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2015学年第二学期十校联合体高三期初联考英语试卷第I卷（共90分）第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节单项填空（共20小题；每小题
0.5分，满分10分）
1.一Jennifer,you seemto beoverjoyed一I havejust receivedthe offerfrom theNational Universityof Singapore.A.So what B.Guess what C.What ifD.What for
2.Nowadays peopleare morelikely togo tomall thanvisit thetailor whenshoppingfor clothes,so tailorshave adaptedto newreality.A.the;a B.\;the C.the;the D.a;a
3.I malways aboutwhat Isay becausecareless remarksare likelyto hurtothersfeelings.A.enthusiastic B.curious C.doubtful D.cautious
4.The waterwas nowtwo feetdeep,making itdifficult,if notimpossible,the carout.A.getting B.got C.to getD.get
5.early warningsfrom forecasters,residents wereable toprepare andno deathsor seriousinjurieswere reported.A.In spiteof B.According toC.Regardless ofD.Thanks to
6.Good newsnever goesbeyond thegate,____________bad newsspreads farand wide.A.when B.as C.while D.before
7.It wasplaying videogames thattook theboy toomuch timethat hehave spentlearning.tohave a baby.This conditionhas beenafflicting alarge percentageof mankindincluding more than10%of allcouples worldwide.”Louise Brown,the world，s firsttest tube baby,made internationalheadlines whenshe wasbornin Oldham,Gtr Manchester,in1978to parentsLesley andJohn whohad beenfruitlessly tryingfor a babysince
1969.Ivf-in-vitro fertilisationis theprocess wherebyegg cellsare fertilisedoutside thebodybefore beingimplanted in the womb.After acycle ofIVF,the probabilityof acouple withinfertilityproblems having ababyis onein five一the sameas healthycouples whoconceivenaturally.Professor Edwards,who hasfive daughtersand11grandchildren,began hisresearch atCambridgeUniversity in1963,after receivinghis PhDin
1955.He oncesaid:The mostimportantthing inlife ishaving achild.Noth一-ing is more specialthan achild.With thehelp offellow scientistPatrick Steptoe,Prof.Edwards foundedthe BournHall clinicin Cambridgeshire,which nowtreats more than900womena year.Each year,morethan30,000women inBritain nowundergo IVF and11,000babies arebornas aresult of the treatment.But hiswork attractedwidespread criticismfrom somescientists and the CatholicChurch whosaidit wasunethical andimmoral”.Martin Johnson,professor ofreproductive生殖的sciences at the Universityof Cambridge,said theaward was〃long overdue”.He said:We couldntunderstand whythe Nobelhas eso latebuthe isdelighted—this is the cherryon thecake forhim.”Professor Edwardswas tooill togive interviewsbut astatement releasedby hisfamily saidhe was thrilledand delighted”.
50.What isRobert Edwardscontribution toscienceA.Challenging a disease whichstops humanhaving ababy.B.Seeing thewonder of the firsttubebabygrowing.C.Enabling millions of couplesto livea betterlife.D.Helping coupleswith infertilityto havetube babies.
51.What doesthe underlinedword“afflicting”Paragraph4most probablyrefer toA.Troubling.B.Developing.C.Improving.D.Confusing.
52.Why didProfessor Edwardsbegin hisresearch ontube babyA.Because hethought itof greatsignificance tohave achild inlife.B.Because the birthrate aroundthe worldwas unexpectedlylow then.C.Because aspecial childdid make a differenceto anordinary family.D.Because hisfellow scientistwanted togive hope to theunlucky couples.
