还剩8页未读，继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览，全部文档请下载后查看！喜欢就下载吧，查找使用更方便
文本内容:
Period ThreeGrammar,SpeakingWriting r语法专题/复习同位语
一、同位语the Appositive定义同位语是句子成分的一种，它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、
1.代词、数词、名词性短语或从句充当同位语的表现形式
2.名词、代词、数词等在句中作同位语1名词Li Hua,my classmate,comes fromShandong Province.李华，我的同学，来自山东省反身代词I myselfwill dothe experiment.我将亲自做这项实验数词She is the oldestamong themsix.她是他们人中年纪最大的6从句在句中作同位语2从句He told me thenews that the planehad exploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息特殊同位语归纳
3.不定式用作同位语1Is thisyour purpose,to avoidbeing punished逃避处罚，这就是你的目的？动词用作同位语2-ingHes gettinga job tonight drivinga truck.他今晚将得到一份开卡车的差事The firstplan,attacking atnight,was turneddown.第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了注意同位语并不影响其后句子谓语动词的“数”The studentseach have a dictionary.学生每人都有一本词典即时跟踪1用同位语改写下列句子
1.Allan Stewart,who isan Australianold man,is theholder of the worldrecord forbeing theoldest graduate.f AllanStewart,an Australianold man,is theholder of the worldrecord forbeing theoldest graduate.
2.AIDS,which hasno cure,can alwaysdrive peopleto despair.f AIDS,a diseasewithout cure,can alwaysdrive peopleto despair.
3.Meimei,who isseven yearsold,has beenlearning toride abike forseveral days.f Meimei,a seven・yean-old giH/a girlof seven,has beenlearning toride abike forseveral days.
二、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句同位语从句是名词性从句的一种它一般放在fact,news,等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义同位语从句的连接词
1.引导同位语从句的有连接词that,whether；连接代词what,who等和连接副词when,where,why,howo其中不作成分，无实际意义，意为“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中that,whether thatwhether作一定成分引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略The newsthat they had won the gamesoon spreadover thewhole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校He hasntmade thedecision whetherhe willgo there.他还没有作出决定是否去那里I have no ideawhere helives.我不知道他住在哪里同位语从句的注意事项
2.分隔式同位语从句有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位1语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻从句被谓语分开A sayinggoes thatpractice makesperfect.goes谚语说熟能生巧名词等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语2suggestion,order,demand,command,request用”should do”Our teachergave ussome adviceon howwe shoulduse thecomputer.老师给了我们一些如何使用电脑的建议名词怀疑后的同位语从句用引导；毫无疑问后的同位语从句用引导3doubt whetherno doubtthatWe have some doubt whether theycan completethe taskon time.我们怀疑他们能否按时完成任务There isno doubtthat hewill come.他会来的，这是毫无疑问的同位语从句和定语从句的区别
3.同位语从句定语从句说明名词的性质、特征、来源功能不同解释说明名词表示的具体内容等作主语、宾语或表语，起连接that不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略whether起连接作用，其中是否不作whether不引导定语从句how/what成分，而和作成分how whatwhowhen作成分；起连接作用；与先行where why作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，词有一定的关系，如when的但与其修饰的名词无关先行词为时间名Tn]o注意判定同位语从句的简易方法我们可以在名词和从句之间加动词，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑、句子通顺，则是同位语从be句（是定语从句）The newsthat she told meis that Tom willgo abroadnext year.that shetoldme她告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国（不可以说）The newswas thatshetoldme...（是同位语从句）汤姆将出国The newsthat Tom would go abroad was told byher.thatTomwould goabroad的消息是她说的（可以说）即时跟踪The newswas thatTomwouldgoabroad.2用适当的连接词填空并写出是何从句（）同位语从句
1.l There is some doubtwhetherhe isthe man who robbed the boy.（）.宾语从句21dont doubtthat heisthemanwhorobbedtheboy（）.同位语从句
2.1The suggestionthat themeeting beput offproved ri.ht（）2The suggestionthat/which wasmade byour head-teacher is that themeeting beput off.定语从句、高考链接用适当的连接词填空
1.The managerput forwarda suggestionthat we should havean assistant.Thereis too muchwork to do.（2016・天津）
2.—Is ittrue thatMike refusedan offerfrom YaleUniversity yesterday—Yeah,but I haveno idea whyhe didit；thats oneof hisfavorite universifies.（2014•重庆）
3.The onlyway tosucceed at the highestlevel isto havetotal beliefthat youare betterthan anyoneelse on•浙江）the sportsfield13（•方斤江）
4.I madea promiseto myselfthat thisyear,my firstyear inhigh school,would bedifferent.
