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热点」阅读理解（热点话题）012023年高考英语【热点・重点难点】专练（新高考专用）命题趋势从新高考阅读理解两年（）之体裁和主题（参看本系列资料重难点专题中的统计表）看，2021-202201-2两年所考的应用文所涉及的都是“广而告之”的内容；高考说明文题材的命题变化不大，一直很稳定，其话题通常是各学科的前沿问题、科技领域的最新科研成果（介绍最新科技、重大成就、新产品、新工艺）等；人们比较关心的社会问题和令人好奇的自然现象；以及人文地理、风土人情等等；此外还有涉及多种话题的记叙文在“三新（新课标新教材新高考）”背景下，年是否要考涉及多种话题的“议论文”体裁的阅2023读理解，我们将拭目以待不过，本着“未雨绸缪、有备无患”的精神，对于议论文的阅读理解解题我们还是要予以关注的满分技巧
一、浏览全文，确定题材，提炼话题
二、审读题干，判断题型，寻找依据审读题干审读题目和四个备选项，弄懂所要考查的内容；甄别题型判断是考查细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题，还是考查词/句义猜测题；然后再读全文在原文中寻找答案的依据
三、活用方法，仔细推敲，搞定答案灵活运用本系列资料重难点专题中所介绍的方法，仔细推敲原文中与答案相关的依据，比对备选项，最终搞定答案【经典考例】（.新高考卷）2022IAGrading Policiesfor Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.（）Essays60%Your fourmajor essayswill combineto formthe mainpart of the gradefor thiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%（）Group Assignments30%（作业）Students willwork ingroups tocomplete fourassignments during the course.All theassignments will besubmitted by the assigneddate throughBlackboard,our onlinelearning andcourse managementsystem.（）Daily Work/In-CIass Writingsand Tests/Group Work/Homework10%（它是免费参观的，有超过个摊位可供探索，从古董offerings forspirit housesand livefrogs.15000和纪念品到二手运动鞋，为灵屋和活青蛙提供的微型食品厂和部分中的Papaya“Technically,manyof the objects in this celebrated four-story antiquestore arefbr sale,but pricesfbr theowner9s collectionof（从19th-and20th-century artifactsare soastronomically highthat thecollection neverseems texhaust.技术上讲，这家著名的四层古董店中的许多物品都在出售，但业主收藏的世纪和世纪文物1920的价格如此之高，以至于收藏品似乎永远不会耗尽广可知，这两个地方都收藏了很多的古董，很有可能找到世纪年代的打字机，故选项2060A.【答案】2C【解析】细节理解题根据部分中的Bangkok DollFactoryMuseum“The museumis trickyto find;take ataxi.（博物馆很难找至；从from BTS Phaya Thai and get the driver to call the museum for directionsU乘坐出租车，让司机打电话给博物馆问路厂可知，要去该博物馆，出租车司机都要BTSPhayaThai打电话问路由此可知，找到该博物馆不易，故选项C.【答案】3C【解析】细节理解题根据文章开头（泰铢）.“Some freethings to do inBangkok to get morebang foryour baht（在曼谷做一些免费的事情，让你的泰铢获得更多的收益）“可知，本文介绍的这四个去处都可以不用花钱就可以看看的地方，选项中的意为“只看不买”符合题意，故选项C windowshop CPassage2（•广州市统考二模）2023A smalldevice nobigger thana toasterhas generated oxygen on the surface of Mars,bringing thechances ofsurviving on the redplanet astep closer.The MarsOxygen In-Situ ResourceUtilization Experiment,better known as Moxie,has beengenerating oxygenfrom the atmosphereon Mars,as partof Nasa5s Perseverancerover（漫游者）mission.Moxie producedbreathable oxygenin sevenhour-long testsconducted invarious weather and atmosphereconditions since landing.During eachtest,the deviceproduced sixgrams of oxygen,about the same as a smalltree andenough to sustain an astronaut for15minutes.It9s alsofound thateven inextreme temperaturesand aftera Martianduststorm,Moxie continuedto producehigh-purity oxygen.“This is the firstdemonstration of actually usingresources on the surfaceof anotherplanet andtransforming them「chemically intosomething thatwould beuseful fbra human mission saidJeff Hoffinan,a retiredastronaut andprofessorat MIT.Nasa and the MITteam areplanning tobuild a bigger versionof Moxie,as theyhope advancedmodels willproduceenough oxygento support a crcwcdmission to Mars.Wc have to bringa lot of stufffrom Earthto supportahuman mission,but oxygen is abig problem.If you can make it there,go forit andyoure wayahead of thegame,“Hoffinan said.The deviceuses pumpsthat absorbin carbon dioxide whichis heatedto800℃and processedto separatethe（氧化碳）carbon andoxygen.Carbon monoxide——is emittedas wastewhile thepure oxygenis leftbehind.Expanding the device to supporta humanmission toMarspresents challenges.It is needed torun continuouslyfor400days,a leapfrom the one-hour tests and its inner temperature should be controlled stably.Moxie hasproved toendure the extreme conditions onMars,however,and the team plansto assessthe machineslimits in the comingmonths when atmosphere is thick and carbondioxide levels are high.They saythey justwant toset everythingas highas they dareand make as muchoxygen as they can.A.It workswell in a seriesof tests.B.It aimsto purifybreathable oxygen.
1.What canwe learn about MoxieC.It isstopped byextremeconditions.D.It producesoxygen enoughfor ateam.
2.By quotingHoffinans wordsin Paragraph5,the authorintends to.A.present aplan tofurther exploreMarsB.demonstrate Nasasambition towin the gameC.show theplentiful anduseful resourceson MarsD.highlight thesignificance ofmaking oxygen on MarsA.Cautious and ambitious.B.Confident andintelligent.C.Practical andindependent.D.Courageous andimaginative.