53.It canbe inferredfrom Paragraph8and Paragraph9that.A.some peopleenvied Professor Edwards forhis beingawardedB.different opinionswere voicedon ProfessorEdwards findingC.ProfessorEdwardsdeserved the prize forhis breakthroughD.theprizewas latebecause thefinding wasfirst consideredimmoral
54.What mightbethe besttitle for the passageA.Life Storiesof Robert Edwards B.Preparations forHaving aBabyE.Nobel Prizefor IVFExpert EdwardsD.Treatment ofInfertility in a LabDAndy is themost unreasonable,pigheaded lifeform in the world,and hemakes meso angryI could scream!Of course,I lovehim like a brother.I have to becausehe ismy brother.Morethan that,he ismy twin!That sright.Andy andAmy（that sme）have the same curlyhair anddark eyesand equallystubborncharacters.Yet,though wemay lookalike,on mostissues weusually takepletely oppositepositions.If Isay day,you cancount onAndy to say night.Just thisweek,the hottopic inschool was all about the PTAS proposal（提议）to adopta school dress principle.Every studentwould berequired to wear auniform.Uniforms!Can youimagineOh,they would be uniformsin color.The dressstyle would be sortof looseand free.Boys wouldwear whiteor bluebutton-down shirts,a schooltie,blue orgray pants,and anavyblue blazer（运动夹克）.Girls wouldwear whiteor blueblouses orsweaters,blue orgraypants orskirts,along with a navyblue blazer.Socks ortights couldbe black,gray,blue,or white.The teachersare divided:Some arein favor of the uniforms,others areopposed.The headmasterhas askedthe studentsto expresstheiropinions byvoting on the issuebefore makingtheir decisions.She will have thefinal wordon the dressprinciple.I thinka dressprinciple is a goodidea.The reasonis simple.School istough enoughwithoutworrying aboutlooking coolevery singleday.The factis,the lessI haveto decidefirst thingin the morning,the better.I cant tellyou howmany morningsI lookinto mycloset andjuststare,unable to decide whattowear.Of course,there areother morningswhen myroom lookslikea stormhad hitit,with bitsand piecesof adozen differentpossible clotheson thebed andon the floor.I alsowouldn tmind nothaving tosee guyswearing oversizedjeans andshirts.And Icertainly wouldwele notseeing kidsshowing offdesigner-labeled clothes.Andyissurprised atmy opinion.He sayshe cant believethat Iwould bewilling togiveup myall-American teenagebirthright bydressing like一well,likeatypical teenager.Lastnight,he evendragged outMom andDad shigh schoolphoto albums.What acouple ofpeace-lovinghippies（嬉皮土）they were!“Bruce Springsteennever worea schooluniform.Bob Dylanwouldn thave beencaught deadin a schooluniform!“If I havetowear auniform,I wont feel like me!”he declared.To whichI replied,“So yourpersonal heroesdidn twear school uniforms.Big deal!Theywent tohigh schoolabout amillion yearsago!I feelsorry foryou,brother dear.I hadno ideathat you areso fragilethat youwouldbepletely destroyedby grayor bluepants,a whiteorblue shirt,a tie,and ablazer.”That reallymade himangry.Then hesaid,You rejust mimicking（模仿）what you hearthat newmusic teachersaying!”“That isso nottrue.I msaying exactlywhat Ithink,“I said,raising myvoice inwhatmom wouldcall“a veryrude manner.”“You have always beenstupid,and youknow it!”he shouted.“Is thatso Anyonewho doesnt agreewith youis automaticallystupid.Andthat sthe stupidestthing of all!”I said.Fortunately,the bellrang beforewe coulddo each other physicalharm,andwe wentthankfully toour separateclasses.The votefor oragainst uniformstook placelater thatday.The resultsof thevote andthe headmaster,s decisionwill be announced nextweek.I wonderwhat itwill be.I know how Ivoted,and I m prettysure I knowhowAndy voted.How wouldyou vote—for oragainst
55.Amy andAndy quarrelbecauseA.they sharea cupboardB.Amy likesto showoffC.they bothhave theword fordressprincipleD.they alwaystakethe oppositeviews onissues
56.The story is aboutA.a conflictof opinionsbetween boysand girlsB.a historicalevent andis toldin thethird personC.a personalexperience andis toldin the first personD.aschoolpolicy decisionthat willaffect parentsand students
57.Amy sopinion onschooluniformsare mostlikely basedonA.logical conclusionsdrawn fromher ownpersonal experienceB.an emotionalreaction towhat she has beentold bypeople in authorityC.her preferencefor designer-labeled clothesD.not likinganything herbrother likes
58.Which of the followingisthe best statementof Andys opinionsA.School clothingshould reflectparents values.B.Teenagers should never followthe latestfashions indress.C.How onedresses shouldbeanexpression ofone sindividuality.D.Wearing schooluniforms meansone less decision everymorning.