20125.Evidence hasbeen foundthrough yearsof studythat childrensearly sleepingproblems arelikely to continue（•重庆）when theygrow up.2012（•江苏）
6.The noticecame aroundtwo in the afternoonthat themeeting would be postponed.2012（•天津）
7.Modern sciencehas givenclear evidencethat smokingcan leadto manydiseases.2011（•辽宁）
8.When thenews camethat thewar brokeout,he decidedto servein the army.
20119.—Is thereany possibilitythat youcould pickme upattheairport口语积累运用（•才斤江）——No problem.2009Acceptance andrefusal
1.Im happyto accept...我很乐意接受……一What doyou thinkof theidea一Im happyto acceptit.——你觉得这个主意怎么样？——我很乐意接受它
2.I support...because...因为……我支持……一Do youlike thedecision一I supportit becauseI thinkit isreasonable.——你喜欢这个决定吗？——我支持这个决定，因为我认为它是合理的
3.Id liketo agree with youbut...我同意你的观点，但是……一Do youagreewithme——Id liketo agreewith youbut I havesomeadvice foryou.——你同意我的观点吗？——我同意你的观点，但是我有些建议Praise andencouragement
1.Welldone!干得好！一I havefinished myhomework.一Well done!——我完成作业了——干得好！
2.・Thats a great idea.好主意一Why notgo shopping一Thats a great idea.——为什么不去购物呢？------好主意
3.Thank you./Its niceof youto sayso.谢谢/谢谢你这么说一Your Englishis veryexcellent.一Its niceof youto sayso.——你的英语非常好——谢谢你这么说.振作起来继续试试吧.不要放弃希望
4.Cheer up/Keep trying./Dont giveup hope一I thinkyou shouldkeep upyour courage.一OK,Ill trymy best.——我认为你应该鼓足勇气——好的，我会尽力的［即时跟踪］语法填空AHi,Bob.Come in.BHi,Mary.Thank you.These flowersare foryou.AOh,thank you.They arebeautiful.BWhat a
1.lovelylove houseyou have.AWell,thank you.Im soglad
2.that you can come.Lets sithere sothat we
3.can seethe gardenwhen thesun
4.goesgo down.BYour gardenis nice,Mary.AIt isvery kindof youto sayso.I beautified
5.it yesterdayafternoon.BI
6.simplysimple dontknow howtocontinuewith thework.ADont feel
7.discourageddiscourage.If youkeep
8.tryingtry,you willcertainly find
9.a newway out.BBut I have beentrying.AAt thistime perhapsyou haveto useyour headas wellas yourhands.BThank you
10.for youradvice.写作专题，如何写议论文基础点拨【文体指导】论点、论据、论证是议论文的三要素所谓论点，就是作者对于所议论问题持有的见解和主张；论据是指用来证明论点的事实和根据，它是议论文是否具有说服力的关键，若想说服别人接受自己的观点，一定要论据充足；论证是指证明论点的方法和过程议论文主要针对某一观点或问题（一般为有争议的观点或问题）发表议论和看法，因此写此类文章时要考虑的论据多为正反两个方面通过对有争议的观点或问题的不同看法进行比较和对比，然后进行分析和评论，最后提出自己的看法，表达自己支持或反对的态度并加以论证说明，得出结论在文章的开头提出有争议的观点（一般提出两个相对的观点然后客观地对其进行评论）
1.接下来可用一个或两个段落分别展开论述在每段中，均可用主题句来点明论点，并对这些论点进行
2.比较或对比、分析和评论文章结尾对所论述观点进行客观、合理的评论，提出自己的看法、建议，表示自己对某一现象或论点
3.的赞成或反对，阐明立场；或者也可以将不同观点相互融合，选其可取之处，形成自己独到的观点【常用句式】
1.There aredifferent opinionsamong peopleasto...Some peoplesuggest that...