4.What can be a suitable title for the textA.A NasaMars roverlanded successfully.B.Challenges for a humanmissiontoMars.C.Human surviveswith oxygenmade onMars.D.A littleoxygen onMars,a great leap forward.【体裁】说明文
3.Which of the followingbest describestheteamaccording to the lastparagraph【话题】新科技设备能让人类在登录火星后产生大量的氧气，这使人类在火星上生存的机会更近了一步Moxie.【答案】1A【解析】细节理解题根据第三段中“Moxie producedbreathable oxygenin sevenhour-long testsconducted invarious weatherand atmosphere conditionssince landing.During eachtest,thedeviceproduced sixgrams（在着ofoxygen,about the same asa smalltree andenoughtosustain anastronautfor15minutes.Moxie陆后在各种天气和大气条件下进行了个小时的测试，产生了可呼吸的氧气在每次测试中，该7设备产生了克氧气，大约相当于一棵小树，足以维持一名宇航员分钟的生命厂可知，615Moxie在各项实验中起着良好的作用，故选A.【答案】2D【解析】推理判断题根据第五段中“We haveto bringa lotof stufffrom Earthtosupportahumanmission,but.（我们必须从地球上带很多东西来支持人类的任务，但氧气是个大问题）oxygenis abigproblem以及（如果你能做至那就努力If you can make it there,go forit andyoure wayahead of thegame.U,去做，你已经走在了探索的前面广可知，本段主要强调的是在火星上氧气的重要性，即本段强调通过建造更大的在火星上制造更多的氧气故本段强调了在火星上制造氧气的重要性，故Moxie选D.【答案】3A【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段中“It isneeded torun continuouslyfor400days,a leapfrom theone-hour（它需要连续运彳亍天远远超过testsand itsinnertemperatureshouldbecontrolledstably.400,1小时的测试，其内部温度需要稳定控制厂可知，研究团队需要花费大量时间进行测试，保证内部温度稳定，体现出研究团队的严谨性，同时根据本段中“Moxie hasproved toenduretheextremeconditions onMars,however,and theteam plansto assessthe machineslimits in the comingmonths when（已经被证明能忍受火星上的极端条件，atmosphereisthickandcarbondioxidelevelsare high.Moxie研究小组计划在未来几个月评估机器的极限，那时大气很厚，二氧化碳含量很高厂可知，Moxie已经被证明能忍受火星上的极端条件但是研究小组继续坚持突破极限，这是有抱负的体现，故选A.【答案】4D【解析】主旨大意题根据第三段中“Moxie producedbreathable oxygenin sevenhour-long testsconducted in（在着陆后在各种天气和大气条件下variousweatherand atmosphereconditionssincelanding.Moxie进行了个小时的测试，产生了可呼吸的氧气）以及第一段中7”“A smalldevice nobigger thanatoaster hasgeneratedoxygenon thesurfaceofMars,bringing thechances ofsurviving onthe redplanet a（一个比烤面包机大不了多少的小装置在火星表面产生了氧气，这使在这颗红色星球step closer.上生存的机会更近了一步户可知，本文主要介绍了是这个设备，它能让人类在登录火星Moxie后产生大量的氧气，这使人类在火星上生存的机会更近了一步选项D“A littleoxygenonMars,a（火星上有一点氧气，这是一个巨大的飞跃）可以概括全文，故选greatleapforward.”DPassage3（秋•广东潮州高三统考期末）2023A robotmay bedefined asa machinethat can be programmed to performactsautomatically.With theincrease inhigh technology,robots aretaking overboring orinconvenient workin manyareasof life.One areawhere robots are makingan appearanceis farming.There is a roboticrevolution going on in the milkingindustry,and cows,as wellas farmersare experiencingthe benefits.The advantagefor the cows isthat theycan choosewhen and how many times a daythey want to be milked.On theother hand,farmers nolonger haveto get up at4a.m.every day to goto themilking shedsand thismakes ahuge differenceto theirway of life.In traditionalfarming,cows aremilked twice a day,in the morning and the evening,mainly because:this is themost convenientway for farmers toget twomilking sessionscompleted inone day.However,this is not necessarilythebest wayfor eachindividual cow.Because the robots areprogrammed tomilk the cows wheneverthey arrive,the cowscanbe milked once,twice oreven fourtimes a day.It is an entirelyvoluntary systemfor the cows.They decide.Farmersreport thatmidnight is a particularlybusy time at themilking shed.The interestingthing isthe cows like thesystem oncetheyget used to it.Farmers reportthat milkproduction increases,thecowslive longerand theyseem farmore relaxed.The computerizedrobotic system is entirely automatic.As thecows enterthe facility,they areweighed,milked and（间隔）productivity andhealth checksare carriedout.The facilitycleans itselfat regularintervals andif there is aproblem,the robotsends thefarmer amessage.Equipping afarm withrobots is not cheap.However,farmers whohave installedthe roboticmilking sheds,saythey wouldnever goback to the oldsystem.The commonlyreported sightof cowsqueuing patientlyin frontof theirfavouriterobot mustmean thecowslikeit too.
1.What isthe purposeof the first paragraphA.To introducea kindof robot.B.To tellthe importanceof robots.C.To tellthe readerswhat isa robot.D.To providethe definitionof roboticsystem.
2.What benefitmay robotsbring to thecowsaccording to the textA.They canbe freerto be milked.B.They canbe milkedtwiceaday.C.They cangetupat4a.m.to be milked.D.They can choose thedayto bemilked.
3.Which of the followingwould the author probablyagreeA.Morning and evening arethe twomost convenientmilking sessionsfor cows.B.The roboticsystem isvoluntary forcows to bemilkedof theirown freewill.C.The roboticsystem isentirelyautomaticexcept forhealth checks.D.The roboticsystem isso expensivethat farmerswill neverinstall one.
4.What wouldbe the best titlefor the textA.A roboticrevolution inmilking B.Cows favouritehelperC.Hands freefor thefarmers D.An expensivemilking shed【体裁】说明文【话题】新科技一种挤奶机器人，奶牛和农民都能从使用该机器人中受益.【答案】1C【解析】推理判断题根据第一段中“A robotmay bedefined asa machinethat canbe programmedto performactsautomatically.With theincrease inhigh technology,robots aretaking overboring orinconvenient workin.（机器人可以被定义为一种可以通过编程自动执行动作的机器随着高科技的many areasoflife发展，机器人正在接管生活中许多枯燥或不方便的工作广可知，本段是在给机器人下定义，所以第一段的目的是告诉读者什么是机器人，故选项C.【答案】2A【解析】细节理解题根据第二段中“The advantagefor thecows isthat theycanchoosewhenandhowmanytimes（对奶牛来说，这样做的好处是它们可以选择每天什么时候挤奶以及adaythey want to bemilked.挤奶多少次户可知，机器人给奶牛带来的好处是它们可以更自由地被挤奶，故选项A.【答案】3B【解析】推理判断题根据第三段中“Because therobotsareprogrammedtomilk thecows wheneverthey arrive,.thecowscanbemilkedonce,twice oreven fourtimesaday.It isan entirelyvoluntary systemfor thecows（由于机器人经过编程，只要它们到达，就会给奶牛挤奶，因此每天可以给奶牛挤奶一次、两次甚至四次对奶牛来说，这是一个完全自愿的制度）”推知，项B“The roboticsystemisvoluntary for（机器人系统是自愿的，奶牛可以根据自己的意愿挤奶）”cows to bemilkedof theirown freewill.与文中表达意思相同，作者会同意，故选项B.【答案】4A【解析】主旨大意题根据第二段中叩“One areawhere robotsare makingan pearanceis farming.There isarobotic revolutiongoingonin themilking industry,and cows,as wellas farmersare experiencingthe.（机器人正在出现的一个领域是农业挤奶行业正在进行一场机器人革命，奶牛和农民benefits都在从中受益）”再结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了一种挤奶机器人，以及它对奶牛和农民的好处，所以项是本文最好的标题，故选项A“A roboticrevolution inmilking”APassage4（•安徽合月巴市统考——模）2023Transport isundergoing amassive transformationso itcan meetsocietys（）demands fora low-carbon economy.Introducing electricvehic!es EVand declininggasoline useare helping,but（转变）zero-carbon hydrogencan speedup boththe transitionand long-term decarbonizationof transport.（排放）In the US,transportation producesthe largestshare of all greenhousegas emissionsin theeconomy at29%,according to the EnvironmentalProtection Agency.More than90%of transportfuel ispetrol based,but ifmore vehiclesusedhydrogen,emissions ofthis kindwould plummet.However,hydrogen isnot consideredan idealreplacement forgasoline asan enginefuel forcars becauseit is（）harder tostore safely.And whilefuel cellelectric vehiclesFCEVs thatturn hydrogeninto electricitycan competewithEV performance-andevenout-compete themon rangeand refilltime,extra energyisneededto producethe hydrogenneededfor fuel.Also,finding investmentfor storage,pipelines andfuel stationsis stilla challengefor manynations.Currently,governments worldwideare backinggreen hydrogenprojects toreduce greenhousegas emissionsin（货运）,heavy industrieslike freightsteel,and energystorage.But hydrogentransport willneed rapidproductionmethods tocreate thefuel neededfbr the worlds roadfleet.（纳米级的）Thankfully,research isadvancing allthe time.Nanoscale thin films are applied to improving thechemicalprocess torapidly harvesthydrogen from the seawater.The sametechnology has been successfullyused insolarpower deviceswith higherefficiency-to-cost rates.Since hydrogen isthe most abundantelement in the universeandas seawatermakes upabout96%of allwater onEarth,thereisa virtuallylimitless supply.Even wastewater and solidwaste cancreate greenhydrogen.Researchers atPrinceton Universityare usingsunlightto separatehydrogen fromindustrial wastewater.Chemical plantsthat currentlyface highcosts forcleaningwastewater couldtransform itinto cleanhydrogen supplies.
1.What doesthe underlined word plummet“mean in Paragraph2A.Stop.B.Decrease.C.Continue.D.Disappear.
2.What isParagraph3mainly aboutA.Ways ofstoring hydrogensafely.B.Benefits of fuel cellelectric vehicles.C.Challenges of using hydrogenas carfuel.D.Differences betweengasoline andhydrogen.
