课时05.谓语动词的时态语态和主谓一致-2023中考英语四轮总复习（牛津深圳版）（教师版）

第五讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是中考考查的重点动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少因此备考重点是一般现在时一般过一般时态去时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时过去进行时态完成时现在完成进时态行时一般将来时过完成时态去将来时【时态、语态和主谓一致］将来时态被动语态的构成语态主动形式表被动意义

①动词时态的基本用法

②动词语态的基本用法

③主谓一致语法一致原则意义一致原加就近一致原则主调一致C高频考点突破考点动词的时态1动词时态的知识网络以动词为例do现在时过去时将来时f时do/does didshall/will dobe goingto do进行时am/is/are doingwas/were doing完成时have/has done had done一般现在时本题考查动词在本句中，主语和之间存在被动关系，且内容是关于齐国的规则，所以此空应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填

14.are sentFirst-class ambassadorssendare sent本题考查动词这个故事向我们显示/告诉我们语言是有力量的，它能捍卫我们的尊严所以此空

5.shows/tells动词应用或此处是在讲一个道理，所以要用一般现在时，主句主语为第三人称单数，故答案应填show telloshows或tellso考点主谓一致3主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则

一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式.当连接两个或多个名词或…连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式1and both…and和是好朋友Tom andMike aregood friends.Tom Mike和都是学生Both Lucyand Lilyare students.Lucy Lily

2.either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Is thereanything wrongwith yourbike.大家都为运动会做好了准备Everyone isready for the sports meeting…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

3.each,each...and each...,every...and every.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书Each boyand eachgirl wasgiven anew book.在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的部分保持一致4A或rtogetherwith或alongwith with谓语动词+.・.besides but/exceptA+aswellas+B+including ratherthanlike.那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物l.The boytogether with his parentsgoes to the museumonce aweek馆队长还有其他运动员都感到累了

2.The captain,as wellas theother players,was tired..钱包，连同身份证和钱，都丢了

3.The wallet,with theID cardand money,was lost等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式5/6one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither+of+每个学生都在用功学习Every one of thestudents isstudying hard..这两个女孩儿都不漂亮Neither of the girlsis pretty件复数名词”意为“许多/大量...二作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式;件复数名词”意

6.“a number“the numbero为”……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式许多树被砍倒了A number of treesare cutdown..我们班学生人数为The numberof thestudents inour classis3232名词”和“分数或百分数名词等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决

7.“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of++of+于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式.以前很多人去过那儿Lots ofpeople have been there before.大部分电脑都是从北京买来的Most ofthe computersare boughtfrom Beijing三分之二的水已经被污染了Two-thirds ofthe waterhas beenpolluted.,由复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式;件复数名词”作主语时，谓8“a pair/a kind…+of+“pairs/kinds…+o语动词用复数形式.桌子上有一副太阳镜A pairof sunglassesis lyingon thetable.每天制作双鞋Fifteen pairsof shoesare madeeach day

15.某些只有复数形式的名词如等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式9clothes,trousers,shorts,pants.我的裤子穿坏了My pantsare wornout.不定式或形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式10v.-ing读书就是学习Reading islearning..眼见为实To seeis tobelieve用所给词的适当形式填空

①Everyone exceptTom andJohnbethere whenthe meetingbegan.

②Neither ofthe twobrotherslivewith theirparents.

③Playing baseballbeDalesfavourite sport.【答案】

二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词是单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念集体名词如等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据

1.family,crew,crowd,company,audience,committee,government,group主语的意思来决定如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词需用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式.指整体在运动会中』班是第一名Class Twelvewas firstin thesportsmeeting2指构成整体的成员班正在操场上做早操Class Twelveare doingmorning exercisesin theplayground.

12.集体名词如等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式，但等无生命的集体名词作2people,police clothing,traffic,furniture主语时，谓语动词用单数形式警察正在帮助一个女孩儿找妈妈The policeare helpinga girlfind hermother.这会儿路上没有车辆往来There isntany trafficon theroad at the moment..表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的名词复数或词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式

3.三年是一段很长的时间Three yearsis a long time付给格林先生元钱Fifty yuanwas paidto MrGreen.