59.Which of these statementsfrom thestoryis a formof anemotional appealA.The teachersare divided:some are infavorof uniforms;others areopposed.B.You areso fragilethat youwouldbepletely destroyedby grayor bluepants.C.The resultsof thevote andtheheadmaster,sdecisionwill beannounced nextweek.D.The hottopic inschool was all about the PTAs proposalto adopta schooldressprinciple.
60.What isthebesttitle forthe passageA.A SchoolDress PrincipleB.My StubbornTwin BrotherC.Endless Fightswith MyBrother D.For orAgainst一That IstheQuestion第二节下面文章中有5处（第81-85题）需要添加小标题请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并在答题纸上将相应的位置上选项中有一项是多余选项B.Use businessrecordingsC.Speak slowlyand clearlyD.Learn telephonemannersE.Practice oftenwithafriendF.Always beconsiderate of your friendsG.Make sureyou understandthe otherspeakerTelephone tipsIfthe phonerings and someone speaksin English,don tbe afraidto answer it!The fearoftalking on the phonein asecond languagewill disappearif youpractice often.Here areafew tipsfor helpingyou improveyour abilityto answera call in English.
61._______________Listening to someone speakingin asecond languageover the telephone canbe verychallengingbecause youcannot seethe personyou aretrying tohear.However,it maybe evenmore difficultforthe personyou aretalking withto understandyou.You maynot realizethat yourpronunciationisn tclear becauseyour teacherand fellowstudents knowand understandyou.Pay specialattentionto yourweak areasof yourpronunciation whenyou areonthe phone.
62._______________Don tpretend tounderstand everythingyouhearover thetelephone.Even nativespeakersask each other torepeat andconfirm informationfrom time to time.This isespecially importantif you aretaking amessage forsomeone else.Learn theappropriate expressionsthat Englishspeakersuse whenthey dont hearsomething properly.Don tbe afraidto remindthe persontoslow downmorethanonce.Keep yourtelephone inan areathat isaway fromother noisedistractionssuch asa radioor television.
63..Ask anotherstudent topractice talkingonthephone with you.You mightchoose onenighta weekand taketurns phoningeachotherat a certain time.Try to talk forat leastfifteen minutes.You cantalk socially,or roleplay differentscenarios ina businessenvironment.The mostimportantthing aboutpracticing telephoneEnglish is that youare not able tosee eachothers mouths.
64..There aremany waysto getfree telephoneEnglish practice.After businesshours,you cancalland listento recordedmessages.Write downwhat youhear thefirst time,and thencall backandcheck ifyour notesare accurate.Make sureyou have a penhandy sothat youcan repeat theinformation andcheck yourprehension.