3.What makesit moreefficient toget hydrogen from theoceanA.The applicationof solarpower devices.B.The methodof identifyingwater elements.C.The invention,of the water transportsystem.D.The use of thenanoscale thin-film technology.
4.Which of the followingcanbe asuitabletitlefor the textA.Clean EnergyHydrogen Readyto TakeOff B.Traditional FuelsBound toReach aDead EndC.How WeCan GenerateEnergy fromHydrogen D.What theFuture ofTransportation MayBe Like【体裁】说明文【话题】新科技清洁能源氢气的开发和利用情况.【答案】1B【解析】词义猜测题根据划线词上文“More than90%of transportfuel ispetrol based,but ifmore vehiclesused（超过的交通燃料是以汽油为基础的，但如果更多的车辆使用氢厂可知，如果使用hydrogen90%氢气的话温室气体排放量会“下降”由此可知，划线词的意思是“下降”，故选项B.【答案】2C【解析】主旨大意题根据第三段中的However,hydrogenisnot consideredan idealreplacement forgasoline as（然而，氢并不被认为是汽油作为汽车发动an enginefuel forcars becauseit isharder tostore safely.机燃料的理想替代品，因为氢更难安全储存）”和“Also,finding investmentfor storage,pipelines and.（此外，为储存、管道和燃料站寻找投资对许多国fuel stationsis stilla challengefor manynations家来说仍然是一个挑战）“可知，本段主要讲了使用氢作为汽车燃料的挑战，故选项C.【答案】3D【解析】细节理解题根据第五段中的（纳米级的）Thankfully,research isadvancing allthe time.Nanoscale值thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthe chemicalprocess torapidly harvesthydrogenfrom the seawateM得庆幸的是，研究一直在进步纳米薄膜被应用于改善化学过程，以快速从海水中获取氢气户可知，采用纳米级薄膜技术使得从海洋中获取氢气更有效，故选项D.【答案】4A【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段中的（）“Introducing electricvehicles EVand declininggasoline useare helping,（转变）but zero-carbon hydrogencan speedup boththe transitionand long-term decarbonizationof』引入电动汽车（）和减少汽油使用是有帮助的，但零碳氢可以加快交通的转型和长transport EV期脱碳厂及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了清洁能源氢气的开发和利用情况由此可知，选项“清洁能源氢准备起飞”适合用作文章标题，故选项A APassage5（•江西九江市联考二模）2023King Canutecouldnt stop the oceanstide fromrolling in—can Africahold back（the desertThafscertainly what the continent is tying to do with its proposed Great Green Wall”,800km almost500）miles worthof treesthat officialshope willstop theadvancement of the SaharaDesert,which has been rapidlyexpanding southward.（贫瘠的）The ideawas introducedin the1970swhenthe once-rich regionturned barrendue to climate change andintensive landuse.But itsnot anew idea;China hasits owndesert vegetationproject tohold backthe Gobi Desert!Thanks to the Chineseplan,the Africanproject aimsto plant100million hectaresof treesby2030across theentireAfrica.The initiativeisadecade in,and around15%completed,and there have alreadybeen benefitsfor manycommunitiesand wildlife.Its bringinglife backto thecontinenfs degradedlandscapes atan unprecedentedscale,providing not only food security andjobs buta reasonto stayfor themillions wholive alongits path.The creatorsof thewall hopeit willbring anurgently neededsolution to the threatsfacing the African continent,creating10million jobsin ruralareas,as wellas preventing250million tonsof carbon.The initiativeis Africa-driven,which fbrthose onthe continent,is vital,and may hold the key to success.The Great Green Wall...is aboutownership,and thathasbeenthe failureof developmentaid because people were never identified with itJ said Elvis Paul Tangam,African UnionCommissioner for the Sahara and Sahel GreatGreen Wall Initiative.But thistime theyidentify.This is更!”the verything ofThewall mayseem like a moonshot,but allthe bestideas usuallyare.As Thomas Sankara,former presidentofBurkina Faso said in1985,“You cannot carryout fundamentalchange withouta certaindegree ofmadness.Thecourage to turn your back onthe oldformulas,the courageto inventthe future.”
1.What doesAfricas GreatGreenA.Offering morejobs forlocals.B.Stopping theexpansion ofdesert.C.Creating aharmonious society.D.Improving Africanlandscapes.
2.Where didAfrica gotthe inspirationA.From theirpractices ofplanting trees.B.From theprocess ofstopping flooding.C.From Chinassuccess indesert control.D.From Africans9wisdom andhard work.Wall aimfbr
3.What doesus underlinedinParagraph3refer toA.African Unions.B.All advocates.C.Land owners.D.All Africans.A.Daring.B.Effortless.C.Critical.D.Doubtful.
2.What canwe learn about southern rangeA.It willdouble insize in the future.B.It hasincreased to3%since
1981.C.It islikely toadvance southwards.D.It islarger thanother zones.l.Why doesthe authormention thecornearworm in paragraph
13.What effectwould monitoringsoiltemperatures“have ongrowersA.Predictable.B.Beneficial.C.Risky.D.Challenging.
4.What isthetextmainly aboutA.The effectof climate change on pest survival.B.The effectof theprediction modelonpest spread.C.The effectof the useof pesticides onfoodsecurity.D.The effectof globalheating onpestspread.【体裁】说明文【话题】研究报告气候与农业在美国，气候变暖，土壤温度升高，害虫在冬季的存活率上升，虫害从温暖的南部地区不断向北扩散，造成农作物损失惨重的后果和能够采取的措施.【答案】1C【解析】推理判断题c根据第一段的“Agricultural peststhat devourkey foodcrops areadvancing northwardsin（新的研究报告称，theUS and becomingmore widespreadastheclimate hotsup,new researchreports.随着气候变暖，吞噬主要粮食作物的农业害虫正在美国北部蔓延，并变得更加广泛广可知，一项研究发现随着气候变暖，农业害虫正在向北扩散；根据第二句和第三句The cornearworm isconsideredto be among themost commonfarm pestsin theUS,damaging cropssuch asmaize,cotton,soyaand othervegetables.It spendswinterundergroundand isnotknowntosurviveinstatesbeyondalatitudeof40degrees north,but thatis changingas soilswarmand itspreadsto newareas,according toresearch ledby.（螟蛉被认为是美国最常见的农场害虫之一，会破坏玉米、棉花、northCarolinaStateUniversity大豆和其他蔬菜等作物根据北卡罗来纳州立大学领导的研究，它在地下过冬，不知道在北纬40度以上的州生存，但随着土壤变暖，它正在向新的地区扩散户可知，螟蛉就是常见的害虫之一，随着土壤温度的升高，螟蛉不断向新的地区扩散由此推知，作者在第一段讨论是作为earworm例子印证新研究的发现故选项C.【答案】2A【解析】细节理解题根据第三段的内容，尤其是“The southernrange hasgrown by3%since1981andis叩predicted todoubleinsizeby theendof thecentury,astheother zonesget smaller,according totherort.（该报告称，自年以来，面积增加了预计到本世纪末，随着其他地区面1981“southernrange”3%,积越来越小，其面积将翻一番）”可知，未来的范围会变成现在的2倍故选“southernrange”A项.【答案】3B【解析】细节理解题根据第五段的“Monitoring soiltemperatures couldhelp predictthe spreadof pests,helping（报告指出，监测土壤温度有助于预测害虫farmers controlthem moreeffectively,the reportsuggests.的传播，帮助农民更有效地控制它们厂可知，监控土壤温度对种植着来说是有利的故选项B.【答案】4D【解析】主旨大意题文章第一段“Agricultural peststhat devourkey foodcrops areadvancing northwardsin the（新的研究报告称，随USandbecomingmorewidespreadastheclimatehotsup,new researchreports.着气候变暖，吞噬主要粮食作物的农业害虫正在美国北部蔓延，并变得更加广泛）”提出话题——气候变暖使得农业害虫正在美国北部蔓延，并变得更加广泛；文章
二、三段主要讲气候变暖使得农业害虫正在美国北部蔓延的趋势，第四段“This couldresult inincreased useofpesticidesand lower.（这可能导致农药使用量增加和产量下降）”讲的是农业害虫正在美国北部蔓延所带来的yields后果；最后两段主要讲的是应对措施由此可知，本文主要围绕着全球气候变暖对于害虫传播的影响来展开故选项DPassage7（•河南郑州•郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）（真菌）2023Bacteria and fungi mightcall tomind theimages of（微生物）diseases andspoiled food,but theyalso doa lotof good.The billionsof microbes inahandful ofdead leaves,for example,act asnatures recyclersand regeneratenutrients neededfor thenext generationof plantsto grow.“If itwerent forbacteria and fungi,wed besurrounded bymasses ofdead treesand plantmatter.So theyactuallydo areally importantjob.said SydneyGlassman,an assistantprofessor of the University of California,Class activitieswill varyfrom dayto day,but studentsmust beready tocomplete shortin-class writingsor testsdrawndirectly from assigned readingsor notesfrom theprevious class1lecture/discussion,so it is importantto takecarefulnotes during class.Additionally,from timeto timeI willassign groupwork tobe completedin classor shortassignmentstobecompleted athome,both ofwhich will be graded.Late WorkAnessay notsubmitted inclass onthe due date willlose aletter gradefor eachclass perioditislate.If itis notturned in bythe4th dayafter thedue date,it willearn a zero.Daily assignmentsnot completedduringclasswill getazero.Short writingsmissed asa resultof anexcused absencewill beaccepted.