2.Peoples opinionsabout...vary fromperson toperson.Some peoplesay that...
3.Everything has two sidesand...is notan exception；it hasboth advantagesand disadvantages.
4.On thecontrary,there aresome peoplein favour of...At thesame time,they say...
5.There areseveral measuresfor usto adopt.First,...
6.Faced with...,weshouldtake aseries ofeffective measuresto...For onething,...For another,...
7.60%of thestudents are against...40%of thestudents arefor theidea of...
8.As faras Iam concerned,I agreewith thelatter opinionto someextent.I thinkthat...
9.Comparing thiswith that,however,I preferto...
10.For mypart,I thinkit reasonableto...Only inthis waycan you/we...、佳作构建【写作任务】在你班最近的“英语角”活动中，大家就科学家是否应该克隆人类展开了激烈的争论请根据下列表格中的要点提示，写一篇词左右的英语总结报告100争论双方赞成方反对方理由为难以生育的夫妇带来希望克隆儿会面临很多心理压力提供干细胞，帮助修复人类器官和组织浪费胚胎，面临道德压力你的看法支持克隆技术的发展，但希望政府立法，正确引导其发展【审题谋篇】第一步明确要求本文要求根据提示写一篇要不要克隆人的讨论文，属于正反对比类议论文时态以一般现在时为主,人称以第
一、三人称为主第二步确定段落本文可分为四个段落第一段引出文章要讨论的话题；第二段介绍赞成观点及理由；第三段介绍反对观点及理由；第四段你的观点第三步词汇热身支持，赞成
1.in favour of
3.under pressure另一方面
4.on theother hand第四步句式升级.他们认为克隆人可以为难以生育的夫妇带来机会1（一般表达）They thinkcloning human beings givesan opportunityto couples.They findit difficultto havechildren.（高级表达）They thinkcloning humanbeings givesan opportunityto coupleswho findit difficultto havechildren.一然而，其他人反对它，因为克隆儿在儿童时期会面临很多心理压力27（一般表达）However,others areagainst itbecause the cloned children would beunder psychologicalpressurethroughout their childhood.（高级表达）However,the reasonwhy others are opposedto it isthatthecloned childrenwouldbe underpsychologicalpressure throughouttheirchildhood..依我看来，尽管克隆有很多优势，但希望政府立法，正确引导其发展3（般表达）——In myview,though cloninghas many advantages,the governmentmust passlaws todirect itsdevelopmentproperly.（高级表达）As faras1am concerned,many advantagesas cloninghas,the governmentmust passlaws todirectits developmentproperly.【连句成篇】Recently,our classhad aheated discussionon whetherscientists shouldclone humanbeings.Opinions aredividedas follows.Some studentsare infavourofit.They thinkcloning humanbeings offersanopportunityto coupleswho finditdifficult tohave children.Besides,it providesa constantsupply ofstem cellsto helprepair humantissues andorgans.However,othersareagainst itbecause theclonedchildrenwouldbeunder psychologicalpressure throughouttheirchildhood.On theother hand,wasting embryosis notacceptable,which mayput scientistsunder greatmoral pressure.As faras Iam concerned,manyadvantagesas cloninghas,the governmentmust passlaws todirect itsdevelopment课时精练拓展提升properly..单元语法Iif
1.He madea promisehe wouldmake merich and happy.thatthat
2.There wassomedoubtthis manwas serious.whether）单句改错（每小题仅有处错误）A
13.The newstheyhadwon thegame surprisedus.
