教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总

Unit1Whats the matter

一、询问某人的安康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法1询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种构造来表达What s thematterwith sb.某人怎么了？What swrong with sb.某人怎么了？What,s thetrouble withsb.〔某人〕出什么事了？What happenedto sb.［某人发生了什么事？Are youOK你没事吧？Is thereanything wrongwithsb.某人有什么事吗？⑵要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下构造

①某人+have/has+病症.The twinshave colds.双胞胎感冒了某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She hada stomachachelast night.她昨晚肚子痛

③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位.He hasa sorethroat.他喉咙痛

④某人+hurt s+身体部位或反身代词.He hurthis leg.他的腿受伤了

⑤某部位+hurt s.My headhurts badly.我头痛得厉害

⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位,I havea painin mychest.我胸口痛©There issomething wrongwith ones+身体部位.There issomething wrongwith myright eye..我的右眼有毛病

⑧其他表达方式good/well betterbestbad/badly worseworst/illmany/much moremostlittle lessleastfar farthefarthestrfurthe furthestroldolder Oldest无血缘关系的elder eldest有血缘关系Unit8Have youread TreasureIsland yetUnit9Have youever beento amuseum现在完成时Present PerfectTense1表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果一It sso dark.太黑了——Someone hasturned offthe light.有人把灯关上了2〕表示从过去某一时间开场并一直持续到现在的动作或状态常及since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego,so far等时间状语连用Eg.I havelived herefor tenyears.我已经住在这里10年了〔从10年前开场，持续到现在还住这儿〕Eg.I havelived heresince

2003.自从2003年我就住在这儿从2003年开场,持续到现在还住这儿3根本构造及句型转换主语+have/has+过去分词done当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have

①肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他I havefinished my homework.肯定句

②否认句主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他I havenot finishedmy homework.〔否认句

③一般疑问句Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他一Have youfinished yourhomework一Yes,I have./No,I havent,一般疑问句及肯定、否认答复4has gone to,has beento,has beenin的区别Have/Has goneto:去了现在不在说话现场Eg.------Where isyour father----He hasgoneto Shanghai.Have/Has beento:去过已不在去过的地方Eg.My fatherhas beentoShanghai.Have/has beenin呆了多久还在所呆的地方Eg.My fatherhas beenin Shanghaifor two months.=My fatherhasbeen inShanghai sincetwomonthsago.5现在完成时的标志

①常及just,already,yet,ever,never,before,so far等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续Have youever beento JapanI havejust finishedmyhomework.

②for+时间段；since+过去的时间点；since+段时间ago；since+一般过去时的句子They haveknown eachother forfive years.Since hewas achild,he haslived inEngland.6动词过去式和过去分词的变化规那么变化

1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed如pick fpicked fpicked;wish fwished fwished;stay fstay ed-stayed

2.以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d如like—liked―liked;hope—hoped—hoped;phone—phoned一phoned

3.以一辅音字母+y II结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-ed如study-studied-studied;hurry-hurried-hurried;reply一replied freplied

4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed如stop fstopped fstopped;clap-clapped-clapped不规那么变化

5.以不变应万变如let flet flet;put fput fput;read fread-read

6.假设中间有双写e,那么去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t如feel ffelt ffelt;keep fkept fkept;sleep-slept fslep

7.结尾的字母d变t如lend—lent—lent;build—built—built;send—sent-s ent

8.变为以-ought或-aught结尾如buy fbought fbought;bring-brought-brought;catch-caught fcaught;teach ft aughtf taughtUnit10r vehad thisbike forthree years.短暂性动词（buy,die,join,finish等〕不能直接及for,since连用，需要改变10catch a cold haveacold-一动词1ljoin thearmy--in thearmy/be a1beginstart--be onsoldier2open--be open12borrow---------------------keep3become be一一13join theparty be in thepar一一4die bedead一一ty/be aparty member5fall asleepbe asleep一一14buy----------------------have6close beclosed一一15come/go/arrive/reach/get/move7end/finish-----be overto------------------------bein/at8put on——wear总结

1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响9leave beaway from一一和结果；

2.还可以表示过去发生的动作,一直持续到现在，也有可能持续下去.

3..一般情况下，for+时间段；since+过去的时间点；since+段时间ago；since+一般过去时的句子

4.句型现在完成时态〔have/has+延续性动词的过去分词〕+for/since...She hasa hearttrouble.她有心脏病He gothit onthe head他头部受到了撞击She cuther finger.她割破手指了二情态动词should的用法

1.Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当〃，否认式为shouldn t,其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等You shoulddrink hotwaterwith honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水He shouldput hishead back他应该把头后仰We shouldtry ourbest tohelp him.我们应当尽力去帮助他You shouldntwatch TV.你不应该看电视

2.Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见Should Iput somemedicine onit我应当给它敷上药吗？Should wetell herabout it我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考察的重点主要构造有

①Would youlike to do sth.你想要/愿意做某事吗？Would youlike toplay basketballwith me你想要和我一起打篮球吗？

