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Section IIGrammar——限制性定语从句
①that和which的用法关系代词
②who和whom的用限的用法制法
③whose的用法性
①when指时间定关系副词语
②where指地点的用法从
③why指原因或理由句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句［思维导图］,•陶密精析•,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句
一、关系代词的用法指代在定语从句中充当的成分关系代词人物句子主语宾语表语定语who V V VwhomV VthatV V V VVwhich VVVVwhose VV VasJ VVVV Vl.that和which的用法lwhich指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略Please finda roomwhich/that isbig enoughfor all of usto livein.请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间This isthe housewhich/that webought lastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子The manthat wehave justseen is a famouswriter.我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位着名的作家Shanghai isno longerthe citythat itused tobe.上海不再是过去的那座城市了2在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况
①先行词是all,little,few,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等不定代词时Can yougive meanything that has nosugar inside能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？
②当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时This isthe firstletter thathe haswritten tome.这是他给我写的第一封信Guilin isthe mostbeautiful citythat Ihave evervisited.桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市
③当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the right等修饰时He isthe veryperson thatthey arelooking for.他正是他们在找的人
④当先行词既有人又有物时They talkedabout thethings andpersons thatthey couldremember in the school.他们谈论了他们能记起的在这所学校的事和人
⑤当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时3在限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况关系代词前有介词时，一般用which,而不用thatoThis isthe roomin whichhe lives.这是他居住的房间
2.who和whom的用法who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语There isa girlwho wantsto seeyou.有个女孩想见你He isthe manwho/whom I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见到的那个人
3.whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格它可以转化为“the+名词+ofwhich/whom和“ofwhich/whom+the+名词”的形式This isthe scientistwhose nameis knownall overthe country.=This isthe scientistthe nameof whomis knownall overthe country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家Please passme thebook whosecover isgreen.=Please passme thebook thecover ofwhich isgreen.请递给我那本绿色封面的书
4.as引导限制性定语从句的用法as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such,the same等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等［比较］She issuch anice girlas weall like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩She issuch anice girlthat weall likeher.她是一个如此好的女孩以至于我们都很喜欢她［比较］I boughtthe samedictionary asyou borrowed.我买了一本和你借的一样的词典同一类的两本词典I metthe sameperson thatIsawyesterday.我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人同一个人
二、关系副词的用法关系副词指代先行词在从句中充当的成分时间时间名词时间状语whenwhere地点地点名词地点状语原因原因状语why reasonl.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语它的先行词通常是表示时间的名词when可替换成^during...at,during...+whichv Ican notforget theday when=on which I firstsaw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子
2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语它的先行词为地点名词以及一些抽象意义的名词，如point,case,position,stage,condition,situationwhere可替换成“in/at/on/under...in/at/on/under...+which”This isthe housewhere=in whichthey liveda weekago.这是一个星期前他们住过的房子Ive reachedthe stagewhere Ijust dontcare anything.我已经到了一种什么都不在乎的阶段
3.why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reasonwhy可替换为“for which”The reasonwhy=for whichI donttrust himis thathe oftentells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎［温馨提示］当先行词是表示时间的time,day等或表示地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或whereoI stillremember theday which/that wespent togetherinthecity.我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天This isthe roomwherein whichLao Sheonce lived.这是老舍曾经居住过的房间
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,through,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用thatoDo youremember theday onwhich youjoined ourclub还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？In thedark street,there wasnta singleperson towhom shecould turnfor help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助I.单句语法填空
1.He isthe manwho/that livesnext door.
2.The trainwhich/thathasjust leftis forShenzhen.
3.Do youknow thedate whenLincoln wasborn
4.This isthe hotelwhere theyare staying.
5..They cameto ahouse whoseback wallhad brokendown.
6.That isthe reasonwhy heis leavingso soon.
7.The manwith whommy fatheris shakinghands isa policeman.
8.By1630,which wasalmost theclosing time,nearly all the paintingshad beensold.
9.A computeris souseful amachine aswe canuse everywhere.
10.Sales directorisaposition wherecommunication abilityis justas importantas salesskills.n.单句改错（每小题仅有i处错误）
1.She spentthe wholeevening talkingabout thethings andpersons whichnone ofus hasever heardof.whichthat
2.Happiness andsuccess oftencome tothose whichare goodat recognizingtheir ownstrengths,which^who
3..This isthe newcellphone inwhichIspent allmy money.in^on
4.The studentin thatallofthe teacherstook greatpride wasadmitted intoBeijing Universitylast year,that^whom
5..Ive readallthebooks whichyou gaveme.whichf that/去掉which。
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