHale,aneditor ofa popularwomen smagazine whostarted anational drivefor Thanksgivingas earlyas
1827.During theend ofthe19th century,Thanksgiving withits NewEngland influencewascommonly represented by turkeys,a largefeast andlarge familyreunions.The Pilgrimswerenotinevidence duringthese earlycelebrations norwas therea cozyrelationship withthe Indians.The dawnofthe20th centurysaw Thanksgivingdevelop intoits presentform.Now thatthe（相Indians wereno longera threat,pictures ofAmericans andIndians intheir familiarcongruent配的，符合的）setting emergedand becamepopular.The300th anniversaryofthePilgrim slandingin America in1920strengthened themodern symbolismand meaningthatweattribute toourpresent daycelebrations.语篇解读；本文讲述了人们是怎样庆祝第一个感恩节的「让读者了解了胸吊鬲由素和人们庆祝感恩节的活动变化过程
1.What sthebesttitle forthe passageA.How tocelebrate Thanksgiving around theworldB.The first Thanksgiving andits developmentC.Various celebrationactivities of Thanksgivingaroundthe worldD.Two nationalThanksgiving declared by Lincoln解析选标题归纳题由每段段首的句意可推知本文是按照时间的先后顺序来写的，纵观B全文可知主要讲述第一个感恩节的由来和人们庆祝第一个感恩节的活动，故选项B
2.Who celebratedthefirstThanksgivingA.Indians.B.Europeans.C.President Lincoln.D.Pilgrims.解析选细节理解题由第一段第一句可知许多美国人认为，现在所谓的感恩节起源于D1620年抵达美国海岸的清教徒所庆祝的节日，故选项D
3.Which isthe rightorder ofthe eventsforthefirstThanksgiving©Thanksgiving wasrepresentedbyturkeys,a largefeast andlarge familyreunions.
②Two nationalThanksgivings weredeclaredbyPresidentLincoln.
③Indians andPilgrims celebratedatraditionalEnglishAutumnHarvest Festival.
④Pilgrims arrivedontheshores ofAmerica.A.
④③②①B.
④③①②C.
④②③①D.
④②①③解析选推理判断题由第一段可知先是一些清教徒来到美国海岸，受到印第安人的帮助，A之后于年庆祝传统的英国秋收节，由此排除、两项，然后根据第
二、三段内容可知，先1621C D是出现美国总统林肯宣布的两个全国性感恩节，才出现后来的以火鸡、大餐和家庭团聚为主要特征的庆祝活动故选项A
4.The year2020will bethe anniversaryofThanksgiving.A.200th B.300thC.400th D.500th解析选推理判断题由文章最后一句C“The300th anniversaryofthePilgrim slanding in可知，年是感恩节周年庆，可推知年将是周年庆，故选Americain1920…”19203002020400C项BThere area numberof specialdays oftheyearthatarecelebrated indifferent countries.Theorigins ofmost ofthe daysare unknown.They werecertainly notcreated byindividual people.Otherdays,however,especially thosecelebrated inwestern countries,often owetheir originsto aparticularperson.One ofthemostpopular ofthese,even thoughitisfairly recent,is Mother,sDay.Mothers havealways beenhighly regardedin allcultures.The ancientRomans hada festivalknownas Hilario,during whichchildren tookpresents tothe templeofthe“Mother ofthe Gods”.TheChristian Churchadopted thisidea andcalled itMothering Sunday.However,overtheyears thiscustomwas graduallyforgotten andalmost disappearedbytheend ofthe19thcentury.Born in1864inVirginia,USA,AnnaJarviswasaschool teacherand believedchildren shouldshowgratitude totheir mothersfor alltheir loveand care.Encouraged bya friend,。
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