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纤维无定型的，非结晶的
1.fiber
16.amorphous纱线单体
2.yarn
17.monomer
3.longitudinal轴向的
18.morphology形态组织结构
4.textile纺织品
19.crystalline结晶的长丝交织
20.filament
5.interlace芯吸属名
21.wicking
6.generic name挠性，柔曲性，柔韧性人造纤维
22.flexibility
7.manmade fiber应力应变曲线天然纤维
23.stress-strain curve
8.natural fiber线密度
24.linear density短纤维
9.staple fiber亚麻
25.flax强度
10.tenacity热塑的
26.thermoplastic长宽比
11.Length-to-Width Ratio拒水性
27.water repellency股，绞，单纱，须条
12.strand亲水的
28.hydrophilic疏水的
13.hydrophobic聚合物
29.polymer粘结性
14.Cohesiveness标准
30.criteriaPart
1.Translate thefollowing wordsinto Chinese15pointsPart
2.Translate thefollowing wordsinto English15points木浆粕和棉仔绒是用于生产弹性纤维室内装潢Elastic fiberUpholstery醋酯纤维和人造丝的纯净纤维素的两大主要来源木浆粕是用木材制造的首先将树皮剥离，然后再将木材切成小片这些小木片经过亚硫酸钙处理以后，在压力下蒸几个小时这样木材就会降解产生纯净的纤维素
3.The burning test is a goodpreliminary testfor categorizingfibers.Observation ofburningprovides informationon behaviorin aflame,smoke generation,odor duringburning,andash orresidue.It nevershould be used as the onlymethod ofidentifying afiber,but itprovidesvaluable informationthat may beusedwith otherevidence tomake apositiveidentification of an unknownfiber.在鉴别纤维时，燃烧试验是一种很好的初步检测方法观察燃烧时火焰的燃烧状态、烟的产生、燃烧时的气味、燃烧后的灰烬能提供很多有用的信息但是，在鉴别某种纤维时，决不能只选用燃烧试验来下结论这种方法必须和其他检验方法一起使用才能对一个未知纤维进行准确地鉴别
4.ASTM D123defines yarnas a continuous strand of textilefibers,filaments,or materialina formsuitable forknitting,weaving,or other-wise interwiningto form a textilefabric.将纱线定义为由纺织纤维、长丝，或者以适合于针织、机织或其他捻合ASTM D123方式形成织物的形式存在的材料构成的连续须条
5.Fibers areusually twistedtogether bythe processof spinningto producea yarnthat willwithstand the rigorsof weavingor kniting.The direction in which the fibersare twistedandthe amountof twistinserted affectthe properties of yarnsandthe products thatcan bemadefrom theyarns.Twist affectsstrength,luster,abrasion resistance,hand,absorbency,and flexibility.通常将纤维经过纺纱工艺进行加捻形成纱线以经受机织或针织过程中剧烈的冲击加捻的方向和数量会影响纱线的性能，并对该纱线所制成的产品性能产生影响加捻会对纱线的强力、光泽、耐磨性、手感、吸湿性，以及柔韧性产生影响
6.Ring spinningis essentiallya discontinuousprocess in whichtheshort rawfiber goesthrougha seriesof machinesthat transformit intoacontinuousstrandofyarn.The majorproductionstages ofring spinningare opening,blending,carding,drawing,roving,andspinning,which includestwisting andwinding.环锭纺实质上是一种非连续的生产工艺过程，在这个生产过程中，短的原料纤维经过一系列的机器被加工成一个连续的须条一纱线环锭纺的主要工艺流程包括开松、混合、梳理、并条、粗纱和细纱，其中在细纱工艺包括加捻和卷绕丝光处理聚酰胺（系）纤维Mercerized Polyamidefiber屈服点变性聚丙烯yield pointModacrylic耐磨牢度尼龙Abrasion resistanceNylon走锭纺纱机芳族聚酰胺Spinning muleAramid米制的，公制的聚酯Metric Polyester商标粘胶纤维Trademark Rayon佥杆拉伸负荷Rapier ijTension load片梭玻璃化转变温度Projectile shuttleGlass transitiontemperature锭子，纺锤，心轴弹性Spindle Resiliency可燃性抗折皱性Flammability Wrinkleresistance纤维素蛋白质纤维Cellulose Proteinfiber柔韧性回潮率pliability moisture regain石棉纱支Asbestos Yarnsize高湿模量熔点High wetmodulus MeltingpointPart
3.Translate thefollowing sentencesinto English20points
1.对于混纺纱中的每种纤维，该纤维的属名及该纤维的重量百分比均应列出For eachfiber in a blend,both thegeneric nameof the fiber andpercentage byweight ofthatfiber areto belisted.