21.Where isthis textprobably takenfromA.A textbook.B.An exampaper.C.A courseplan.D.An academicarticle.
22.How manyparts isa studentsfinal grademade upofA.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.
23.What willhappen if you submitan essayone weekafter thedue dateA.You willreceive azero.B.You willlose aletter grade.C.You willbe givena test.D.You willhavetorewrite it.【体裁】应用文【话题】办法介绍文学概论课程评分的办法【答案】21C【解析】推理判断题此题考查文章来源，根据文章标题文“Grading Policiesfor Introductionto Literature学概论课程评分办法户和下面的小黑体标题Essays60%,Group Assignments30%,Daily作文、小组作业Work/In-Class Writingsand Tests/Group Work/Homework10%,Late Work60%、日常作业/课堂写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业、迟到作业可知，文章介绍了文30%10%学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划，故选项C【答案】22B【解析】细节理解题根据小黑体标题Essays60%,Group Assignments30%,Daily Work/In-Class Writings作文、小组作业、and Tests/Group Work/Homework10%,Late Work-------------------60%30%日常作业/课堂写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业可知学生的最终成绩由部分组成，故选10%,3项B【答案】23A【解析】推理判断题根据题干关键词定位到原文部分after thedue date”“Late Work”“If itisnotturnedinby.如果没有在截止日期后的第天上交，将会得到the4th dayafter theduedate,it willearnazero4零分“可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分选项中的和原文“receive azero,中的是同义转换，故选项“earnazero”ARiverside.While microbialcommunities arethe enginesdriving thebreakdown ofdead plantsand animals,little isknownabout whethertheyareequipped tohandle bigchanges in climate.In apaper publishedin Proceedingsof theNationalAcademy ofSciences of the United States ofAmerica,Glassman and his colleaguesexamined whathappens aftermicrobialcommunities moveinto newclimate conditions.The studyisafirst steptoward understandingthevulnerability of these ecosystems toclimatechange.（模仿）To mimica warmingplanet,the researcherschose fivestudy sitesthat differinclimatealong theSan JacintoMountains,three ofwhich are in naturalreserves operatedbytheUniversity ofCalifornia.While weknow thatclimateinfluences howfast microbescan recycleplant material,we dontknow howimportant theparticular typesof microbesareto recycling,said JenniferMartiny,co-author of the study.To movethe microbialcommunities around,the researcherscontained themicrobesinnylon containerswith tinyholes.These microbialcages“were filledwith deadgrass and live microbessourced fromeach studysite.Thecontainers allowedwaterandnutrients-but notmicrobes-to movein andout.The amountof grassdecayed bythe cagedmicrobes was measured at6,12,and18months.The studyconfirmed previousresults thatsites withmoderate climatessaw themost rotand therefore were themosteffective places for nutrient recycling.Quite surprisingly,however,the sourceof themicrobes alsoaffected theamountof rot.For example,when movedinto thedrier bushes,grassland-sourced microbes outperformed the bush residents byas muchas40percent.“We expected to seea home-field advantage9situation whereevery microbialcommunity decomposed（分解）best atits ownsite,but thatwasnt thecase,“Glassman said.While weknow thatmicrobes decomposeplants moreslowlyin hotterand drierenvironments,we arejust nowlearning thatspecific microbialcommunities play anindependent rolein decomposition,and itis yettobeseen howthese communitieswillbeaffected byclimatechange anddesertification.,,l.The authorregards bacteriaandfungias.A.a double-edged swordB.a naturalchemical weaponC.a requirementfor evolutionD.a threatto biologicaldiversity24Which canexplain the underlinedworddecayed“inparagraph5A.Totally absorbed.B.Regularly recycled.C.Greedily swallowed.D.Gradually destroyed.25What canwe inferfromthestudyA.Climate affectsthe speedof microbes9recycling plantmaterial.B.Microbes fromother sitescan performbetter thanthe localones.C.Researchers havefound outhow desertificationimpacts microbes.D.Microbes indrier bushesoutperformed grassland-sourced microbes.26Which isthebesttitle of the passageA.A wayto avoiddead treesand plantmatter.B.Nutrient-recycling microbesmay feelthe heat.C.Home-field advantage^^doesnt applyto microbes.D.How climatechange improvesnatures abilityto recycle.【体裁】说明文【话题】研究报告气候与生态系统一项关于细菌和真菌如何应对气候变化的研究发现，在气候温和的地区微生物的降解能力最佳此外，微生物的来源地也会影响其降解量.【答案】1A［解析］细节理解题根据第一段“Bacteria andfungi mightcall tomind theimages ofdiseases andspoiled food,（细菌和真菌可能会让人想起疾病和变质食物的形象，但它们也有很but theyalso doa lotof good.多好处）”可知，在作者看来，细菌和真菌有利亦有弊，是一把“双刃剑”，故选A.【答案】2D【解析】词义猜测题根据第五段“The amountof grassdecayed bythe cagedmicrobeswasmeasuredat6,12,and.（在个月、个月和个月时,笼中微生物的草量被测量厂以及彳到数第二18months61218decayed段“The studyconfirmed previousresults thatsites withmoderate climatessaw themost rotand therefore.（这项研究证实了先前的结果，即气候温和的were themost effective placesfor nutrientrecycling地区腐烂最严重，因此是最有效的养分回收场所广可知，划线词与相呼应，句子表示“被笼中rot微生物腐烂的草量”，划线词表示“腐烂”，与同义，故选Gradually destroyedD.【答案】3B【解析】推理判断题根据倒数第二段“For example,when movedinto thedrier bushes,grassland-sourced（例如,当进入较干燥的灌木丛中microbesoutperformedthebushresidentsbyas muchas40percent.时，来自草原的微生物比灌木丛中的微生物高出户可推知，来自其他地区的微生物可能会比40%某地土生土长的微生物有更高的降解能力，即表现可能会更为突出，故选B.【答案】4B【解析】主旨大意题根据第三段The studyisafirst steptoward understandingthe vulnerabilityof these.（这项研究是了解这些生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性的第一步广以及ecosystemstoclimatechange彳到数第二段“The studyconfirmed previousresults thatsites withmoderate climatessaw themost rotand（这项研究证实了先前的结果,即气候温thereforewerethemosteffectiveplacesfornutrientrecycling.和的地区腐烂最严重，因此是最有效的养分回收场所户以及文章内容可知，该研究主要探讨的是气候对微生物的影响，“促使营养物质循环的微生物可能感知温度变化”可以作为文章标题，故选BPassage8（•陕西咸阳市统考一模）（孤儿院）2023Born inRussia andliving inan orphanagefor the first13months ofherlife,Jessica Longhad noidea whather futurewould hold.The littlegirl bornwith FibularHemimelia wouldnotonlygoon tobea13-time goldmedal-winning Paralympicchampion,but she would inspireothers tochase theirdreams.Long wasborn inRussia,where she lived inan orphanage until her parents adopted her in
1993.Soon afterbeingadopted,she hadto haveher legsamputated（截肢）at onlya yearandahalf.“It gavemea lotoffreedom andmovement/9Long said.But growingup wasdefinitely reallyhard.From avery earlyage,I justdecided thatI wasgoing tobeunstoppable andI wasntgoing tolet mylegs holdme back.From thatpoint forward,she didntlet anyonetell herwhatshe wasor wasntcapable ofdoing.She starteddoing gymnasticsasakid.Then,in2002,Long found her sportfor life:swimming!“I wasthe onlygirl withno legsontheswim team,“she said.There weremoments Istruggled,but myteammatestreated me likea friend.When Ilook backon my life andI thinkabout anyoneon thatteam,no onemade funof mefor（顶住）having nolegs and they wereso kind.Long defiedall oddsand surprisedeveryone when she qualifiedat ageonly12for theParalympics in2004in Athens.After fourParalympics,Long haswon13gold,six silver,and fourbronzemedals.She hasdozens ofWorld Championshipmedals andhas brokennumerous world records throughouther careersofar.But shedidnt concentrateon winningawards orbeing famous.I reallyjust loveswimming.It5s importantfbr any；athlete toremember justwhy youstartedshe said.As one ofthemost decoratedathletes inhistory,Longs goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows.Dream big,“she said.There are so manypossibilities outthere,so findyour passion,be consistentand workhard.Youdefine your own success.”
