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第四讲动词和动词短语概说动词是表示动作或状态的词英语动词有人称、数、情态、时态、语态和语气等多个语法范畴动词根据其意义可以分为实义动词、助动词和情态动词实义动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词,连系动词介乎二者之间,反身动词则是一种特殊的及物动词动词也可以根据形式分为限定动词和非限定动词.限定动词可以构成短语在句子中作谓语,非限定动词构成的短语在句子中不能作谓语,但是可以起名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的作用动词还可以根据其语义分为动态动词和静态动词两种英语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数现在式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词后面四种形式都是根据前面一种形式即动词原形变化而成的.这种变化有一定的规则按照规则变化的动词叫做规则动词;不按照规则变化的动词叫做不规则动词短语动词是一种动词加副词或介词的组合,其作用相当于一个动词与动词组成短语动词的副词或介词统称为小品词短语动词有五大类,即动词+副词(I);动词+副词(II);动词+介词;动词+名词+介词;动词+副词+介词重点动词的种类;短语动词的种类难点规则动词和不规则动词的形式内容
(一)动词一\动词概述1o1定义:动词是表示动作或状态的词.表动作walk greetgive defeatI iberateperform表》夫态I i ve sI eep hear seeth i nk hurt词和介词是固定的,而名词短语是可以替换的Why doesn,t shemake useof hersinging talentYoushouId paymore attention to yourheaIthoThey pliedthe youngman withfoodoThi sclothing wiI I protect youfrom theworst weather.2o5动词+副词+介词必须有宾语,相当于及物动词.I reachedout to Annie,s handoAftertea,they wentup to the bedroomand waitedoHecame up to themand asked in English.讲练结合
(一)动词
1.o I don tknow therestaurant,but its tobe quitea good oneoAo saidBo toldC.spoken DtaIked
2.—What didyou thinkof herspeech—She forone hourbut didnt much.Ao spoke;speak B.spoke;sayC.said;speak D.said;say
3.You reyour timetrying topersuade him;he I I neverjoin usoA.spend i ng B.wast i ngC.losing D.missing
4.Al I the Ieadingnewspapers thetrade taIks between Chinaand theUnited States.Ao reportedC.B.pr i ntedannounced D.pub Ii shed ingoto theseas i de goodto Iiein thesun orswim i5o I Iove ton thesummer Itocoo I seaoB.fee I sA.doesCo getsD.makes
6.They thetrain untiI it disappearedin thedistance.Ao sawBo watchedC.not i ced Do observed
7.—Do youthink theStars wiI I beat the BuiIs—Yes.They havebetter pIayers,so Ithem towin.A.hope BopreferC.expect Dowant80him and then tryto copywhat hedoes.A.Mind BoGIance atC.Stare atDo Watch9o LetHarry pIay withyour toys as well,CI are,you mustI earntoA.support BocareCo spareDo share
10.As wejoined thebig crowdI gotfrom myfr iends.・Ao separatedB sparedC.I ostD.missed
11.The taxidr i ver often reminds passengersto theirbe Iongi ngs when they Ieavethe car.Ao keep Bo catchDCoho Id take.