50.有些专有名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式4美国在加拿大南边The UnitedStates ison the south ofCanada..主语形式为复数而意义却为单数，如工厂等或一些学科名称，如等,谓语动5词需用单数形式news,works physics,politics,maths物理是我最喜欢的科目Physics ismy favouritesubject.用所给词的适当形式填空IThe wholeclassbegreatly movedby hiswords.2The Chinesebadminton teambeplayingmagnificently.3The policebelookingfor themurderer.4His SelectedPoemsbefirst publishedin

1965.51think physicsbemuchmore usefulthan maths.【答案】

三、就近原则.由…连接并列主语时,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致1either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also和我都不喜欢这个电影Neither Tomnor Ilike thisfilm.Tom.在或句型中，如果有并列的名词作主语，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致2there beherebe.房间里有一个女孩儿和四个男孩儿There is a girland four boys in the room房间里有四个男孩儿和一个女孩儿题组训练用所给词的适当形式There arefourboysand agirl in the room填空（）

1.Not onlystudents butalso theirteacher objectto theplan.（）

2.There besome Chineseand threeAmericans in the travellingteam.（）

3.Here bea letterand twobooks foryou.【答案】随堂练习

一、语法选择（建设），After nearlyfive yearsof constructionthe BeijingDaxing InternationalAirport]on Sept.25,

2019.Five years2really notalongtime forbuilding sucha bigairport.Seated in thesouthof Beijing,it is the worldslargest transportation（区纽）.The GuardianhubI listedit asoneofthe“seven wondersofthemodem world.Gardens（登机）There3five gardensattheend offive boarding gates.At theend ofthe northernboardinggate4the Chinesegarden.There areChinese-style buildingsin it.People canhang outinthegarden whilewaiting fortheir flights.Flight terminal（航站楼）The airportis verylarge.It hasthe worldslargest flight terminal in a singlebuilding.The building5an areaof700,000square meters——the sizeof98soccer fields.The numberof passengershere eachyear6more than100million.Theterminal lookslike astarfish.The distancebetween thecentral areaand thefarthest boardinggate7600meters.It only8eight minutesto walkbetween thetwo.Parking lotTheparking lotis inthe southernpart ofthe airport.Its closeto theflightterminal.A robot-operated parkingsystem9（领取）used.After drivers10their cars,robots willlift thecars andcarry themto anopen parkingspace.When collectingtheircars,drivers canuse theirparking ticketsto getinformation onwhere tofind theircars.1open openopen openC.wasC.wasC.washaveC.wasC.was

8.A.take C.spendC.was【答案】文章介绍了北京大兴国际机场park本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致由本句的时间状语可知，此处应用一般过去时;再根

1.C onSept.25,2019据句子的主语可知谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式故选the BeijingDaxing InternationalAirport C本题考查主谓一致为一段时间，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式故选

2.A Fiveyears A本题考查主谓一致和动词时态此处是介绍大兴机场的一些客观事实,故用一般现在时;在结构

3.B therebe中,动词的单复数由其后所跟的名词的单复数决定故根据空后的可知选be fivegardens B本题考查主谓一致和动词时态本句为倒装句，主语为所以谓语动词应用单数形式,

4.A theChinese garden,时态为一般现在时，故选Ao本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致主语是单数概念且根据上下文可知时态为一般现在时

5.B Thebuilding故选Bo本题考查主谓一致本句的主语是表示”……的数量、且时态为一般现在时，故选

6.A Thenumberof…,A本题考查时态和主谓一致本句的主语是为单数形式,且时态为一般现在时，故选

7.A Thedistance,A本题考查动词辨析和主谓一致.做某事花费多长时间故选

8.B Ittakes sometime to do sthB本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致本句的主语是且时态为一般现在时

9.A Arobot-operated parkingsystem,故选Ao本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致此处时态为一般现在时,且主语是名词复数故选

10.A driversA

①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用我们一日吃三餐haveWe mealsthree timesa day.