1.How oldwas Longwhenshefoundher life sportA.11B.
10.C.
12.D.
13.
2.What madeJessica determineto devoteherself toswimmingA.Her experienceof winning13gold medals.B.Her parentssupport andteachers,help.C.Her teammates9understanding andkindness.D.Her focuson winningawards andfame.
3.What isthetextmainly aboutA.A poororphanage andher closefriends.B.A happygirl andher confusingchildhood.C.An amazingillness and its terribleinfluence.D.An inspiringstory aboutan unluckyperson.
4.Which ofthe followingmay Longmost agreewithA.If youcan dreamit,youcanmakeit.B.If youwanttosucceed,learn toswim.C.A mannever reachessuccess untildisabled.D.A sportsmansgoal iswinning goldmedals.【体裁】记叙文【话题】人物故事残疾远动员杰西卡・朗克服身体限制，努力奋斗，成为了13枚残奥会金牌得主.【答案】1B【解析】细节理解题根据第一段中“Born inRussia andliving inan orphanagefbr thefirst13months ofher life,（杰西卡•朗出生于俄罗斯，在她生命的前个Jessica Longhad noidea whather futurewould hold.13月住在孤儿院，她不知道自己的未来会是什么样子厂以及第二段中“Long wasbom inRussia,where（朗出生在俄罗斯，在shelivedinan orphanageuntilherparentsadoptedherin
1993.年被父母收养之前，她一直住在一家孤儿院广可知，朗是在年出生的，再根据第二段19931992中（然后,在年，朗找到了她一生的“Then,in2002,Long foundher sportfor life:swimming!2002运动游泳!）”可知，她是在岁时找到游泳这项终身运动的，故选项10B.【答案】2C【解析】推理判断题根据第三段中“There weremoments Istruggled,but myteammates treatedmelikeafriend.When Ilook backon mylife andI thinkabout anyoneon thatteam,no onemade funof mefor havingno（有些时候我很挣扎，但我的队友们像朋友一样对待我当我回顾我的legs and they wereso kind.人生，想到游泳队里的每一个人，没有人因为我没有腿而取笑我，他们都很善良广可推知，杰西卡也曾挣扎过，但是队友的理解和善良让她坚持下去了，故选项C.【答案】3D【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段Born inRussia andliving inanorphanagefor thefirst13months ofherlife,Jessica Longhad noidea whather futurewould hold.The littlegirl bomwith FibularHemimelia wouldnotonly goontobea13-time goldmedal-winning Paralympicchampion,but she would inspireothers tochasetheirdreams.（杰西卡・朗出生于俄罗斯，在她生命的前13个月住在孤儿院，她不知道自己的未来会是什么样子这个天生患有腓骨半足症的小女孩不仅成为了枚残奥会金牌得主，而且还激励13了其他人去追逐他们的梦想厂以及最后一段“As one ofthemost decoratedathletes inhistory,Longsgoal istojustkeepcompeting aslong asher bodyallows.“Dream bigJ she said.There areso many（作possibilities outthere,so findyour passion,be consistentand workhard.You defineyour ownsuccess.为历史上获得荣誉最多的运动员之一，朗的目标是只要她的身体允许，就继续比赛“要有远大的梦想，”她说“有太多的可能性，所以找到你的激情，坚持不懈，努力工作你自己定义自己的成功）”可知，本文主要是通过讲述杰西卡的故事，来激励他人，也就是一个关于不幸的人的鼓舞人心的故事，故选项D.【答案】4A【解析】推理判断题根据最后第一段中“As oneofthemost decoratedathletes inhistory,Long^goalisto justkeepcompetingaslongasherbodyallows.Dream big,“shesaid.“There areso manypossibilities outthere,so find■作为历史上获得荣誉最多的运动员之your passion,be consistentand workhard.You defineyourownsuccess一，朗的目标是只要她的身体允许,就继续比赛“要有远大的梦想，”她说“有太多的可能性，所以找到你的激情，坚持不懈，努力工作你自己定义自己的成功”厂可知，杰西卡认为只要有梦想，你就要坚持下去，就能做到，所以她会同意项（如果你能梦想，你就能A“If youcan dreamit,youcanmakeit.做到户,故选项APassage9（秋•山东滨州市高三期末统考）2023To aregular person,Spitfire maylook likejust anordinary dog,but tofansofthedock divingcircuit,he isan incredibleathlete in the sameleague assport starslike Michael Jordan or KobeBryantBefore COVH-19,eight-year-old Spitfireandhis16-year-old owner,Sydney,dominated thedock divingcircuitlike neverbefore in the historyofthe sport.If youreunfamiliar with the sportof dock diving,its essentiallydogsrunning ona woodendock andjumping asfar oras highas possiblebefore divinginto apool ofwater.And nodog didthisbetter thanSpitfire.Between2016and2019,he broke21worldrecords.Spitfire came into theMackey familyin
2013.Back then,he wasjust anadorable dogwith bigeyes that Sydneyinstantly fellin lovewith.Sydney andher motherlearned aboutdock divingin2016,from afamily friendwhoencouraged themto tryit withSpitfire.In Mayof thatyear,they decidedto givethe sporta tryand theirpet provedto beanatural.It wasntlong afterthat veryfirst jumpthat Sydney and Spitfirestarted makingwaves in the world of dock diving.They tookthe sportby stormand theydominated eventsacrosstheUnitedStates like no team had ever done before.In，three yearstime,they brokemany worldrecords,and becameknown asan unbeatablepair ofplayers.Before hejumps intothe air,the worldsbest dockdiver reachesa speedof about30miles perhour,and whenhetakes tothe airhe canreach adistance of31feet beforehitting thewater,or8feet6inches whenhes goingfor height.Ifsno wonderthey callhim theflying dog.But whileSpitfire isundoubtedly thestar ofthe show,most dock diving expertsare convinced that despite hisathletic abilities,hewould have neverreached histrue potentialwithout hisyoung ownersguidance.Sydneys ReadyReadyGo,Go,Go!”pep talktogetSpitfire firedup hasbecome famousonthedock jumpingcircuit.l.Why areMichael Jordanand KobeBryant mentionedin thefirst paragraphA.To showSpitfire ownsthe samenumber offans.B.To showSpitfires incredibletalent inbasketball.C.To showSpitfires excellentperformance insports.D.To showthe importanceof sports stars tothe league,A.His friendsencouragement.B.His devotiontothedock diving.C.Spitfires goodperformance indiving.D.The popularityofthedock diving.