4.I haveno ideasize ofshoes shewears.▼、.〔I,…_p.would
1.
5.He madethe suggestionthatthepolitical prisonerswould或should setee.）把下面的两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句B
6.When shouldwe returnThe orderhas notreached us.The orderwhen weshould returnhas notreached us.
7.He took the first prize in the competition.The newsis true.The newsthat hetookthefirstprizeinthecompetition istrue.
8.Where hashe goneI haveno idea.Ihavenoideawhere hehas gone.
9.A rainstorm is likely to come this afternoon.Ihaveheard thewarning on the radio.由Ihaveheard thewarning onthe radiothat arainstormislikelytocomethisa ernoon.
10.Is thiswork worth doing He often asked me the question.Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhether thiswork wasworthdoing..阅读理解IIADuring summer holidays,you cansee themeverywhere,their deadeyes andhand-combed hairclues ofdailyfight.Some trysmiling bravely,but BetLynch oncesaid ofher daughtersseemingly brightface,Thats nota smile-its（盖子）the lidon ascream.”I talkof courseof thoseinvolved insummer holidays.Of courseeveryone needsa break:teachers,pupils,parents,allof us.And itslovely to spend timewith thefamily,but sixweeks In my opinion,itistoo long.Long schoolholidays area necessityfor theagricultural economyof thenineteenth centurywhen schoolsneededlong summer holidays sothat childrencould helptheir parentsonthefarm.That hardlyapplies nowas youngstersareaddicted to the latestgames ontheir mobilephones.Inmyown home,its justmy12-year-old daughterwho stillneeds considerationduring summer holidays.But long一gone arethe dayswhen childrenjust“played out“I cannotleave mydaughter wanderingaround apark forhours withherfriends.However,Fve alsolearnt thatchildren spend their holidayshappily whenthey takepart inorganized activitieswithfriends.That iswhy,over theyears,Ive spenta lot of moneyon allsorts ofcamps.The childrenreturn home,tired,hungrybut happy.Of course,whenever thesubject ofcutting schoolholidays israised,many teachersand educationalistsput forwardtheargument thatschool isnta babysittingservice,however,schools areplaces wherechildrens mindsare stretchedandtheir imaginationsare givenflight.Education-formal orinformal-can be a childspassport toa richand meaningfullife.With suchmatters inmind,thetime hascome forour schoolholidays tobe cut.The alternativeistoreturn tousing childrenfor summeragriculturallabor-a crazyidea.【语篇解读】本文是议论文，话题是学校生活类本文主要介绍了作者对漫长的暑假的看法，认为这种做法已经过时了，应该将假期缩短
11.What doLynchs wordsindicateA.Children cannotsleep wellduring summerholidays.B・Its braveof childrento fightduring summerholidays.C.Its boringfor childrento spendsummerholidaysthis way.D.Children aretoo busytospendsummerholidayshappily.答案C解析推理判断题结合本文首句“During thesummerholidays,youcansee themeverywhere,their deadeyes andhand-combed hairclues ofdailyfight.v可知，漫长的暑假期间，孩子们反而显得毫无生机，死气沉沉的样子，说明他们暑假过得很无聊
12.How doesthe authorthink childrenshould spendtheir summerholidaysA.By playingvideo games.B-By workingonthefarm.C.By takingpart inorganized activities.D.By wanderingaround apark withfriends.答案C解析细节理解题根据第五段可知，作者认为去参加一些有组织的活动是度过暑假的最好方式