12.If anybodycal Is,teI Ithem I m out,and askthem to the i r namesand addresses.A.pass B.wr iteCo takeD.I eave13o Thething that i snot whetheryou faiIor not,but whetheryou tryor notA.matters B.caresC.cons iders Dominds
14.-The carsgive offa greatdeaI ofwaste gas into streets.—Yeso ButImsure somethingwiI Ibe doneto a i rpoI Iut i onoAoreduce BoremoveC.collect Dowarn15o—May Ispeak toMr Thomas,pI ease-Im afraidhe isnt in.Would youIike toa messageA.take BowriteC.I eaveDo teI I16o Themanager hasto improvethe workingconditions in the companyoA.accepted B.a I I owedCopermitted Doagreed
17.Go andjoin in the party.it tome to do thewashing-up.Ao Get.B.Rema i nCo LeaveD Sendo(伴侣)18Mary finalI yBruce asher Ii fe—I ongcompan i onoAo recei vedB.acceptedCo madeD honoredo
19.Some passengerscomp lainthat it usuaIIy so Iong tofill i n traveIi nsurance documents.Ao costsB.takesC.spends D.spares
20.N ick i s Iooki ngfor anotherjob becausehe feeIs thatnoth i ng hedoes h i s boss.A.serves BsatisfiesoCo promisesD supportso
21.Have agood rest;you needto yourenergy for the tennismatch thisaftern oonoA.I eave.B saveoC.hold Do take22o—Why havent youbought anybutter—I to,but I forgot aboutit.A.I iked.B wishedComeant.D.expected
23.—When shaII westart—Let it8:30oIs that a II r ightAo set.Bo meetComake D.take
24.-Mummy,can I put thepeaches i nthecupboard—No,dear.They dont well.Put them i nthe fr idge i nstead.A.keepBfito
0.get D.I ast
25.It seemsdifficult tohurt”from“injure”in meaningoA.judge B.teI ICodivide D.separate26o Aman i sbei ngquestioned i nreI ati on tothemurder IastnightAo advi sed B.attendedC.attempted D.admitted27o Theyve us$150,000for thehouse ShaIIwe take itoA.prov ided BsuppI i edCo shown Do offered28o Happybi rthday,Al ice!So youhave twenty—one aI ready!Ao becomeB turnedo・C.grown Dpassed29o Theevening newscomes onat seveno cIockand onIy th i rtymi nutesoA.keeps Bcont inuesC.finishes D.Iasts30o Ifyou arefee Ii ng sotired,perhaps aIittIe sIeepwouIdAo actBo he IpC.serve DoI ast【答案与解析】固定搭配题中是代…据说某人或某物…1o Aoit therestauranto sb/sth besaid to词义辨析除可接表示语言的名词作宾语外,一般作不及物动词,且着重说话的动作过程;2o Bospeak是及物动词,着重说话的内容.第一空后无宾语,用第二空后有代词作宾语,用say speak,much say语境选择由“他决不会加入我们”可知“你试图劝服他“你是“浪费()时间3o Bowaste”
4.语境选择(报道);(印刷);(宣布);(出版)Ao reportpr int announcepub Ii sh语境选择由可知应选连系动词,排除和;躺在阳光下或在凉爽的海水里游泳“感觉()真5o Bogood AD feel”好,而非“变得()好get”词义辨析由可知,要用延续性动词,排除和他们“注视()火车,而不需仔细“观察(6o Bountil AC;watch“observe二)vwatch carefulyo语境与词义.根据“他们有更好的运动员”可以“预料()他们会赢,而不是“更喜欢()或7o Coexpectprefer“想要()他们赢不可接want”hope sb to do sth词义辨析模仿前需要“观察(),而不是“快速地看一下()或“盯着看(),更不是8o Dowatch”glance”sta re”“照看()mind”语境选择让和你玩你的玩具,这是“分享(),而不是“支持()“注意()“抽9o DoHarry share”support”care出(时间)()Hspareo搭配与常识只有能与连用与…分散了常识走进人群,我与朋
10.Ao separatedfrom get/be separatedfrom友们不会丢失或抽出,而是分散语境选择乘客下车时,司机提醒乘客把自己的东西“带走()
11.Dotakeo固定搭配留下姓名和地址12o Doleave onesname andaddress语境选择要紧、重要二是定语从句.13oA.matter thatmatters thatis important语境选择(减少);(移开);(收集);(警告).
14.A.reduce removecollect warn留个口信;给某人捎个口信
15.Co Ieave a message takeamessagefor sb习惯搭配不接不定式;不能直接接不定式,要接或只有后可以接
160.D..accept allow=permit doingsbto do;agree表示“同意做…”.todo,搭配与词义把某事物留给某人题中是形式宾语,真宾语是
161.Co leavesth to sb ittodo搭配与词义.辛口内衔?/相信…是…
180.Bo accepts词语辨析能用形式主语句式的只有和又因一般只以钱作宾语,而既可用钱又可用时19o Bocost take;cost take间作宾语语境选择使某人满意;为某人服务;答应某人;支持某人
200.Bo satisfysb servesb promisesb support sb语境选择()储蓄;积蓄力量/留着劲儿.离
201.Bo save=keep sthfor futureuse saveone senergy/strength leave开、留下;保持(姿态)hold语境辨义由可知“原本打算”去买的,打算做某事
202.C.but Iforgot aboutit.mean todosth固定搭配+时间”意为“就定在…时间吧”.