65..The waythat youspeak toyour bestfriend onthephoneis verydifferent from the wayyoushould speaktosomeoneinabusiness setting.Many speakersmake themistake of being toodirecton thetelephone.It ispossible that the personontheother linewill think thatyouare beingrudeon purposeifyou dontuse formallanguage incertain situations.Sometimes justone wordsuch as couldor mayis necessaryin orderto soundpolite.Take thetimetolearn how to answerthephone andsay goodbyeinapolite manner,as wellasall the variousways onecan startandend aconversation casually.Listening tosomeone onthetelephoneis likelistening toa tapedrecording inclass.Theonly differenceisthatyou havetotalkback!Follow thetips aboveand rememberthat practicemakesperfect!试卷II写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号
（八），并在其下面写上该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉修改在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词注意
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分Last weekendwe wentmountain一climbing.Even theheavy rainin themorning couldnot preventusgo.Setting offvery early,we wentalong anextreme narrowroad,all inhigh spirits.On everysideof theroad weregreen fieldsand somefarm house.We could hear thesound ofthe rainandour footstepsmixed withlaughter.At noonwe reachedtop ofthe mountain.That surprisedus mostwas the beauty ofthescenes here.After havinga short rest and sharing with the food we hadbrought,we startedgoing down.It rainedeven harder.We arewet to the skin,and westill sangand laughed happily.第二节书面表达（满分30分）春节期间，很多同学收到了父母和亲戚给的压岁钱，近日，你在你班做了一个关于“生如何使用压岁钱（lucky money）的调查，请根据以下内容和要求写一篇短文【写作内容】
1.使用方式1）一些同学存入银行，养成节约的习惯；2）一些同学购买书籍，获取更多的知识；3）其他方式（至少写两种方式）；
2.请发表你对压岁钱使用的看法【写作要求】字数100—120字；文章第一句已经给出，不计入总数money in myRecently,I havecarried out a surveyon howmiddle schoolstudents useour luckyclass.2015学年第二学期十校联合体高三期初联考英语参考答案命题老师乐清单项选择1-5BCDCD6-10CDCBC11-15ABADA16-20BDABC完形填空21-25CBCAD26-30ABCDA31-35CCDBC36-40ABDBC阅读理解41-45CDADC46-49BAAC50-54DAABC55-60DCACBD61-65BFDAC短文改错Last weekendwe wentmountain一climbing.Even theheavy rainin themorning couldnot preventusgo.goingSetting offvery early,we wentalong anextreme narrowroad,allinhigh spirits.On everysideof theroad wereextremelyeach/eithergreen fieldsandsomefarm house.We couldhear thesound ofthe rainand ourfootsteps mixedwithour laughter.housesAt moonwe reache，\top ofthe mountain.That surprisedus mostwasthebeautyofthe sceneshere.Afterthe Whattherehavingashortrestandsharingwiththefoodwe had brought,we startedgoing down.Itrained evenharder.We arewet tothe skin,and westill sangandlaughedhappily,were but书面表达Recently,I havecarried out a surveyon howmiddle schoolstudents useour luckymoney in myclass.The majorityof myclassmates wouldlike tosave itin thebankto cultivatea goodhabit ofsaving money,and wecan takeit outwhen wereally needit.Someof usfeellikebuying somebooks onscience orarts whichbring usmore knowledge,while somestudentsintend to spend iton theirhobbies.Some areso warm-hearted asto offertheir luckymoneytothe children in the remotedistrict to get education.Others preferto spendmoney onstampcollecting,music,sports andso on.Personally speaking,different personsmay havedifferent choiceson howtospendhis orherlucky money,but weshouldneverwaste itjust eatingjunk foodor playingelectronic games.A.could B.must C.might D.ought to
8.By now,no onehas eup witha nexplanation ofwhy dinosaursdied out,and itremains amystery.A.astonishing B.amusing C.convincing D.puzzling
9.一You looktired,Jack.Whats wrongwithyou—Oh,I workedquite latelast night.Nothing wrongwith me,.A.although B.though C.yet D.still
10.The Internetallows usquick toallthedata andresearch findingsin thefieldsavailable worldwide.A.entrance B.charge C.access D.advance
11.Sherry hastaught methat nomatter howbad thingsseem theycan in the end.A.work outB.make outC.set outD.pick out
