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第二讲主谓一致［全析考法1I.单句语法填空（•全国卷）
1.2018I Whilerunning regularlycant makeyou liveforever,the reviewsays（）it bemore effectiveat lengtheninglife thanwalking,cycling orswimming.解析根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态is应保持一致，故使用一般现在时指代上一句的是第三人称单数，故填it runningregularly,iso（•全国卷）（）
2.2017I Fastfood befull offat andsalt;by eatingmore fastfood peoplewillget moresalt andfat thanthey needin theirdiet.解析本句中的主语是是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，且is fastfood,此处讲的是现状，所以填is（,全国卷）（）
3.2016II Leaving the less important thingsuntil tomorrowbe oftenacceptable.解析is主语是“Leavingthelessimportantthings untiltomorrow”，所以谓语用单数形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时II.单句改错（•全国卷）
1.2018lll Theclassroom isa placefor learningand thatinclude learningfromtextbooks,and mistakesas well.解析分析句子结构可知，引导定语从句，修饰关系代词替代includef includesthat place,在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致，谓语动词也使用第三人称单数place的形式（浙江高考）
2..2016-He wouldask whowe wasand pretendnot toknow us.解析从句中的主语是为复数，故动词应该用was-were we,be were
3.（2014•全国卷II）My dreamschool startsat830a.m.and ends...My dreamschoollook likea biggarden.解析最后一句的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可look-looks知应用一般现在时，所以用lookso（•辽宁高考）
4.2014The earlymorning barkinghave beendisturbing usas weare oftenupall nightwith thebaby.解析have-has句子的主语为“The earlymorningbarking”，故谓语动词应用单数形式（•陕西高考）一
5.2014Suddenly thearrows wasflying downat usfrom thesky theylookedlike rain!_________________解析was—were句中主语是“thearrows，为复数形式，故be动词应该用wereI谨记规则1
（一）并列主语的主谓一致当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用连接，并表示两个不同的概念时，
1.and,both...and谓语动词用复数形式但连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名词前没and有限定词，谓语动词用单数形式，如the needleand thread,the forkand knife,iron andsteel,mud等and sandBothtea andcoffee aremy favorites.The writerand professor,who Ioften referto atthe meetings,is popularamong thosepeople.由叮,修饰的名词作主语时，即使有连接多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用
2.each,eve noand单数形式（）No soundand novoice has been heardfor along time.Every boyand everygirl istreated in the sameway inour school.由…等连接并列主语时，3,or,nor,either...orneither...nor not only…but also谓语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致Either youor I am goingto bein chargeof thismatter.后接几个并列名词时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则
4.there be,here bebeThere isan orangeand fourbananas left.
（二）数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致“分数百分数L+of/+OF/the restof/PLENTY OF/the majorityof/LOTS OF/a lotof/a可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于后名词quantity of+of的数但…作主语时，谓语动词用复数quantities ofAboutone thirdof thebooks areworth reading.A quantityof wateris needed for cooling purpose.=Quantities ofwater areneededforcoolingpurpose.不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数但
5.a greatdeal of/a large amount of+large…作主语，谓语动词用复数amounts ofAlargeamountof grainhasbeeneaten bybirds.=Large amountsof grainhave beeneaten bybirds.修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
6.a number of,a varietyof thenumber of,the variety后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数ofThe number of thestudents inour classis50,and anumberof them arefrom Hebei.A numberof studentshave gonefor anouting.由等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决于
7.kind,form,type,species,portion,series这些词的数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数Some newforms ofart werediscussed atthe meeting.三其他情况的主谓一致当主语后带有
1.as wellas,as muchas,no lessthan,with,along with,together with,like,等连接的成分时，谓语动词的单复数rather than,but,except,besides,including,in additionto取决于前面主语的单复数The house,including thegarden andthe park,was sold.I thinkthe boss,rather thanthe workers,was toblame forthe loss.在复数名词+引导的定语从句中，定语从句的谓语动词用复
2.“one of+who/WHICH/that”数前面如果有修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数one theonly/veryThis isone ofthe questionsthat havebeen askedby thestudents.He isthe onlyone ofthe officerswho wasinvited to the ball.单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数
3.“more thanone/many an+More thanone boylikes to play basketballwhile manya girlis goodat playingbaseball.
4.强调句itis/WAS.・.THAT/who…中，主句谓语总是用单数It ishe whotells usthe news.不定式、动词形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
5.-ingTo obeythe lawis everyone*s duty.Eating toomany sweetsruins yourteeth.Why hedid itwas veryclear.由两部分构成一个整体的物体名词如等作主语时，
6.shoes,trousers,pants,jeans,glasses谓语动词用复数但如果这类名词前用了等来修饰，a pairof,a pieceof,a kindof,a seriesof谓语动词的单复数与表示计量单位的名词一致His trousersare toolong towear.This pairof glasseswas foundin thebag.语法填空解题视角”“3看主语人称，确定谓语动词形式
1.看充当主语的词短语，确定谓语动词形式
2.看到主语为动名词短语不定式或从句，要想到谓语应为第三人称单数形式；1/to do看到“分数/百分数名词”作主语，要想到谓语的数取决于名词2+of+看到等结构，要想到用就近一致原则
3.there be据第条解题
11.The designon theback showsshow theyellow-eyed penguin,one ofthe worldsrarestpenguins.
2.Having traveledfrom Chinathrough Kazakhstan,Russia,Belarus,Poland,Germany,Belgium andFrance for18days,the trainfinally arrivedin London.Inside the68containers werebehousehold goods,clothing,cloth,bags andsuitcases.据第条解题
23.Two-fifths ofthe landin thatdistrict iscovered coverwith treesnow,about80%ofwhich weve_planted_plant in the1990s.