13.What canbe thebest titlefor thetextA.Children dontneed asix-week breakB-Children canhaveameaningful holidayC.How childrenspendtheirsummer holidaysD.The lengthof summerholidays isto change答案A解析标题归纳题本文主要介绍了作者对漫长的暑假的看法，认为这种做法已经过时了，应该将假期缩短B（基因组）（遗传的）The HumanGenome Project,agreat$3billion,15-year taskaimed atdrawing the genetic mapofhumans,is nowmore than90percent completed.The scientificand medicalcommunities are very excitedabout the（延长）chances genetic research providesfor gettingrid ofdiseases andprolonging humanlife.But thosecommunitiesand policymakers arealso carefulabout thescientific doorthey areopening asthe projectuncovers themysteries oflife.（生物技术）For thelast fewyears,thegeneticadvances inthe developingfield ofbiotechnology haveprovidesmaterial forall kindsof work,but thedevelopments ofmodern sciencein unlockingthe secretsof the human geneticcode（密码）have openeda worldof possibilitiesfor humanhealth,as wellas forthe popularimagination.（解码）While Europeanand Japaneseresearchers aremaking rapidprogress indecoding humanDNA,the leadingorganization for geneticresearch inthe UnitedStates,which beganin1990,is unlockingthe code“of the human bodyto（致命的）learn howto defeatfatal diseases.Already,the HumanGenome Projecthas becomewidely knownand praised（迄今），for findingthe genesconnected withterrible diseasesas yetand makingprogress towardseparating the genesthat showa signof breastcancer orAIDS.（传染），Once thesegenes arefound andstudied,researchers candevelop new ways to attack infections and geneticdiseases.Medical companiesareveryinterested inmapping thehuman genome,as theyexpect todevelop a lotofnewdrugs forthese illnesses.
14.Why didthe scientistswork hardat mappingthehuman genomeA.Because thehuman genomecan destroymany illnesses.B-Because thehuman genomescompletion canhelp themget ridof manydiseases.C.Because theywanted tobe betterknown thanothers.D.Because thehumangenomecan providea lotof chancesof work.答案B解析细节理解题从文章最后一段的第一句Once thesegenes arefound andstudied,researchers candevelop（传染），可以看出科学家们完成人类基因组图的目的new waystoattackinfectionsandgenetic diseases.
15..Which countrystudied the genes mostrapidly inthe worldA.Japan.B.Germany.C.The UnitedStates.D.China.答案C解析细节理解题由第三段的・・.the...the leadingorganizationforgeneticresearchis inthe UnitedStates…”可知，答案选C
16.Which of the followingis NOTtrueA.If thegenes canbe found,scientists canstudy many newwaysto cureillnesses.B.The scientistshave madegreat progressin connectingthegeneswith thecancers.C.Many medicalcompanies showgreat interestin drawingthehumangenome map.D.The UnitedStates beganthegenesstudy earlyinthe19th century.答案D解析细节理解题由第三段可知，美国是在年，即世纪末开始绘制人类基因组图的，所199020以答案选D
17.The authorsuggests thatthe HumanGenome Projectcan causeA.the policymakers tofeel veryworried andcarefulB・the scientiststo workharderC.many peopleto findwork easilyD.alotof companiesto producemanynewdrugs答案B解析推理判断题从文章内容可知，人类基因组图的完成将有助于科学家们攻克一系列难关所以,他们在更努力地探究.语法填空inThe StateAdministration ofCultural HeritageSACHwillstart acampaign,18—will involveregular inspectionsand random checkson protection efforts bylocal authoritiesto preventdamage tothe Great Wall.The SACHwill openaspecial linefor informationabout19goagainst lawsand damagetotheGreat Wallfrom thepublic.The GreatWall coversover21,000kilometers fromGansu Provinceto HebeiProvince.According toSACHstatistics,about30percent ofa6,200-km sectionof the wall20buildin theMing Dynastyhas disappeared,and lessthan10percent21beconsidered well-preserved.The GreatWall hasfaced threats22both natureand humans.Some23naturephenomena suchas earthquakes,rain andwind have24gradualleft the wall withmany brokenbricks.Human25activity suchas irresponsibledevelopment andagriculture nearthewall,have damagedthe landmark,according toresearch bythe ChinaGreatWallSociety.26lack ofprotectioneffortsin remoteregions anda weakplan forprotection havealso madea27contributetothe damage.