②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象.太阳从西方落下setsThe suninthewest

③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时.有时间我会写信给她haveril writeto herwhen Itime一般过去时2

①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态.我们过去经常在一起打篮球playedWe oftenbasketball together

②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她metHe saidhe wouldtell herthe newsas soon as heher.一般将来时3动词原形”表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实

①“will/shall+我一到就给你打电话shall callIyou assoon asI arrive..他们可能去上海度假will goTheyprobably toShanghai fortheir holiday

②一般将来时的常用结构,用于宾语从句中I expect,Fm sure,I think,I wonder+・用于祈使句+and+陈述句”中•与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的sureDont worryabout theexam.Fm youllpass..如果你请他帮忙，他会帮助你的If willyouask him,he helpyou

③表示一般将来时的特殊结构表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事-be goingtodosth.他今晚要在电视上讲话is goingto speakHeon TVthis evening看这些乌云，要下雨了is goingto rain.Look atthe darkclouds.lt你什么时候回家？are toleave/IeavingWhen youfor home

1.Before the sun,we needto gettothetop ofthe mountain.A.set B.sets C.is settingD.will set【答案】本题考查动词的时态此处讲的是将来的情况,但是在引导的时间状语从句中需要用B before一般现在时表示将来是第三人称单数，故选项thesunB

2.—Idont knowwhen hethe airporttomorrow.If Iget hisflight number,I willlet youknow.一OK.Thank you.A.reached B.will reachC.was reaching【答案】本题考查动词的时态设空处主句是一般现在时,宾语从句中时间状语要求谓语动词用一B tomorrow般将来时，故选B一

3.What didour geographyteacher say一She toldus thatthe eartharound thesun.A.movesC.has movedD.was moving【答案】本题考查动词的时态当谈到客观真理时，动词用一般现在时态故选A A进行时态

2.（）现在进行时（现在分词）1am/is/are+

①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态.他在写一篇论文is workingHeonapaper

②表示位置转移的动词可用进行时代替将来时这样的动词有等go,come,start,leave,arrive,begin,return.我下个月要去北京Vm leavingforBeijing nextmonth（）过去进行时（现在分词）2was/were+过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态.昨天这个口寸候他在读一本有趣的书was readingHean interestingbook thistime yesterday现在完成时态3（）现在完成时（过去分词）1ha ve/has+

①表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在（甚至到将来）常与之连用的时间状语有lately,recently,inthelast（）等past fewdays/years,since then,up tonow,so far在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化have takenInthe pastfew years,great changesplace inmy hometown.

②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果常用的状语有（刚刚），等already,ever,just yet他已经关掉灯了has turnedHeoff thelight.=The lightis offnow.

③在“最高级+名词”或序数词之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时“It/This is+the++time”已这是我第一次来这里have comeThisisthefirst timethat!her【易混辨析】意为“去某地了”，表示此人现在还在那里没有回来have goneto意为“去过某地”，表示此人已经回来了havebeento一

1.Our computeris workingagain!——Yes.Our ITteacher it.It tookhim aboutan hour.A.has fixedB.will fixC.is fixingD.was fixing【答案】本题考查动词的时态根据可知，电脑已经修好了故此处用现在完成时，选A isworking againAo一

2.The airhere ismuch fresherthan before.一Exactly!We alot oftrees inthe pastfew years.A.planted B.were plantingC.have plantedD.will plant【答案】本题考查动词的时态由时间状语可知,本句中的谓语动词用现在完成时,故选C inthe pastfew yearsC一

3.It sten yearssince wecame here.一How timeflies!We inChina forso long.A.workC.will workD.have worked【答案】本题考查动词的时态因为时间状语是表示一段时间，故用现在完成时D forso long,

二、语法选择I knockedinto astranger ashe walkedby me.Oh,excuse mejI]with asmile andsaid,Please excuseme too.I wasntwatchingout foryou.^^We apologizedand left.Later thatday,when I2,my daughterwas standingtoo closeto me.When Iturned toreach forsome milk,I nearlyknockedher over.You should3out ofthe way!”I shouted.She walkedaway sadly.But I4feel thatI hadto apologizeto her.While Iwas inbed thatevening,my husbandsaid tome,While dealingwith astranger,you werepolite,but withthe oneyou5,you wereunkind.Your daughterbrought yousome flowersthat shepicked herselfthis afternoon.You6them inthekitchen bythe door.Have you7the tearsin hereyes”I quietlywent andknelt downby mydaughters bed.Honey,I amso sorry.Are thesethe flowersyou pickedfbr me”Isaid.I foundthem bythe tree.I pickedthem foryou.I knewyou8like them,especially theblue onesJ she said.I tearfullyreplied,Sweetie,Tm reallysorry forthe wayI9today.I shouldn*t haveshouted atyou.^^“Its okay.I loveyouanyway,“shesaidas shekissed meon mycheek.C.replied replyingC.cooked cooking