2.纤维抵抗反复弯曲而不断裂的能力被称为柔韧性或者粘结性The abilityof afiber toresistrepeated bendingwithout ruptureis flexibilityor pliability.
3.线密度，以旦尼尔，特克斯和分特表示，是最常见的用于比较纤维细度的方法Linear density,expressed interms ofdenier,tex,and decitex,is themost commonmethod forcomparingfiber fineness.
4.棉纤维的强力范围在
3.0到
5.0g/d之间，比蛋白质纤维的强力要高The tenacityof cottonrangesfrom
3.0to
5.0g/d,which ishigher thanthe tenacityof theprotein fibers.Part
4.Translate thefollowing sentencesinto Chinese50points
1.Fabric is a planarstructure producedby interlacingyarns inprocesses such as weaving,knitting,knotting,and braiding,or bybinding fiberstogether toformastructure.织物是通过诸如机织、针织、编结以及编织过程中纱线的交织而形成的一种平面结构，或是将纤维聚集在一起而形成的一种结构
2.The termsstaple andfilament indicatefiber length.Staple fibersare shortfibers whoselengthsmaybemeasured ininches.Filament fibersare extremelylong and are noteasilymeasured.Silk fibersfrom undamagedcocoons arefilaments,but the other naturalfibersare staplefibers.术语短纤和长丝表征的是纤维的长度短纤是指那些其长度可以用英寸来衡量的短纤维而长丝则是具有极长长度并且难于测量的纤维从未损的或译为完好的蚕茧中抽取的蚕丝属于长丝，但是其它的天然纤维均为短纤“短纤维”和“长丝”两个术语表示纤维长度“短纤维”就是可以用英寸来测量其长度的纤维，而“长丝”则是非常长的，一般不易测量来自完整的蚕茧中的蚕丝纤维是长丝，而其他天然纤维都是“短纤维”
3.The numberof monomerunits present in apolymer isreferred to asthedegree ofpolymerizationdp,The letterninthe formulafor polyethyleneindicates thenumber ofmonomerspresentinthe polymerand representsthe dpof thefiber.Materials formedfromtwo monomersare referredtoasdimers,and thosewith threeunits aretrimers.聚合物中出现的单体的数量称为聚合度聚乙烯分子式中的字母表征的是出现在该聚合物中的n单体数量，代表该纤维的聚合度由两个单体构成的材料被称为二聚物，而那些由三个单体构成的则称为三聚物
4.A fibermust possessenough strengthto withstandprocessing byavailable textilemachineryand providethe desireddurability inits enduse.The strengthofaspecimen（）subjected totension loadas distinctfrom torsion,compression,and shearloads isusuallyreported whenfiber propertiesare compared.纤维必须具有足够的强力以承受现行的纺织机械加工过程，并提供给最终用途中所期望的耐久性当比较纤维性能的时候，通常会报告（采用）试样在拉伸载荷下的强力（以区别于扭转负荷、压缩负荷以及剪切负荷）
5.Flax hasvery goodwicking properties.This makesthefibercomfortable towear butdifficultto dyeand finish.The wickingtendency isevident whena dropof wateris placedona linenfabric.The fabricwets outby followingthe lengthof yarnsrather thanspreadinginacircle.亚麻具有极好的芯吸性能这使得该纤维具有良好的穿着舒适性，但是也造成了染整的困难当一滴水置于亚麻织物之上时，这种芯吸的趋势很明显织物的润湿沿纱线长度方向而不是呈圆形扩散（或译为在一个圆周内扩散）亚麻具有很好的芯吸效应（性能），这种性质赋予了亚麻纤维很好的穿着舒适性，但却使亚麻纤维难于染色及后整理当一滴水滴在亚麻布上时，其芯吸趋向很明显织物沿纱线长度润湿的趋势要远胜于沿圆周方向的蔓延亚麻具有很好的芯吸性能，该性能使其织物穿着舒适但很难染色当一滴水置于亚麻织物上，芯吸性是很明显的，水会沿着纱线被织物吸收而非扩散成一个圆圈Part
1.Translate thefollowing wordsinto Chinese15points弹力纱布边1stretch yarn16selvage变形纱浆纱2textured yarn17slashing假捻变形多孔渗水的3false-twist texturing18porous热定型府绸4heat-set19poplin花式纱线线圈横列5fancy yarn20course简单纱线双面针织物6simple yarn21double knit装饰纱拉舌尔针织物7effect yam22raschel knit绳绒线，雪尼尔纱脱里考经编8chenille yarn23tricot knit双层织物纬编针织物9double cloth24weft knit织物经纬密度钩针，弹簧针10fabric count25spring-beard needle片梭织造11projectile weaving26latch needle12shed梭口27fake furpile人造毛皮13twill weave斜纹28flet毡，毡制品经纱纺粘型非织造物14warp29spun-bound fabric纬纱点状粘合15weft30spot-weldPart