12.Over
1.8million ofHong Kongs residents have sentoutaclear messageagainstthe movementthey wantan endto disordersand areturn tonormal life.A.what B.that C.which D.where
13.The newtechnology,if torice growing,will helpincrease thegrain output.A.applied B.applying C.to applyD.having applied
14.一I hearthat Jasonis planningto buya newcar.一Iknow.By nextmonth,he enoughforaused one.A.has savedB.saves C.will besaving D.willhavesaved
15.Readers arerequired tothe rulesofthelibrary andmind theirmanners.A.observe B.confirm C.review D.appreciate
16.Experts andteachers allthinkthatfailure isnotabad thingto someA.greatly B.necessarily C.definitelyextent.D.extremely
17.Tomorrow we，11pay avisit toa museum,next toisanice restaurantwhere wecan haveItalianfood.A.that B.this C.it D.which
18.—Mr.Anderson ispopular withhis students,for heis kind,strict andknowledgeable.一No wonderhehassuchagood.A.reputation B.tradition C.preference D.presentation
19.She wouldmove quietlyup tothe sparrowon asmall treejust toget abetter look,her facewithchildlike expressionsat oneof God,s simplewonders.A.shone B.shining C.having shoneD.being shone
20.Afraid Thistype ofanxiety candeeply disturbpeople senjoyment ofsocial relationships.A.of laughingat B.to belaughed atC.ofbeinglaughed atD.to laughat第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）A fewmonths ago,I waspicking upthechildrenat school.Emily,another motherthat Iknewwell,rushed up to me.She wasfull of
21.“Do youknow22you andI are”she asked.23Icouldanswer,she gaveoutthereasonfor herquestion.She hadjust returnedfrom renewingher driverslicense ata governmentoffice.The woman24desk askedher whather“occupation“was.Emily hesitated,25howtoanswerit.What I mean is,“explained thewoman,“do youhavea job,or areyou justa.・・”“Of courseIhaveajob,“answered Emily.I ma an
26.”“We dont27mother asan occupation...’housewife coversit,“she said.I forgotall abouther story28one dayI foundmyself in thesamesituation.This timeitwas atour ownTown Hall.The clerkwasawoman.“And whatis youroccupation”she asked.What29me sayit,I donot know.The wordssimplyjumped out.Im...a an30in thefield ofChild Developmentand HumanRelations.”The clerkstopped,her ball-point pen31in mid-air.She lookedup32uMight Iask,said theclerk withnew interest,just whatyoudoin yourshehad notheard right.I repeatedthe titleslowly.33”Coolly,I heardmyself34,“Ihavea continuingprogram ofresearchin thelaboratory andin thefield.Imworking formy mastersthe wholefamily andalreadyhave35credits令人增光的人或事物all daughters.I oftenwork14hours aday24is morelike it.The jobismorechallenging thanmost jobsandthe36areinsatisfaction ratherthan justmoney.”There wasan increasingnote of37intheclerk,s voiceas she38intheform.As Idrove intoourdriveway私家车道，I was39by mylabassistants—ages13,7,and
3.Inside thehouse Icouldhearour newexperimentalmodel sixmonths inIfelt successful.Motherhood...what agreat40_.
21.A.surprise B.anxiety C.angerD.excitement
22.A.who B.whatC.how D.why-
23.A.When B.As C.BeforeD.Since
24.A.atB.after C.byD.around
25.A.nervous B.sureC.anxiousuncertain
26.A.mother B.workerC.teacherD.doctorB.list
27.A.thinkC.expectD.givethe child-development program.
28.A.since B.unless C.untilD.whenB.caused C.permit
29.A.gotD.madeB.manager C.expert
30.A.researcherD.scholarB.floated C.frozen
31.A.droppedD.brokeB.even thoughC.as though
32.A.so thatD.because ofB.subject C.study
33.A.familyD.fieldB.reply C.shout
34.A.wordsD.whisperB.three C.four
35.A.twoD.fiveB.awards C.profits
36.A.rewardsD.benefitsB.respect C.doubt
37.A.interestD fearB.passed C.pleted
38.A.explainedD.filled B.greeted C.recognized
39.A.acceptedB.award C.careerD.refused