3.A.move C.moves

4.A.werent B.dont C.wont D.didnt

5.A.love C.loved love

6.A.find find

7.B.findsA.see C.seesB.seenC.could

9.B.wouldA.act actingC.mayB.could【答案】文章讲述作者路上撞到陌生人时,尚能够做到诚恳道歉，但差点撞倒女儿时自己却表现得十分不友好If we10be politeto strangers,why cantwe dothe samefortheones welove后来在丈夫的提醒下作者意识到了自己的错误并向女儿道歉,得到了女儿的谅解根据前文中的可知，此处应用一般过去时态，故选

1.C saidCo根据语境可知，事情发生在那天的晚些时候,在作者做饭的过程中，应用过去进行时故选

2.D D后应用动词原形，故选

3.A shouldAo根据后面的可知,此处应用一般过去时，故选

4.D hadD在本句中,是定语从句，修饰先行词此处丈夫所说的话是对平时事实的描述，应用一般

5.A youlove theone现在时故选A丈夫告诉作者时，作者还没有发现，所以用一般将来时态故选

6.C C本句是丈夫问作者是否已经看到了女儿的眼泪,故用现在完成时态故选

7.B B此处表示“你会喜欢它们”原本应该用但因为主句用的是一般过去时，因此这里应该

8.B youwill likethem,I knew把变成故选will would,B由上下文可知，此处是作者为自己之前的行为感到抱歉，故选

9.B Bo根据下文的…可知，选此处表能够

10.A whycanl weA can

三、短文填空（）One day,a wiseold man1walk inthe yardwhen hesaw his grandson havingan argumentwithhiswife.He askedhis99grandson,Why doyou raiseyour voiceevery timeyou arguewith yourwifeHis grandsonanswered,I2my voiceso thatmy voiceis heard.”“Your wifeis closeenough fbrher tohear youwhen yousay thesame sentencein acalm manner.Why doyou havetoraise your voice^^the grandfather

3.（发泄一些怒火）“Perhaps becauseI needto letoff somesteam byraising myvoice Jhisgrandsonreplied.（）（小声说）“The steam4go outinthesame wayif youwhisper to her.So whydo that”（不“Fve already5her whatI think,but itseems thatshe doesntunderstand mypoint ofview,“the man said unwillingly情愿地）.“But you are hurtingyour wifesfeeling whileyouareshouting ather,the oldmansaidangrily.In fact,if youwhispersoftly,you canboth heareach otherclearly.So stopraising yourvoice whenyou talktoher.^^His grandsonnodded hishead.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.【答案】本文讲述一位老人看到自己的孙子每次和妻子说话都会提高嗓门,于是对他进行了教育，希望孙子对自己所爱的人要温柔些根据语境可知，孙子和妻子在争吵时老人正在散步,又因本文为故事题材，故此处用过去进行时l.was walking本句引用孙子说的原话，是孙子一贯的行为，故用一般现在时此处表示“提高嗓门”，且上文已出现

2.raise raise,故此空应填raiseo本文属于故事题材，时态应用过去时根据上文可知，爷爷是在质问

3.asked“Why doyou haveto raiseyourvoice”孙子,且上文第一次发问时已出现故此空应填asked,askedo在本句中,引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时故答案应填根

4.will goif willgoo

5.told据可知，本句时态为现在完成时根据语境可知，孙子说他已经告诉他妻子自己的想法了这里不Fve already能用或因为这三个词都不可以直接跟人称代词做宾语said,spoken talke考d,点2动词的语态被动语态由“助动词过去分词”构成助动词随着主语的人称、数和句子时态的不同而变化be+be现在过去将来一般is/am/are done was/were donewill/shall bedone进行is/am/are beingdonewas/were beingdone完成have/has been donehadbeendone系动词等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构1look,sound,feel,smell,taste.钢摸起来很凉feelsThe steelcold动词后加动词一形式的主动结构表被动意义2need,require,want,be worthing我的手表不能用了，需要修了needs repairing.My watchcant work;it.A1lotofteenagers thinkas they are olderand wiser,they tomake theirown decisions.A.should allowB.shouldnt allowC.should beallowed D.shouldnt beallowed【答案】本题考查被动语态含情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词动词的过去分词且根据语境可C+be+知，此处表示“他们应该被允许自己做决定”