203.Co“make it语境选择由和两个地点看,是为了把“保存()好合身;(时
204.Ao cupboardf ridge peacheskeep”fit last+间段)持续多久搭配与词义分辨和把和分离开
250.Bo.tell Afrom BA Bseparate Afrom BA Bo因为意为“企图谋杀犯”几个选项的意思是建议;出席、注意、照
260.Co the attempted murderadvise attend顾;企图;允许某人进来、接受某人入学、容纳、承认attempt admit因为和后不接双宾语,表示“给某人提供某物”的其搭配是或
270.D.A Bprovide/supply sb.with sth.;provide sth虽然和都可接双宾语,但是“给某人看某物”之意,与题意不符;是“提for sb./supply sthtosb;C Dshow showo供、出价”之意.句意是:他们出万美元向我们买这座房子,我们该接受吗?顺便说说,此句与《朗文英汉双解词15典》词条中的一个例句几乎一样offer Theyve offered us$75,000forthehouse ShouId wetake ito因为可以表示“达到或超过(某个年龄或时间)”,而其它几个不能.句意是艾丽丝,祝你生
271.o Boturn日快乐!你已经满周岁了另外,和后都可接名词,但后的单数名词前通常不要冠词;表21turn becometurn become示业已完成,所以表示将来要用代替;着重渐变的过程,且多指由小变大或由少变多,反之则用be growbecome.因为指保持某种状态,不用来指持续多久;是短暂性动词,不与时间段连用;虽
272.Do keepfinishes continue可指持续多久,但时间段前通常要用而表示持续多久,其后的时间段前通常省略for;last foro因为(服务)和(持续)很容易排除意为“有帮助、有用、减轻、补救、治疗仁)
273.B.serve Iast helpmake bettern而则意为“起作用、生效仁)显然,前者是起好作用,而后者则不一定,因此,最佳;act producean effect;work”B
(二)动词短语1oI can hardIy hearthe radio WouId youpI easeoCoturn it up D.turn itoffAo turn it onB.turn itdown
2.It iswise tohave some money foroId ageAoput away B keptupoDo laidup3o Shehis numberinthephone bookto makesure that she hadgot itright.C.given awayA.Iooked up Bo IookedforC.picked out D.p ieked up4Nobody noticedthe th i efslip i nto thehouse becausethe Ii ghts happenedtoOA.be put upBogive inC.be turnedon D.go out
5.We didnt pI an ourart exhibitionIi kethat butit verywell.Ao workedout Btr i ed outCowent onD carriedon
6.We thoughtof sellingthis oIdfurniture,but weve decidedto itIt might bevaIuabIe.A.ho IdontoB keep up withoCoturn to Do Iookafter
7.News reportssay peacetaIks betweenthe twocountr ieswith noagreement reached.A.have brokendown Bhave brokenoutoC.have brokeninDo havebroken up
8.Im pIann i ngto ho Id aparty intheopen air,depends onbutIcanmake noguarantees becauseit theweatherodec ides onAoI inkswith B.the meaningof thephraseCo connectsto Dturn out9o Canyou makea sentencetotake inAo showoff Bothehe IpIessneoforder andthe badweatherC.br i ng outD.10o Theengine of the shipwas outss ofthe crewresultedfromat seamadeupA.added toB.s going tothep I anCo turnedoutD.一11o Itsagood ideao Butwho carry out・Ao keep up withB putup with—Ith i nkTom andGrey will.Ao setaside BCotakeinDo12oWouId yous Iowdown a bit Ican tyouoC.make uptoD.hoIdonto
13.-Smoking isbad foryour health.—Yes Iknowo ButI simplycan t.Ao give it upB.give itinCo giveit outD.giveitaway14His motherhad thoughtit wouIdbe goodfor hischaracter tofrom home and earnsomemoneyon hisown.oAo runawayB.take awayC.keep awayDo get away
15.Ifyou anyprob Iems whenyou arriveat theai rport,give mea ring.Ao come up withB setaboutoCo runi ntoD.put aside16o Theidea puzzIedme somuch thatI stopped for a few secondsto trytooA.make itout Bmake itoffCo makeitup D makeit overo
17.Don tmerition thatatthebeginning ofthe story,or itmay theshocking endi ngoA.give awayB.give outC.give upDo give off
18.We regoingtowith somefr iendsfor apicnic.WouId youI iketo joinusAo getinB.get overC.getaIong D.get together