40.A.person第三部分阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）AOn anumber ofdrives throughoutmy childhood,my motherwould suddenlypull overthe carto examineaflower bythe sideoftheroad orrescue abeetle（甲壳虫）from tragedywhile I,inmylate teensandearly twenties,sat impatientlyinthecar.Though Mother s Dayfollows EarthDay,for me,they havealways beenrelated toeachother.My momhasbeen“green“since shebecame concernedaboutthe environment.Part of this habit was bornof thrift（节俭）・Like her mother andher grandmotherbefore her,mom savesglass jars,empty cheesecontainersand reusesher plasticbags.Mom createsa kindof harmoniousrelationship withwildlife in her yard.She knowsto pickthe appleson her treesa littleearly toavoid thebears andthat ifshe leavesthe birdfeeders（给食器）out atnight,it islikely thatthey willbe knockeddown bya familyof raccoons（浣熊）.Spiders thatmaketheir wayinto thehouse andare caughtin juiceglasses willbe setloose inthe garden.I tryto teachmy childrenthat lookingout forthe environmentstarts withbeing awareof theenvironment.On busystreets,we lookfor dandelions（蒲公英）to flyinthewind;we sayhello toneighborhoodcats andpick upplastic cupsand paperbags.This teachinges easily,I realize,becauseI wastaught sowell byexample.Mom didnt needto lecture;she didnt needto beata drumto changetheworld.She simplyslowed downenough toenjoy livingin itand withthat joycame mercyand aninstinctfor protection.I amslowing downand it isn tbecause ofthe weightof mynearly fortyyears onthe planet,itis outof myconcern forthe planetitself.I vebegun tosave glassjars andreuse packingenvelopes.I pauseinmydaily tasksto watchthe squirrelsrace eachother inthe treesabove myhouse.Last summer,inthepany ofmy sonand daughter,I plantedtomatoes inmy yard.With theheat ofAugustaround me,I atethefirstwhile sittingon mylow wallwith dirton myhands.Warm from the sun,it burstonmy tonguewith sweetness.I immediatelywanted toshare withmy mom.
41.Why doesthe authorsay EarthDay isconnected withMothers DayA.Because Mothers Dayfalls shortlyafter EarthDay.B.To showthat allthe olderwomen inher familyare environmentalists.C.To showhow muchher mothercares aboutthe environment.D.Because her mother showsher howto befriendly tonature onMother,sDay.
42.Which ofthe followingis NOTrelated toMom sgreen life”A.Rescuing abeetle fromacertaintragedy.B.Saving glassjars,empty cheesecontainers.C.Setting acaught spiderfree inthe gardenD.Picking dandelionson busystreets.
43.We caninfer fromthe articlethat.A.the authorrealizes thatshe shouldteach herchildren byexample aswellB.the author,s motherknows howtogetrid ofthe wildlifeinheryardC.the authorbelieves thatonly bylearning toslow downcan weenjoy lifeD.the authorJs motherused tolecture herto protecttheenvironment.
44.What canbe learnedfromthelast paragraphA.Tomatoes arethe authors favouritefruit.B.It ishermotherwho taughtthe authorto planttomatoes.C.Planting tomatoesisaway ofprotecting environment.D.The authorreally appreciateshermother,s teaching.
45.The writer,s attitudetowards hermom sbehavior changedintheorder ofA.understanding一negative一supporting B.supporting一doubtful一negativeC.negative一understanding一supporting D.doubtful一negative一supportingBelow isan entrytaken froman Englishdictionary.scratch accidentally,by makingthin shallowmarks onIt:Thevert,now^adjective carspaintwork isbadly scratched.make/remove markrubwith yournaifs E[VN♦adv./prep.]to makeor removea mark,etc onD~at sth to rubyour skinwith yournails,usuallysth deliberately,by rubbingit with sth hardor sharpbecauseitisITCHING:[VN]John yawnedandThey scratchedlines inthe dirtto markoutapitch.♦scratched hischin.♦The dogscratched itselfbehindWe scratchedsome ofthe dirtaway.♦figurativethe ear..[V]Try not to scratch..She scratchedat theYoucan scratchmy nameoff thelist.insect biteson herarm.cutstdnmake soundR一sb/sth/yourself onsthtocut ordamage yourQ[V][usually^adv./prep.]to makean irritatingnoiseskin slighttywith sth sharp:[VN]rd scratchedmy legbyrubbing sthwithsthsharp:The dogkept scratchinganditwasbleeding.