2.Translate thefollowing wordsinto English15points蓬松纱灯芯绒1bulky yarn16corduroy拉伸假捻变形工之纬编针织物2draw texturing17circular knit喷气变形钩编3air-jet texturing18crochet knit合股线双罗纹针织物4plied yam19interlock knit芯纱线圈纵行5core yarn20wale加固纱经编针织物6bind yarn21warp knit喷气织造乔赛，平针组织7air jet weaving22jersey多臂提花组织毛圈针织物8dobby weave23pile knit提花织机钩丝，擦毛9Jacquard loom24snag平纹组织干法成网10plain weave25dry-laid web剑杆织造非织造织物11rapier weaving26nonwoven fabric缎纹组织射流喷网法非织物12satin weave27spun-laced fabric喷水织造湿法成网13water-jetweaving28wet-laid web机织物餐巾纸14woven fabric29napkin织疵窗帘15flaw30rapePart
3.Translate thefollowing sentencesinto English20points、百分之八十以上的变形纱由热塑性纤维生产而成这些纤维可以进行热定型生产热定型变形1纱的主要方法包括假捻变形、填塞箱卷曲变形等More than80percent oftextured yarnsare manufacturedfrom thermoplasticfibers.Thesefibers can be heat-set.The majorprocesses formaking textured yarns includefalse-twisttexturing,stuffer-box crimpingand soon.、机织物的基本组织包括平纹、斜纹和缎纹纬编针织物的基本组织包括平针组织、双反面组织、2浮线组织和集圈组织The basicweaves forwoven fabricsinclude plainweave,twill weaveand satinweave.Thebasic stitchesfor weft-knit fabricsinclude plainstitch,purl stitch,miss stitchand tuckstitch.Part
4.Translate thefollowing sentencesinto Chinese50pointsTextured filamentsare proneto snaggingbecause agreater surfacearea isavailable tocontactrough orsharp objects.Pilling mayalso becomea problemas someof thefinefilaments breakand thencapture lintfrom otherfabrics duringlaundering.Garments madefromtexturedyarnsfrequently arewashed wrongside outto reducevisible pilling.变形长丝由于具有更大的表面积接触到粗糙或锋利的物体因而易于钩丝在洗涤过程中由于一些细的长丝断裂后捕获其它织物上的短绒，也可能产生起球问题由变形纱制成的服装通常反面在外洗涤以减少可见的起球Fancy yarnsare usedto providedesign interest:their primarymarkets arein apparelanddecorative fabrics.The physicalpropertiesof these productsdepend onthe interactionoffiber,yarn construction,and finish.The constructionofthefabrics madefrom noveltyyarnsdetermines theirdurability.In general,it iseasier tomaintain theoriginal freshappearanceof fabricsconstructed fromsimple yarns.使用花式纱可以提供设计兴趣它们的主要市场是在服装和装饰织物这些产品的物理性质取决于纤维间的相互作用，纱线结构和后整理由花式纱制成的织物的结构决定了它们的耐用性一般来说，更易保持由简单纱线制成的织物的原有外观Most fabricsare producedon weavingmachines witheight orfewer harnesses;elaboratefabrics,however,require manyharnesses andthe specialattachments requiredto controlgroupsof harnesses,or theyhave mechanismssimilar tocomputer controlsthat moveeachindividual warpyarn toproduce complexpatterns.大多数织物是在具有八片或更少综框的织机上生产的，但是复杂的织物需要许多综框并且需要特殊的装置来控制综框组，或者需要类似计算机控制的机构，它们控制单根经纱的运动以生产复杂的花纹组织A fullyfashioned garmentis oneinwhichan entirepiece ofa garment,such asa skirtfrontor backor asweater frontor backor sleeve,is shapedas itis formed.Shaped knitsareformed byadding loops to widenincreasing orby combiningloopstonarrow agarmentsection decreasing.Garment producedby thisprocess areusually moreexpensive thancomparative“cut andsewn garmentsof weft-knitted fabrics.