19.He wasin hospitaIfor sixmonths Hefelt asif hewas fromthe outsidew orIdooA.cut outBo cutoffCo cutupD.cut through20o Insome westerncountr i es,demand forgraduates fromMBA courseshas.A.turned downB turnedoveroC.fa II endown D.fa II enover【答案与详解】调大(收音机、电视机等的)音量;开(收音机、电视机);调小音量;关1o Coturn upturn onturn downturn off掉储蓄(钱以备用),教材上未出现过此意,因此当年只有的同学选对;维持、使…不
2.A.put away21%keepup下落;储存某物lay up(在书中)查寻;寻找;挑选出;捡起、用车接(人)或搭客、便宜买到、得3o AoIook up Iook forpick outpick up到、学会(灯、火等)熄灭;举起、张贴;屈服;打开(电视、收音机、水龙头等)4o Dogo outputupgive inturn on在课本中只出现过“计算出;解答出”之意,但在本题中意为“结果是;以某种方式发展”句5o Aowork out意为“虽然…但结果很不错试验;继续;继续下去try outgo oncarry on教材中只学过“别挂电话”的但句中意为“保留;不放弃(所拥有之物)
(二)
6.A.hold onhold onto tryto keep”.o句意为“我们曾考虑过卖掉这件旧家具,但我们现在已经决定保留它,它可能有价值.赶上;转向、keepup with turnto求助于教材中作“分解”讲,但在本题中却意为“失败爆发;闯入、插嘴;
70.A.break down”.break outbreak inbreak up分解、驱散、结束.取决于、依赖;联系着;连接;决定(做某事).
71.B.depend onlink withconnect todecide on使清楚、说明;炫耀(贬);露面;吸入
72.Co bringout showoff turnout takein增加(=)产生于(某原因);生产出、培养出;
73.A.add toincrease;result fromturnoutmake编造、组成up实现或完成(计划、任务等)、进行(实验);搁置;吸收;完
74.carryoutset asidetake ing etthrough withsthBo成某事.跟上某人;忍受或容忍某人;讨好或巴结某人;抓
75.Ao keepup withsb putupwithsb make uptosb hoIdontosb住某人放弃、戒掉;投降(不可接宾语);分发;赠送、泄露.
130.give upgive ingive outgive awayAo离开、逃脱、逃避;带走(后面要接宾语);不要靠近
131.get awaytake awaykeep away from runawayfromhomeDo离家出走遭遇(困难或问题)、偶遇某人;找到答案、提出办法;开始(某事);
150.run intocomeupwith setabout putasideCo把某物放到一边、储存理解、弄明白;匆匆逃走;虚构;改变
160.A.make outmake offmakeupmake over泄露;分发;放弃;散发句意为别在故事开头时提这件事,否则会把
171.Do gettogether getin;意为“爬过,克服,熬过;意为“与相处”get overget alongwith比较意为“切断,剥夺”,与语境符合意为“切掉,裁剪出,意为“切碎,歼灭”,
190.Bo cutoff cutout cutup意为“刺穿,抄近路”,均不符合语境cut through倒下、跪拜、下降;拒绝、关小;打翻、翻身、反复考虑、营业额达到;
191.fa II downturn downturn overoCo千跌倒.all over
1.2语法特征:1o英语动词有人称、数、情态、时态、语态和语气等多个语法范畴It feeIsabittense.(第三人称单数)Together theywrote TheCommuni stMani festo(T殳过去式)oWe caninvite themto ourparty(情态意义)oThe waterwas notataIIpol lutedo(被动语态)We tooka taxi totheairportOtherwi sewe wouIdhave beenIate(虚拟语气)oo
2.动词有限定形式和非限定形式,两种动词形式和功能不同但意义相同He smokeso(限定形式)To smokeI ikethat mustbe dangerous.(4E限定形式)
3.动词可以为副词所修饰He wassmiling hopefuIIyoYou arefee Iing happytodayo
4.及物动词必须有名词短语或相当于名词短语的词语作宾语She pickedafewappIes formeo
5.动词有独特的前缀和后缀形式.widen strengthenquicken sympathizememor izesymboIize动态动词----------按语义分_—静态动词动词根据其意义可以分为两大类第一大类是实义动词,实义动词是意义词,有实义,可以担任动词短语的中心词实义动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词,连系动词介乎二者之间,反身动词则是一种特殊的及物动词第二大类是助动词和情态动词,它们都是功能词.助动词只有五个,没有任何意义,它们只是在动词短语中帮助实义动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构情态动词只有情态意义,不能单独使用动词也可以根据形式分为限定动词和非限定动词限定动词可以构成短语在句子中作谓语,非限定动词构成的短语在句子中不能作谓语,但是可以起名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的作用.动词还可以根据其语义分为动态动词和静态动词两种
2.1及物动词和不及物动词1o及物动词的特征就是要求有宾语所谓及物就是主体把动作传达到客体上,物是泛指,既可是物也可是人只有及物动词可以使用被动语态.及物动词分三类单宾语及物动词、双宾语及物动词和复合宾语及物动词Final lyhe discoveredthe trutho(单宾语)Dont forgetto buymeabox ofbiscuits(双宾语)oShe hadcut herha ir veryshorto(复合宾语)
2.不及物动词的特征就是不能使用宾语Many otherstrugg Iesfol lowed.In1789hisbigchance fora majorexped itioncame.3o及物动词有时可以用作不及物动词,反之亦然.They wiII openthe portto foreignshipsoHis understandingopened withthe years.