2.At first,what inspiredSydney to try thedock divingwith SpitfireA.They didntperform wellat thebeginning.B.They achievedimpressive resultsinthe events.C.They wereever defeatedby otherteams.D.They seldomparticipated intheeventsin US.
4.What domost expertsthink ofSpitfireA.He cantlive uptothetitle ofsportsstar.B.He doesntobey hisowners ordersat times.
3.What canwe learnabout thedog andbis ownerfromthe fourth paragraph【体裁】C.They doubtwhether hehas hisathletic abilities.D.Sydneys guidancecontributed tohis achievements.记叙文【话题】趣闻轶事一条名叫的狗和他的主人并肩作战，成为了人们心中一位不可思议的运动员Spitfire.【答案】1C【解析】推理判断题根据文章第一段To aregular person,Spitfire maylook likejust anordinary dog,but tofans ofthedockdivingcircuit,he isan incredibleathlete inthesameleague assport starslike（对于普通人来说，可能看起来只是一只普通的狗，但对于MichaelJordanorKobeBryant Spitfire码头潜水赛道的粉丝来说，他是一位不可思议的运动员，与迈克尔・乔丹或科比・布莱恩特等体育明星处于同一联盟厂可推断，文章在一段提到了迈克尔・乔丹和科比・布莱恩特是为了说明Spidke在运动领域表现极佳，故选C.【答案】2A【解析】细节理解题根据文章第三段“Sydneyandher motherlearned aboutdockdivingin2016,fromafamilyfriend whoencouraged themtotryit withSpitfire.In Mayof thatyear,they decidedto givethe sporta try（年，和她的母亲从一位家族朋友那里了解到码头and theirpet provedtobea naturaL2016Sydney潜水，这位朋友鼓励她们让尝试一下那年月，她们决定试一试，结果证明她们的宠物Spitfire5很有天赋）”可知，决定让尝试这项运动是因为一位朋友的鼓励，故选Sydney SpitfireA.【答案】3B【解析】推理判断题根据文章第四段It wasntlong afterthat veryfirst jumpthatSydneyand Spitfirestartedmaking wavesintheworldofdockdiving.They tookthesportby stormand theydominated eventsacrossthe UnitedStateslikenoteamhadeverdonebefore.In threeyears,time,they brokemany worldrecords,（在第一次潜水后不久，和就开始and becameknownasan unbeatablepair ofplayers.Sydney Spitfire在码头潜水界掀起波澜他们在这项运动中掀起了一场风暴，他们在美国各地的赛事中占据了主导地位，这是前所未有的在三年的时间里，他们打破了多项世界纪录，并被称为不可战胜的一对运动员厂可推断，他们在码头潜水这项运动项目中取得了令人惊叹的成就，故选B.【答案】4D【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段But whileSpitfire isundoubtedly thestar ofthe show,most dockdivingexperts areconvincedthatdespitehisathletic abilities,hewouldhave neverreached histrue potential（虽然无疑是这场表演的明星，但大多数码头潜水专家without hisyoung ownersguidance.Spitfire都相信，尽管它有运动能力，但如果没有它年轻主人的指导，它永远不会发挥出真正的潜力）”可知，专家认为的成功离不开主人的指导，故选Spitfire SydneyDPassage10（秋•河北高三期末联考）一2023Some peopleran into meinthe dininghall todaythey wereon theirphone anddidntsee me.The dininghall waspacked,as usual,so Icouldnt moveout ofthe way in time.They raninto me,but Isaid sorry.They saidnothing andkept walking.It remindedme ofthe theorythat womenare morelikely tostep out oftheway ifthe sidewalkis toonarrow.Myfriend likesto testthis theoryout forherself-she walksstraight onher pathand seesif menwill moveout ofher way.Many ofthem haverun into her unlessshe movesat the last second.She realizesthat sheis alwaystheonewhoapologizes whenthat happens.I say sorry forthings likethat allthe time.It mademe think:why amI apologizingforsomething thatisnt myfaultFrom ayoung age,I wastaught toapologize when I didsomething wrong.Over theyears,there havebeen moreand more sorrys in mylife.I startedapologizing evenwhen Iwas inthe right.I apologizeto escapeconflict.This patternis especially prevalent in women.Women aresocialized tobe morepassive.We arentexpected tostand upfbr ourselves;were expectedto keep our heads down and apologize.Of course,I valuea goodapology.A genuineapology helps,but Ithink itsonly thefirst stepin actuallymakingamends.People cansaysorryand notmean it.Or,some peoplegive asincere apologybut neverchange theirbehavior.Whafs thepoint ofapologizing ifyou,re goingtodo thesame thing againSorry isjust aword一actions arewhatmatter.Apologizing canbe tiring.Once yousay sony,youre acceptingresponsibility.Theres noneed toblame yourselffbrsomething thatisnt yourfault.Conversely,its tiringto hear“sorry“and havethat persondothesamethingagain.Deeds speaklouder thanwords.So startmaking changesinstead ofsaying unnecessarysorry.
1.What happenedto theauthorinthedining hallA.She wasknocked downbythe huge crowd.B.She apologizedto thosewho crashedintoher.C.She couldntfind herwayinthe crowdedplace.D.She wasbusy onher phoneand didntnotice others.
2.Which isthe reasonfbr the authors sayingmore sorrysin herlifeA.She isalways taughtto behaveherself inthe publicarea.B.She feelsguilty for the troublecaused byher carelessness.C.She believesthat womenshould apologizeto showpoliteness.D.She apologizesjust toavoid unnecessaryargument withothers.
3.What doesthe underlinedword prevalent“mean inthe thirdparagraphA.Widespread.B.Uncommon.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.
4.What doestheauthorsuggest people doA.Avoid sayingsorry.B.Deny takingresponsibility.C.Keep onblaming others.D.Set aboutmaking changes.【体裁】议论文【话题】我们是否应该为不是自己做错的事情而道歉.【答案】1B【解析】细节理解题根据第一段中的■They ranintome,but Isaidsorry.They saidnothing andkept walking他们撞上了我，但我说了对不起他们什么也没说，继续往前走）可知，作者在餐厅里向撞她的人道歉故选项B.【答案】2D【解析】细节理解题根据第三段中“Over theyears,therehavebeen moreandmoresorrysin mylife.I started（这些年来，我的生活中有apologizing evenwhenIwas inthe right.I apologizeto escapeconflict.”越来越多的道歉即使我是对的，我也开始道歉我道歉是为了逃避冲突）可知，让作者在生活中说了更多的对不起是因为她道歉只是为了避免和别人发生不必要的争吵故选项D.【答案】3A【解析】词义猜测题根据第三段中“I apologizeto escapeconflict.This patternisespeciallyprevalentinwomen.Women aresocialized tobe morepassive.We arentexpectedtostand upfor ourselves;we9re expectedto「（我道歉以避免冲突这种模式在女性中尤其女性keepourheadsdownandapologizeprevalent被社会化得更加被动我们不需耍为自己挺身而出；我们应该保持低调并道歉）可知，女性被社会化，社会要求女性道歉，可得出女性道歉很普遍故可猜测划线单词为“普遍的”意prevalent思，结合选项项“普遍”意思一致故选项A WidespreadA.【答案】4D【解析】细节理解题根据最后一段的最后一句So startmaking changesinstead ofsaying unnecessarysorry（所以开始做出改变，而不是说不必要的抱歉）故可推知，作者建议人们开始做出改变故选项D（芝麻菜）Like mostof us,I trytobe mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugulawas tomakeanice greensalad,rounding outa roastchicken dinner.But Iended upworking late.Then friendscalled witha dinnerinvitation.I stuckthechicken inthe freezer.But asdays passed,the arugulawent bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly bought way too much;Icould have made six salads with what I threw out.In aworld wherenearly800million peoplea yeargo hungry,food wastegoes againstthe moralgrain,“as一Elizabeth Royte writes inthis monthscover story.Its jaw-dropping howmuch perfectlygood foodis thrownaway（）from ugly”but quiteeatable vegetablesrejected bygrocers tolarge amountsof uneatendishes throwninto restaurantgarbagecans.Producing foodthat noone eatswastes thewater,fuel,and otherresources usedto growit.That makes food wasteanenvironmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste werea country,it wouldbe thethird largestproducer ofgreenhouse gases intheworld.”If thatshard tounderstand,lets keepit assimple asthe arugulaat theback ofmy refrigerator.Mike Curtinsees myarugulastory allthe time-but forhim,its morelike12bones ofdonated strawberriesnearing theirlast days.Curtin isCEO of DC Central Kitchenin Washington,D.C.,which recovers food andturns itinto healthymeals.Last yearit（有瑕疵的）recovered more than807,500pounds of food bytaking donationsand collectingblemished producethatotherwise wouldhave rotted in fields.And thestrawberries Volunteerswill wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use inmealsdown theroad.Such methodsseem obvious,yet sooften wejust dontthink.Everyone canplayapart in reducing waste,whetherby not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dishyou wonteat,“Curtin says.