一件全成形的服装是指服装的一整片，比如裙子的前后片或运动衫的前片后片或袖子是在针织的同时成形的全成形针织物是通过加线圈来扩大增加或集合线圈来缩小减少服装片子的尺寸用这种工艺生产的服装通常比同类型裁剪缝纫而成的纬编针织物服装更昂贝The useof nonwovenproducts continuesto expand.No longerrelegated touses hiddenfromview,suchasinterlinings,substrates,carpet bases,insulation,and disposableproducts,these productsare findingwidespread usein homefurnishings,commercial andindustrialproducts,apparel,and geotextileapplications.非织造产品的使用持续扩大不再局限于隐蔽看不见的用途，比如衬里，底布，地毯基布,绝缘材料以及用即弃产品，这些产品正广泛地用于家居，商业和工业产品，服装以及土工布lntroductory ofTextile ScienceTest Paper2-AnswerScore________________Nam eCla ss醋酸纤维,醋酸酯
1.acetate Part
1.Translate thefollowing wordsinto Chinese老化,熟化
2.aging（）15points棉籽绒,棉短绒
3.linter流程图
4.flow chart捻度
16.twist熟化,使成熟
5.ripen合股，纱线股数
17.ply水解
6.hydrolysis捻合,缠结
18.intertwine分散染料染色的
7.disperse-dyed短纤维
19.staple/spun yarn定性分析
8.qualitative analysis精纺毛纱支数
20.worsted count表面着色，染斑，沾色
9.staining内聚力，抱合力
21.cohesion分析天平
10.analytical balance（绳、线的）股，缕；单纱，须条
22.strand消毒剂，杀菌剂
11.disinfectant花式纱线，花式丝线
23.fancy yarn切片机，切片刀
12.microtome梳理，粗梳，梳棉（毛、麻、绵）
24.carding各向异性的
13.anisotropic粗纺毛纱
25.woolen yarn分辨能力，分辨率
14.resolving power转杯纺纱
26.rotor spinning熄灭，消除
15.extinguish钢丝圈
27.traveler牵切
28.break stretching原纤化作用
29.fibrillation扁丝
30.tapePart
2.Translate thefollowing wordsinto English15points使商品化，把…变成商品commercialize催化剂catalyst免烫，洗可穿wash andwear起球pilling浆纱，上浆sizing木材，木料timber三醋酸纤维triacetate捻系数单纱，twist multiplier单丝精纺毛纱支single yarn数棉结，毛结，worsted count麻粒包芯纱绞nep core-spun纱，绞丝细绳，粗线skein cord燃烧试验burningtest精梳combing定量分析quantitative analysis并条，牵伸环锭drawing阻燃整理flame-retardant finish纺纱开松ring spinning各向同性的isotropicopening吸光度,吸收光辐射能力absorbance梳条，条子，纱条sliver防腐剂antiseptic锭子spindle烧杯beaker络筒winding着色试验staining test喷气纺纱air-jet spinningPart
3.Translate thefollowing sentencesinto English10points
1.对大多数的消费者而言，对纤维的组成只需要有一个定性的分析即可而对于某些人来说，定量的分析也很重要For mostconsumers,the onlyinformation neededisaqualitative analysis of fibercontent.For others,a quantitativeanalysisoftheproductis alsoimportant
2.定性鉴别的方法主要包括燃烧试验、显微镜观察、密度测定、回潮率测定、着色试验、化学溶解性测试、熔点测定等Methods forqualitative identificationof fibersinclude suchprocedures asburningtests,microscopy,density determination,moistureregainanalysis,dye staining,chemical solubility,melting pointdetermination,and soon.Part
4.Translate thefollowing sentencesinto Chinese60points
1.The threemajor spinning,or extrusion,processes arewet spinning,dry orsolventspinning,and meltspinning.A fourthtype,emulsion spinning,canbeused forpolymers forwhichtheotherprocesses arenot practical.Gel spinningisanewer processthat isbeingused fora fewhigh-tenacity fibers.三大的纺丝或挤出工艺包括湿法、干法或溶液纺丝，以及熔体纺丝第四种纺丝工艺一乳液纺丝，主要用于那些利用上述三种纺丝方法无法进行纺丝的聚合物凝胶纺丝是一种新兴的纺丝方法，主要用于少量的高强纤维的生产
2.Wood pulpand cottonlinters arethe twomajor sourcesof purifiedcellulose formanufacturingacetate andrayon.Wood pulpis producedfrom timber.After thebark isremoved,the woodis chippedinto verysmall pieces.The woodchips aretreated withcalciumbisulphite andthen steamedunder pressurefor severalhours.The wooddecomposes,andapurified formof Celluloseis produced.。
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