♦She scratchedherself ona nail.atthedoor txgo out.♦His penscratched awayon♦[V]Does thecat scratchdamage surfacethepaper.♦We couldhear micesaatching behindtheQVN]to damagethe surface of sth,espedaltywall.a livingE[VN]z aliving,to make enough moreyto liveon.but withdifficulty:75%ofthepopulationsaatch aliving fromthe soil.cancel saatdungsbs skinorthe surface ofsth:Her hands-sb/$th from sth,todecidethat sth cannot werecovered inscratches fromthe brambles.ahappen orsb/sthcannottake partin sth,before itscratch onthe paintwork♦Its only a scratch=a verystarts:[VN]to scratcha rocketlaunch♦The horsewas slightinjury.♦He escapedwithout a scratch=wasscratched fromthe racebecause ofinjury.not hurtat all.soundIdioms:scratch yourhead oversth,to thinkhard In{2[sing.]the unpleasantsound ofsthsharpx roughorderto findan answerto sth:Experts have been beingrubbed againsta surfacewith yournaHsscratching theirheads overthe increaseIn teenageC2[sing.]the actof scratchinga partofyourbodyenme,scratch the.surfaceofsth,to dealvdth rwhen ItITCHES:Go on,haveagood scratch!Idioms:understand,or findout aboutonlyasmall partof afrom scratch,without anyprevious preparationorsubject orproblem:We leftfeeling thatwehadjustknowledge:They deededto dismantle〔he machinescratchedthesurfaceofthisfascinating country.,youand startagain fromscratch.♦He builtthe orchestrascratohmy backand Illscratch yourssaying,usedup fromscratch.tosaythat ifsb helpsyou,you willhelp them,even Ifbe/come upto scratch,bring sb/sth upto scratch,this isunfair toothers PhrasalVerbs:scratch about/as goodas sth/sb shouldbe;satlsfectory:His worfcaroundfor sth,to searchfor sth,especially withsimplyisnt upto scratch4♦IM takemonths tobringdifficulty scratchsth out;to removea word,especiallythe bandupto scratch.a name,fromsthwritten,usually byputting aline9adject/^BrEthrough itmnoon maWcutOputtogether ina hurryusing whateverpeople orn[C]a mark,a cutor aninjury madebymaterials areavailable:ascratchteam Gespecially Ingolf withno HANDICAPa scratchplayer
46.“Be carefulnottoscratch thefurniture”most probablymeans“Be carefulnotA.remove anymarks B.damage itssurfaceC.make anynoises D.change itspositionto
47.The word“scratch〃in Ittook ussome timetoscratchthe paintfromthewall.”has thesame meaningasin”.A.We scratchedsome ofthe dirtaway.B.The carspaintwork isbadly scratchedC.The dogkept scratchingatthedoor togo outD.She scratchedattheinsect bitesonherarm.
48.“She hadscratched becauseofaknee injury”might implythat“She couldn，t・A.take partinarace B.cancel aprepared activityC.makealiving D.makeenoughmoney
49.When theFrench girlsays Ilearned Germanfromscratchfor sixmonths”,she meansshe.A.had previouslywell preparedB.was unsatisfiedwith herGermanC.knew noGerman beforethat D.found fewmaterials availableCMorethan fourdecades agoBritish scientistRobertEdwardsfirst witnessedthe miracleof humanlifegrowing insidea test tube athis Cambridgelab.Since thatground-breaking moment,more thanfourmillion babieshavebeenborn throughIVFandin2010his greatcontribution toscience wasfinallyrecognized ashewasawarded theNobel Prizefor medicine.The prizefor DrEdwards,who wasgiven aDaily MirrorPride ofBritain Awardin2008,includes£900,000cheque.The NobelAssembly describedIVF asa milestonein modernmedicine”.With thehelp offellow scientistPatrick Steptoe,the Manchester-born physiologistdevelopedIVF一leading tothebirthoftheworlds firsttesttubebaby.Dr Steptoedied10years laterbuttheir workhas transformedfertili--ty treatmentand givenhopetomillions ofcouples.It wasa scientificbreakthrough thattransformed thelives ofmillionsofcouples.They said:〃His achievemen--tshavemade itpossible totreat infertility,adiseasewhich makeshuman unable。
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