24.What doestheauthorwanttoshow bytelling the arugula storyA.We paylittle attentionto food waste.B.We waste food unintentionallyat times.C.We wastemore vegetablesthan meat.D.We havegood reasonsfor wastingfood.
25.What isa consequenceoffoodwaste accordingtothetestC.Energy shortage.D.Worldwide starvation.
26.What doesCurtins companydoA.It produceskitchen equipment.B.It turnsrotten arugulainto cleanfuel.C.It helpslocal farmersgrow fruitsD.It makes meals outof unwanted food.
27.What doesCurtin suggestpeopledoA.Buy onlywhat isneeded.B.Reduce foodconsumption.C.Go shoppingonce aweek.D.Eat inrestaurants lessoften.【体裁】说明文A.Moral decline.B.Environmental harm.【话题】保护自然资源用实际行动减少食物浪费【答案】24B【解析】推理判断题根据题干关键词可定位到原文的第一段由the arugulastory”“Like mostofus,I tryto.（像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物）”以bemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste及“But asdays passed,thearugulawent bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly boughtway toomuch;could（但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了更糟糕的是，我不havemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉厂可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物选项中的和原文中的“wastefoodunintentionally”unthinkingly是同义转换,故选boughtwaytoomuch”B【答案】25B【解析】细节理解题根据题干关键词可定位到原文第三段第三段foodwaste”“Producing foodthat nooneeats wastesthewater,fuel,andother,resources usedto growit.That makesfoodwaste an environmentalproblem.In fact,Roytewrites,“if foodwaste werea country,it wouldbe thethird largestproducer of（生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源这greenhousegasesintheworld.”使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题事实上，罗伊特写道，”如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国”厂可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境有危害选项中的和原文是同义转换，故选“Environmental harm”makesfoodwasteanenvironmental problem”Bo【答案】26D【解析】细节理解题根据题干关键词可定位到原文倒数第二段根据Curtins company”“Curtin isCEOofDCCentral Kitchenin Washington.D.C.,which recoversfood andturns itinto healthymeals.Last yearit（有瑕疵的）recovered morethan807,500pounds offood bytaking donationsand collectingblemishedproduce,that otherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.And thestrawberries Volunteerswill wash,cut,and.（科廷是华盛顿中央厨房的首席执行官，该公freezeordrythemforusein mealsdown theroad DC司把食物复原，变成健康的食物去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂至于草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷807500冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用）“可知，是回收食物并将其转化为DCCentralKitchen健康的膳食的一家公司选项中的是原文中的“makesmealsoutofunwantedfood”“recoversfoodand的同义转换，故选turns itinto healthymeals D【答案】27A【解析】细节理解题根据题干关键词可定位到原文最后一段说的话根据Curtin”Curtin“Everyone canplaya part inreducingwaste,whether bynot purchasingmore foodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorby（“每个人都可以在减少浪费askingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyou wonteat,“Curtin says.方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说户可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物选项中的Buy onlywhat isneeded”是原文中的notpurchasingmorefoodthan同义转换，故选necessary”Ao（居民）The elderlyresidents incare homesin Londonare beinggiven hensto lookafter tostop themfeeling lonely.（慈善组织）The projectwas dreamedup bya localcharity toreduce lonelinessand improveelderly peopleswellbeing,It isalso beingusedtohelp patientssuffering dementia,a seriousillness ofthe mind.Staff incare homeshavereported areduction intheuseof medicinewhere hensareinuse.Among thosetaking part inthe project is80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said:I usedto keephens whenI wasyoungerand hadto preparetheir breakfasteach morningbefore Iwent toschool.”“I likethe projectalot.I amdown thereinmywheelchair inthemorningletting thehens outand downthere againatnight tosee theyvegone tobed.^^Its goodto havea differentfocus.People havebeen bringingtheir childrenin tosee thehens andresidents comeand sit outside to watch them.Im enjoyingthe creativeactivities,andit feels great to have done something useful9There arenow700elderly peoplelooking afterhens in20care homesintheNorth East,andthecharity hasbeengiven financialsupport toroll itout countrywide.Wendy Wilson,extra caremanager at60Penfold Street,oneofthefirstto embark onthe project,said:Residentsreally welcome the idea ofthe project andthe creative sessions.We are looking forward tothe benefits andfun theprojectcan bringto peoplehere.”Lynn Lewis,director ofNotting HillPathways,said:We arehappy tobe taking partinthe project.It willreally
28.What isthe purposeofthe projectA.To ensureharmony incare homes.B.To providepart-time jobsfortheaged.C.To raisemoney formedical research.D.To promote the elderly peoples welfare
29.How hasthe projectaffected Ruth XavierA.She haslearned newlife skills.B.She hasgained asense ofachievement.C.She hasrecovered hermemory.D.She hasdeveloped astrong personality,
30.What dotheunderlinedwords embarkon,,mean inparagraph7help connectour residentsthrough ashared interestand creativeactivities.”A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.