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，话题是历史与地理类本文主要介绍了长城受到破坏的原因以及国家文化遗产管理局采取的保护措施［根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是关系词在非限
18.which campaign,制性定语从句中作主语，故用］which［介词后用动词形式作宾语］
19.going-/7g［与之间是被动关系，且表示已完成的动作，故用过去分词短语作定语］
20.built buildthewall［根据上下文，此处用一般现在时表示长城目前的状态，且完整的主语是
21.is lessthan10percent ofthewall,故谓语动词用单数］［…来自的威胁］
22.from threatfrom［空格中所填单词在句中修饰名词需用的形容词形式］
23.natural phenomena,nature［空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用的副词形式］
24.gradually gradual［谓语动词是故此处用的复数形式］
25.activities havedamaged,activity［…缺乏］
26.A alack of［空格中所填单词在句中作宾语，且其前有冠词故用的名词形式］
27.contribution a,contribute.短文改错IVOne dayI wokeup andsmelled fire.I gotback andran out oftheapartment immediate.Outside Isee awoman inthesecond-floor windowholding outa newbornbaby.He askedme tocatch.Without secondthought,I rushedover andheldout myarms.After Iknew it,the babyhad landedin myarms.I wasso muchhappy that it was fine.The motherhad tojumpout ofthe window,either.Later,she thankedme forsave herbaby.lt feltgreatly tobea good neighbor.答案八八.,1l backimmediate seeTT rT叩One dayI wokeup andsmelled nre.I gotandranoutofthea碧apartment j}jiy-Outside Iwoman inthe second-floor windowholding outa newbornbaby.mmec ae sawaskedme tocatch.Without；secondAftereither saveherhappythatitwasfine.The motherhad tojump outofthewindow,
3.Later,she thankedme forgreatly savingbaby.lt feltt0agoodneighbor..书面土达Vthought,I rushedover andheld outmy Iknew it,the babyhad landedin myarms.I wasso much转基因技术已经应用于农业、医疗等各个领域，但是对于这一技术的运用，人们持有不同的意见请结合自己的观点，根据下表写一篇短文支持者的理由反对者的理由你的观点.宗教信仰问题，人不可以代替
1.可以提高农产品产量和质量，解决粮1上帝创造万物食不足的问题.转基因技术可能会改变人类••••••2可以用来治愈更多疾病
2.基因，造成生物灾难
3.……
3.……注意.可适当增加细节，但必须包括所提供的全部内容；1词数左右；
2.100开头已给出，不计入总词数
3.参考词汇转基因技术transgenic technologyShould Transgenic Technology Be Used or NotAt the dawn ofthe21st century,transgenic technologyhas gotinto ourlife,but peoplesattitudes towardsit arestilldifferent.【参考范文】ShouldTransgenicTedmolo.yBeUsedorNotAtthedawnofthe21st century,transgenic technologyhas gotinto ouilife,but peoplesattitudes towardsit arestilldifferentSome peopleare infavourofit.They thinkit hasdone andwill continuetodoagreatjobtoimprove cropproduction,which nodoubt canprovide morefood forthe rapidlyrising population.Moreover,it mayhelp tocure peopleof morediseasesand everyonecan enjoya longandhappylife.However,some peopleareagainstit forreligious reasons,because theybelieve everythingshould bemade byGodinstead ofhumanbeingsthemselves.Others holdthe beliefthat transgenicfood shouldnot beallowed toenter thehumanfood chainin casemankind genesmay bechanged andcause creaturedisasters.I thinkeach coinhastwosides.We shouldtreat anduse itin areasonable andscientific way.。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0