4.反身动词是一种必须用反身代词作宾语的及物动词,数量不多Why didyou absentyourseIf fromschoool yestoday
2.2连系动词1o连系动词是一种表谓语关系的动词,它必须后接表语.Be是最基本的连系动词My nameisDav id.After all,the baIIisvery important.They areof greathe Ipto Iearners ofEngli sh.
2.表示感觉和知觉的动词也是连系动词He Iooksa nice,re IiabIemanoWhat areyou cookingIt smeI Is delicious.★常用的连系动词有appear becomecome faIIget gogrowkeep makeprove remainseem turn
2.3助动词和情态动词2o4限定动词和非限定动词限定动词可以构成短语在句子中作谓语,非限定动词构成的短语在句子中不能作谓语,但是可以起名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的作用At presentdeve Ioped countriesuse toomuch energy.(限定动】司)The woodcutterwas standingnext toa faIIen tree,with manysma IIpi ecesof woodinfrontof him(限定动词)oHis friends tr ied toencourage him(mFF艮定动力司)o2o5动态动词和静态动词
1.动态动词大致可以分为四类无限动词动作历时无限的动词如dr ink,eat,read,write,p Iay,ta Ik,Iive,study等有限动词:动作历时有限的动词如bind,produce,bui Id,make,create,mend等瞬间动词动作历时极为短暂的动词.如hit,jump,tap,knock等重复动词动作历时不断重复的动词如giggle,struggle等
2.静态动词也可以分为四类心理动词表示心理活动的动词如want,know,think,be Iieve,forget,understand等情感动词表示情绪反应的动词.如care,detest,envy,fear,hate,I ike等感知动词表示感觉、感知的动词如feel,hurt,see,hear,smeII,taste等.关系动词表示各种关系的动词如be Iong,compare,ex ist,contain等三.动词的形式英语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数现在式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词后面四种形式都是根据前面一种形式即动词原形变化而成的这种变化有一定的规则按照规则变化的动词叫做规则动词;不按照规则变化的动词叫做不规则动词第三人称单数现在原形现在分词过去式过去分词式work worksworking workedworkedhe Iphe I pshelping heI pedheIpedplay p I aysplaying pIayedpIayed
3.1规则动词的形I ookI ookslooking IookedIooked
1.动词原形是前面不加to的动词不定式形式,也就是在辞典词目中所使用的动词形式.2o第三人称单数现在式就是当主语是第三人称单数而动词是一般现在时态时应该使用的形式.★规则第三人称单数现在式一般有二由动词原形加一s构成I ock----------1ocks Iove---------1oves Iead-----------------1eads save-----------------savesshout---------shouts1以发噬擦音的-s,-ch,-z,-sh,-x等字母结尾的原形动词,加一es.pass---------passes catch----------catches buzz-----------buzzes mi x--------mixes2以辅音字母加一y结尾的原形动词,要变y为i再加-es如一y前面是元音字母则不变study----------syudies carry--------------------carr iestry--------------------tr iesstay-----------------staysp Iay----p Iays
3.现在分词★规则一般由动词原形加-ing构成.ask---------ask ing suffer----------suffer ing respect--------respect ing1以不发音的一e结尾的动词,须去掉e再加一ingobe Iieve-------be Iieving bI ame--------b lamingdevote----------devot ing2动词是闭音节的单音节词,或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,这个辅音字母须双写,然后再加-ing.stop---------stopp ing nod----------nodd ing pIan-----pIanning3少数几个以-ie结尾的单音节词,须变ie为y,再加一ingodying Iie lyingtie tying
4.过去式和过去分词:★规则规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形,由动词原形加一ed构成work--------worked heIp---------heIpedf ini sh----finished
①在以一e结尾的动词后加一dohope------hoped joke-----------joked Ii ke----------1i ked
②在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后,先将y变为i再加-edcarry-------carr iedstudy-----------stud iestry------------tried