4.Listening toloud musicat rockconcerts hanausedcause hearingloss insome teenagersoverthe years.据第条解题
35.Not onlyJasper but also hisfriends arebe planningto go,because theyhave neverbeenthere before.6・There bealso manysmall universitieswith onlya fewhundred students.短文改错解题原则”“3通过“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题
1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词1用复数在定语从句中，关系代词等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行2that,who,which词的数一致单个的动名词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数但引导的主语从句表3what示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数主语后跟有等引起的并列主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面4with,together with,as wellas的主语保持一致复数形式单数意义的词，如作主语时，谓语动词用单数形5news,maths,plastics,physics式通过“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题
2.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的1一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式常见的集体名词有family,class,team,group,public,mittee,等government,audience“分数/百分数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后名词22/the majority+of+of的数以及其表示的意义；等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主all,some,half,most,the rest语实际表达的意义通过“就近一致”原则解决主谓一致问题
3.由…等连接的并列主语或者在句型中，either...orneither...nornot only...butalsothere be谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致据第条解题
11.pared withonline games,many traditionalgames,like hide-and-seek,benefits kidsmentallyand physically,benefitsf benefit
2.Dr.Smith,together withhis wifeand daughters,are goingto visitBeijing thissummer.are^is据第条解题
23.As aresult ofthe seriousflood,two-thirds ofthe buildingsinthearea needsrepairinq.—jieedsf need
4.98%ofthesurface arecovered permanentlyby iceand strongwinds drivenby gravityblowfrom thepole tothe coastline.are^Hs据第条解题
35.There wasa largenumberofpeople andthe trainwas crowded,but everyonehelped第一个those whohad lotsof baggageand behavedpolitely.wa§f were
6.Here eyour opportunity:the StudentUnion willorganize aPoetry WritingConteste fes「语篇综合检测］I.语法填空I lostmy last debate inthe recentNational HighSchool AcademicDebateSpeechTournament heldin Shanghai.But insteadof focusingon my1fail,I stoppedto reflecton myexperiencesinthepast fewyears2a debater.In general,preparing for new debate topics usually3include brainstormingarguments,解决，researching aresolution anddoing debatepractice.So ifyou spota debatinggroup,youmight seeus sittingtogether after school,or evenall dayat weekends,discussing argumentsandresearching evidence.You mightalso noticeus arguing4fierce anywherewe can.Not onlyare theysupportive,but mydebate friendsalso havesimilar passionsand intereststomine.As wediscuss debatetopics,my fellowdebaters and I cantalk aboutanything,from5best改造way ofrehabilitating criminalstothenegative pointsof freeimmigration policies.However,our discussionsare more than justa way6practice ourdebating skills.In mymind,they helpusto beecalm andconsider7win andsolving realproblems aswell.To me,the debatingmunity isa greatplace_8_people helpeach othernotonlybecausethey*re interestedin ahigher cause,but becausethey careabout howpeople fromdifferent9background canlead betterlives.Fm gratefulto eachof mydebate friendsand everysingleminute wegot tospend together.Indeed,my highschool lifewould beinplete withoutthem.So eventhoughI defeatin mylastdebate,Tm stillthankful forbeing partof mywonderful debatefamily.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文作者虽然在一次辩论赛中失败了，但停下来反思过去几年作为一名辩手的经历，作者依然觉得获益匪浅考查词性转换根据空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处应用名词，故填L failuremy fail的名词形式failureo考查介词句意但“我”并没有把注意力集中到自己的失败上，而是停下来反思
2.as过去几年自己作为一名辩手的经历根据句意可知此处用介词表示“作为as,考查动词的时态和主谓一致本句中主语为是
3.includes preparingfornewdebatetopics,动名词短语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式考查词性转换句意你也有可能注意到在任何我们能辩论的地方我们都在激
4.fiercely烈地争论空处修饰应用副词arguing,考查冠词形容词的最高级前要用定冠词故此处应填
5.the the,the考查非谓语动词句意然而，我们的讨论不仅仅是练习我们辩论技巧的一
6.to practice种方法此处形式作定语to do考查非谓语动词在“我”看来，它们有助于我们变得镇静，也帮助我们考虑
7.winning赢得辩论比赛和解决真正的问题动词consider“考虑”后跟动词・ing形式作宾语考查定语从句分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，
8.where先行词为故用place,whereo考查名词复数因为他们关心的是来自不同背景的人如何能过上更好的生
9.backgrounds活作“出身，个人背景”讲时为可数名词，空前有修饰，故此处应用background different其复数形式考查动词的时态和语态句意因此，尽管在上次的辩论中“我”被击
10.was defeated败了，但“我”仍然感谢自己是非常棒的辩论家族的一员根据句意可知此处用被动语态，且此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态II.短文改错When talkedabout sport,I alwaysfeel veryexciting becauseI likeit somuch.I loveplayingtennis,but itis myfavorite sport.One daywhen Icame homeafterschool,I turnedon TVandwatch atennis match.At first,I wasabsolute attractedby thebeautiful tennisplayers.When Iwatchedthe matchfor tenminute,I foundit reallywonderful.From thenon,I startedto watchtennismatches.I havelearned toplay thetennis,andIoften inviteour friendstoplaywith me.Mylove totennis aremorethanI canexpress.Iamso happyto sharethe sameinterest myfriends.答案第一句talked-*^talking;exciting-*excited第二句but-and第三句watchfwatched第四句absoluteabsolutely第五句第七句去掉minute—minutes the;ourf my第八句are-is第九句interest后加with。
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