31.What canwe learnabouttheproject fromthe lasttwo paragraphsA.It iswell received.B.It needstobemore creative.C.It ishighly profitable.D.It takesages tosee theresults.【体裁】新闻报道（夹叙夹议文）【话题】关爱他人养鸡提升老年人幸福感【答案】28D【解析】推理判断题根据题干关键词定位到原文第二段根据theproject”“The projectwas dreamedup by（慈善组织）（该项目是当地一家a localcharity toreduce lonelinessand improveelderly peoples wellbeing慈善机构的创意，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况户可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福选项中的是原文中的“promotetheelderlypeopleswelfare”reduce lonelinessand improveelderly同义转换，故选peopleswellbeing”Do【答案】29B【解析】推理判断题根据题干关键词定位到文章第五段根据RuthXavier”Its goodto havea differentfocus.People havebeen bringingtheir childrenin tosee thehens andresidents comeandsitoutsideto（有不watchthem.Im enjoyingthe creativeactivities,anditfeels greatto havedone somethinguseful.同的关注点很好人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好）”可推知，通过该项目获得了一种成就感RuthXavier选项中的是原文中的的“gained asense ofachievement”“itfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful”同义转换，故选B【答案】30C【解析】词义猜测题根据题干关键词定位到文章倒数第二段根据embarkon”“Residents reallywelcomethe ideaoftheproject andthe creativesessions.We arelooking forwardtothebenefits andfun theproject.（居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议我们期待这个项目能给这can bringto peoplehere里的人们带来好处和乐趣厂以及划线处前的（第一批人之一）”可知“oneofthefirstWendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与项（开始广含义相近，故选C“Begin C【答案】31A【解析】推理判断题根据题干关键信息定位到原文最后两段根据文章倒数“the lasttw paragraphs”第二段“Residents reallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.We arelooking（居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法forwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcan bringto peoplehere.和创意会议我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣）”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis,director ofNotting HillPathways,said:“We arehappy tobe takingpartintheproject.It willreally helpconnectour residentsthrough ashared interestand creativeactivities”“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩・刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来）”可知，该项目的反响很好选项中的是原文中的“It iswell received”“We arehappy tobetakingpartin theproject.”的归纳总结，故选ADHuman speechcontains morethan2,000diflerent sounds,fromthecommon mandatotherare clicksof somesouthernAfrican languages.But whyare certainsounds morecommon thanothers Aground-breaking,five-year studyshowsthat diet-related changesin humanbite ledtonewspeech sounds that arenow found in halfthe worldslanguages.More than30years ago,the scholarCharles Hockettnoted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such asf，and vwere morecommon inthe languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now ateam ofresearchers ledby DamianBlasiat theUniversity ofZurich,Switzerland,has foundhow andwhy thistrend arose.（对齐），They discoveredthat the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned making it hardto produce labiodentals,which areformed bytouching thelower liptotheupper teeth.Later,our jawschanged toan（结构），overbite structuremaking iteasier toproduce suchsounds.The teamshowed thatthis change in bitewas connectedwith thedevelopment ofagriculture inthe Neolithicperiod.Food becameeasier tochew atthis point.The jawbonedidn*t havetodoas muchwork andso didntgrow tobe solarge.Analyses ofa languagedatabase alsoconfirmed that there was a global changeinthe sound of world languages aftertheNeolithic age,withtheuse ofand v increasing remarkably duringthelast few thousand years.These soundsare stillnot foundinthe languages of many hunter-gatherer peopletoday.This researchoverturns thepopular viewthat allhuman speech sounds werepresent whenhuman beingsevolvedaround300,000years ago.The setof speechsounds weuse has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance ofhumanbeings,but rather the huge variety of speechsounds that we find today isthe product ofa complex interplay ofthingslike biologicalchangeandcultural evolutionJ said Steven Moran,a memberofthe research team.
32.Which aspectofthehuman speechsound doesDamian Blasisresearch focusonA.Its variety.B.Its distribution.C.Its quantity.D.Its development.A.They hadfewer upper teeth thanlower teeth.B.They couldnot openand closetheir lipseasily.C.Their jawswere notconveniently structured.D.Their lowerfront teethwere notlarge enough.
34.What isparagraph5mainly aboutA.Supporting evidenceforthe research results.B.Potential applicationoftheresearch findings.
33.Why wasit difficultfor ancient human adultstoproduce labiodentalsC.A furtherexplanation oftheresearchmethods.D.A reasonabledoubt abouttheresearchprocess.
35.What doesSteven Moransay aboutthe setof humanspeech soundsA.It iskeytoeffective communication.B.It contributesmuch tocultural diversity.C.It isa complex and dynamic system.D.It drivesthe evolutionof humanbeings.【体裁】说明文【话题】科研报告饮食变化带来发音变化【答案】32D【解析】细节理解题根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段最后一句Damian Blasi,Now ateam ofresearchersledbyDamian BlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,has foundhow andwhy thistrendarose.（现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安・布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的）,根据文章第一段中的“More than30years ago,the scholarCharlesHockett notedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,such asf and“v”,were morecommon inthe（多年学者注意至，被称为唇languagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.30It!,Charles HockettU齿音的语音，如叶’和、在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见厂可知的研究重点V DamianBlasi是在语言的演变上，故选项D【答案】33C【解析】细节理解题根据题干关键词定位到第三段根据ancienthuman adults”“They discoveredthat theupperand lowerfront teethof ancienthumanadultswere aligned,making ithard toproducelabiodentals,which areformed bytouching thelower liptotheupperteeth.Later,our jawschanged toan overbite（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，structure,makingiteasier toproduce suchsounds.因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的后来，我们的下颗变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音广可知，因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇齿音选项中的是原文的“Their jawswere notconveniently structured”“theupperandlowerfrontteethofancient以及的同义转换，故选项humanadultswerealigned”“Later,our jawschanged toan overbitestructure”C【答案】34A【解析】主旨大意题根据题干关键信息定位到第五段，根据“paragraph5”“Analyses ofa languagedatabase alsoconfirmedthat therewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafter theso Neolithicage,with theuseoffandv^increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.These soundsare stillnotfound寸语言数据库的分析还证实，新石器时代之后，inthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gatherer peopletoday.«世界语言的声音发生了全球变化，“仔和的使用在过去几千年中显著增加这些声音在今天许“v”多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到）”可知,第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果，故选项A【答案】35C【解析】推理判断题根据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段根据Steven Moran”“The setof speechsounds weusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceof humanbeings,but ratherthehugevariety ofspeechsoundsthatwe findtoday isthe productofacomplex inteiplayof thingslike biologicalchangeand（研究小组成员说cultural evolution,saidSteven Moran,a memberoftheresearch team.Steven Moran“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物”）可知，认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统选StevenMoran项中的是原文中的“complexanddynamicsystem^^“ratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefind的同义转换，故选项todayistheproductofacomplexinterplayof things”C限时检测Passage1（•云南师大附中模拟预测）（泰铢）.2023Some freethings todo inBangkok toget morebang foryour bahtChatuchak Weekend MarketOneofthelargest marketsintheworld,Chatuchak isa simplyunforgettable Bangkokexperience,even ifyou dontplanon buyinganything.Ifs free to visit and there are morethan15,000stalls toexplore fromantiques andsouvenirs to（微缩模型）used trainers,miniature foodofferings forspirit housesandlivefrogs.The fullmarket operatesfrom9am to6pm onSaturday andSunday.Youd betterarrive by10am tobeat thecrowdsandtheheat.PapayaTechnically,many ofthe objectsinthiscelebratedfour-story antiquestore arefor sale,but pricesfortheownerscollection of19th-and20th-century artifactsaresoastronomically highthatthecollection neverseems toexhaust.（怀日），Instead,many seePapaya asa museumof recentnostalgia Ianditsa greatplace tobrowse withoutany pressuretobuy.Bangkok DollFactoryMuseumThis workshopwas foundedby Thaidoll enthusiastKhunying Chandavimolin1956after shecompleted adoll-making coursein Japan.Her dollsdraw onThai mythologyand varioushistorical periods,andthecollectionincludes some400dolls fromaround theworld,plus importantpieces fromher ownworkshop,where youcan watchthefigures beingcrafted byhand forfree.The museumis trickyto find;take ataxi fromBTSPhayaThaiandgetthedrivertocallthemuseumfordirections.ChinatownThick withthe scentof traditionalherbal medicines,Bangkoks Chinatownoffers asensory experiencethat you（塞曲）wont findanywhere elseinthecity.The narrowmarket alleysoff YaowaratRoad arecrammed with1bircfs-nestsoup restaurants,dangling lanterns,gaudy goldand jadeshops,and flashingneon signsin Chinesecharacters.It isBangkoksmost crowdedneighborhood,where halfthe funis ingetting completelylost.A.Chatuchak orPapaya.B.Chatuchak orChinatown.C.Papaya orBangkok DollFactory.D.Papaya orChinatown.
2.Which placeisalittle bithard toarrive atA.Chatuchak.B.Papaya.C.Bangkok DollFactory.D.Chinatown.
3.What dothefourplaces havein commonA.All oftheobjectsfor saleare expensive.B.Visitors canalways finddelicious foodthere.C.You canjust windowshop asyou like.D.You areabletovisit theplaces anytime.【体裁】应用文
1.Which ofthe followingwillbeyour bestchoice,ifyouarelookingfora1960s typewriter【话题】旅游购物广告四处到泰国旅游购物可以只逛不买的好去处.【答案】1A【解析】细节理解题根据部分中的ChatuchakWeekendMarket Itsfreetovisitandtherearemorethan（微缩模型）15,000stalls toexplore fromantiques andsouvenirs toused trainers,miniature food。
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