2.The MonkeyKing isa traditionalChinese cartoonhero.Today,he stillby peopleof allages.A.will;love B.was;lovedC.is;loved D.will;be loved【答案】本题考查动词的时态和语态指代的是他被大家喜爱，所以用被动语态C heThe MonkeyKing,是一般现在时的标志词,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态，故选Today Co

3.These giftsby childrenin theirlast summerholidays.A.made B.were madeC.make D.are made【答案】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态设空处是谓语动词，由后面的可知此处应该用被动语态由时B by间状语可知，句子时态用一般过去时故答案为in theirlast summerholidays B

4.Our school library withplants,lovely desksand chairs,so Ifeel relaxedwhile studyingor readingthere.A.decoratesC【.is答de案co】rated本题考查被动语态D.w主as语decorating和是被动关系，所以此处应用被动语态,C Ourschoollibrarydecorate故选C

二、语法选择I liveinavery oldtown which]by beautifulwoods.Its ascenic spot.On Sundays,hundreds ofpeople comefrom thecity tosee ourtown andto walkthrough the woods.Visitors areasked tokeepthe woodsclean.Litter baskets2under thetrees,but rubbish3everywhere bypeople asusual.Last Wednesday,I wentfor awalk inthewoods.What Isaw mademe verysad.I foundseven oldcars andthree oldrefrigerators.The litterbaskets wereempty andthe ground4with piecesof paper,cigarette ends,old tyres,empty bottlesand rustytins...Among therubbish,I founda signwhich said,All therubbish5into thebaskets.Anyone wholeaves

1.A.surround sun-ounded besun-ounded

2.A.placed placedplaced beenplaced

1.C livebe surroundedby C本题考查动词此处表示“垃圾篮已经被放置在树下了，但是垃圾还是被人们随地乱扔，在本句中，并未

2.D明确说明是什么时候被放置在树下，只强调结果，所以本句的时态应用现在完成时主语和之间为被动关系，故选Litter basketsLitter basketsplaceD本题考查动词本句是描述人们乱丢垃圾的现象，应用一般现在时;是不可数名词，且和之间是被动关系，故选

3.B rubbishrubbish throwBo本题考查动词根据并列连词前面的时态可知，本句应用一般过去时;和之间存在

5.B therubbish put态动词的被动语态结构是:故选can/may/must/should be+done B本题考查动词标语牌起警示作用，违反了将会被处罚，所以本句应用一般将来时的被动语态故选

三、

6.A Ao短文填空（古代的）Yan ZirsVisit tothe Stateof ChuThereare ancientstories thatcan remindus ofthe powerof words.is oneofthem.（大使）I（）Yan Zi was theambassador ofthe Stateof Qi.Once,he wentto visitthe Stateof Chu.The king of Chuplan to（侮辱）insult Yan Zi.（）Yan Ziwas short.The kingordered hissoldiers toclose thecity gatebut leavea holefor dogsopen.Yan Zi2ask toenter（）through thehole.But Yan Ziwasnot angry.He said:“I3ask toenter througha holefor dogsonly whenI visita dogstate.IsChu sucha state”When thekingofChu heardthis,he hadto openthe gateand welcomeYan Ziin.After theking metYan Zi,he（能干的）（侏儒）asked:Arent thereany capablemen inQi Whywas adwarf senthere^^（陛下）,（）“Your MajestyQi isnever shortof capablemen.But thereisarule inQi:First-class ambassadors4send tofirst-class states,and lower-class onesto lower-class states.I amthe mostincapable man.That*s whyI amhere JYan Zianswered.The kingwas speechless.He couldnot lookdown onYanZiany more.（保卫）（尊严）.Yan Zisstory5us thata fewwords cansafeguard onesdignity Thafshow powerfultheyare.

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5.【答案】本文讲述的是中国的一个经典故事《晏子使楚》本题考查动词因为此处是在讲述过去发生的《晏子使楚》的故事，所以时态用一般过去时，故填

1.planned plannedo本题考查动词根据上文可知，国王下了命令，要求晏子从狗洞进城所以在本句中,和之

2.was askedYanZiask间是被动关系，又因为此处同第一题应用一般过去时，故填was askedo本题考查动词根据上文可知，晏子被要求从狗洞进去,所以此处仍然用被动语态又因本句直接

3.will beasked引用晏子当时说的话，所以时态应根据当时的情景来判断在本句中，根据“主将从现原则，主句应该用一般将来时,故应填will beaskedo。