③以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时,须双写这个辅音字母再加一edoc Iap--------c Iapped stop----------stopped pIan--------pIanned3o2不规则动词的形式所谓不规则变化,指的是后面两种形式,即过去式和过去分词,前面两种形式即第三人称单数现在式和现在分词永远是规则的现代英语中不规则动词的总数不过200多个,但是它们的使用频率却相当高.不规则动词可以分为三类第三人称单数现在原形现在分词过去式过去分词式cut cutscutt ing cutcutsit sitssitting satsathold ho1ds holdingheld heldbreakbreaks breakingbroke broken
1.第一类不规则动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形.burst---------burst--------burst cast---------cast-------cast cost-------cost------costcut-------cut---------cutshed---------shed-----------shed put-----------put-----------put shut-------shut------shuth it----hit------hitset-------set-------set Iet-------1et------1et
2.第二类不规则动词过去式和过去分词同形bend--------bent----------bent bui Id-------built-----------bui Itcreep---------------crept--------creptd ig--dug----------dugf Iee---千I ed-----f Ied keep-------kept---------kept Ieave---------1eft------1eftget-----got----------got/gottenhang---------hung/hanged---------hung/hanged Iight------------------1it/1ighted-----1it/1ighted3,第三类不规则动词原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同.do-----------did----done rise------rose-----------risen see-------saw-------seenspeak------spoke--------spokengo-----------went-------gone beg in---------began------------begun give----------gave--------givenbear--------bore----------born/borne forget---------------forgot--------forgotten/forgot二短语动词一.短语动词概述1o1短语动词的定义短语动词是一种动词加副词或介词的组合,其作用相当于一个动词1o2小品词的含义与动词组成短语动词的副词或介词统称为小品词,小品词在形态上是不变的不是所有的副词和介词都可以与动词组成短语动词.小品词一般可分三类只用作副词的away,back,out,together等;只用作介词的against,as,among,at,for,into,of,upon,with等;兼用作副词和介词的about,after,along,before,by,down,off,over等1o3搭配形式在英语中,动词与副词或介词搭配有三种形式
1.非习语性组合这是一种自由组合在这种组合中,动词与副词或介词可以自由替换,而且各自保持着原来的词汇意义.Tea wasbrought in,but noone touchedit.The oIdman broughtout30years oIdport winefor us.2o半习语性组合这种组合相对比较固定,不能随便用一个动词替换另一个动词,或者用一个副词或介词替换另一个副词或介词.在这种组合中,动词保留了原来的意义,但是副词或介词的意义不太容易分辨出来Her parentsfound outthatshehad aboyf riend.He alwayscuts
⑨o hisfood beforehe eatsit
3.全习语性组合这种组合非常固定,动词与副词或介词都不能随便替换在这种组合中,动词与副词或介词一起产生出一种惯用意义Joe wasborn in Texasbut broughtup in OkIahomaoThe poIice haveturned upa lotof newinformation aboutthe wantedman.二.短语动词的种类2o1动词+副词(I):相当于不及物动词,不能有宾语.How didthese differencescome aboutFiercewars betweenNative Americans andEuropean settIers brokeout
2.2动词+副词(II):相当于及物动词,必须有宾语Please turnoff theelectr icityandthewater atthe endoftheweekoAfter thewar,he marriedand setup homeinLondon.2o3动词+介词相当于及物动词,因为介词必须有宾语After manyhours talk,the committeearrived ata decisionoWhichpieces ofadvice doyou disagreewith
2.4动词+名词(短语)+介词相当于及物动词,名词或名词短语是动词的宾语,介词也必须有宾语.这类短语动词又可分为两类,在第一类中,动词、名词和介词是固定的;在第二类中,动。
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