②Shall I/we do sth我/我们做,,,,好吗？Shall wego tothe zootomorrow明天我们去动物园，好吗？

③Why not do sth为什么不”呢？Why notjoin us为什么不参加到我们当中来呢？@How/What aboutdoing sth做某事怎么样？How aboutgoing swimming去游泳怎么样？

⑤Let sdo sth让我们做,“，吧Let sgo home.咱们回家吧You dbetter notgo therealone.你最好不要一个人去那儿Unit2r11help cleanup thecity parks动词不定式A.作主语一一为防止句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置常用句型It+be+adj./n.+for/of sb.to do sth./It takessb.some timeto dosth.B.作宾语一一动词want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prep are…常接动词不定式作宾语C.作后置定语常用于“have/has+sth.+to do”或enough+名+to do〃“It，s timeto dosth.〃等构造中D.作宾语补足语tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want/call/invite sb.to dosth,构造【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去t“一感feel,二听listen to,hear,三让let,make,have,,四看look at,see,watch,notice,半帮助help”E.动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in orderto或so asto“为了，目的是〃常用构造有too+adj./adv.+todosth.等F.固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的形式有had better notdosth./Would youliketo dosth./Why notdosth./Would you please notdosth.等Unit3Could youplease cleanyour roomCould youplease...？句型1请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说Can you...please情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳在日常生活中常使用could you/L..假设在句末加上please,那么显得更礼貌Could youhelp mefind mybook,please你能帮我找到我的书吗？2对could you/I..？的问句作出肯定答复,常用usure/certainly/of course”等;如果作・否认答复，常用“sorry或oh,please dont〃一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌3表示请求的句式Would youlike todo...Would youmind doing...Let sdo..・.Shall I/we do...Please do...祈使句前加please提示could youplease...及could IPlease...两种问句，前者是请求别人帮助的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语试比拟Couldyouplease helpme请你帮我一下好吗？Could Iplease invitemy friendsto mybirthday party,Mom妈妈，我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？Unit4Why don,t youtalk toyour parents

1.提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式How/what aboutdoing sth.[about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词“…怎么样？”You dbetternotdo something.你最好〔不做某事〃Would youlike sth•••:你想要某物Lets dosth,--What shouldI do,••（should表示请求、征询对方意见）dont you…提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式Why dontyou do something=Why notdosomething你为什么不做某事呢？来表示请求、征询对方意见

3.until,so that,although引导的状语从句Duntil在带有tin或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时〃，谓语动词只能用延续性动词如果主句用否认式，其含义是“直到……才……〃，”在……以前不……〃，谓语动词可用瞬间动词Don tget offuntil thebus stops.2）so that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如He studieshard sothat hecould workbetter inthe future3）although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然〕，引导让步状语从句引导的从句不能及并列连词but,and,so等连用，但可以和yet,still等词连用例如Although hewas tired,he wenton working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作Unit5What wereyou doingwhen therainstorm came过去进展时

1.根本概念过去进展时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进展的动作这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示

2.构造was/were（not）+动词一ing

3.句式肯定式I/He/She/It wasworking.We/You/They/were working.否认式I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They/were notworking.疑问式和简单答复Was Iworking Yes,you were.No,you were not.Were youworking Yes,I was.No,I wasnot.Was he/she/it workingYes,he/she/it was.No,he/she/it wasnot.Were we/you/they workingYes,you/we/they were.No,you/we/they werenot.注:1）wasnot常缩略为wasn，t;werenot常缩略为weren to2）一般过去时及过去进展时用法的比拟一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态，而过去进展时那么表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进展的动作例如David wrotea letter to his friend last night.大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信（信写完了）David waswriting alettertohisfriendlastnight.大卫昨晚——直在给他的朋友写信（信不一定写完）when,while区别1）由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进展时，从句应用一般过去时；由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进展时When the teacher came in,we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，那么为While we weretalking,theteachercamein.2）如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进展时的时候，多用while引导如They weresinging whileweweredancing.Unit6An oldman triedto movethe mountains

1.unless引导条件状语从句unless=if…not一除非，假设不They willgo tomorrowunless itrains.=They willgo tomorrowif itdoesn trains.

3.so+many/few+复数名词+that从句He hasso fewfriends thathe oftenfeels lonely.句型4so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句I hadso littlemoney thatI couldnt buya pen.Unit7What sthe highestmountain inthe world形容词副词的原级、比拟级和最高级

（一）原级句型

1.A isas+原级+as+B表示A及B一样…eg:He isas tall as me.is not as/so+原级+as B表示A不如B…eg:He isnotastallasme.

3.只能修饰原级的词，very,quite,so,too,so,enough,pretty等例如，He istoo tiredto walkon.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了

（二）比拟级句型可以修饰比拟级的词，much,a lot,far,…的多a little,a bit,-------------\点儿even甚至，still仍然Eg.Lesson Oneis mucheasier thanLesson Two.第——课比第二课容易得多Tom lookseven youngerthan before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻时那么用比拟级eg:He isfatter thanme.

2.当句子中的比拟对象为两者时用比拟级“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比拟级，A orB〃eg:Whichis bigger,the earthor themoon哪一个大，地球还是月球？

3.“比拟级+and+比拟级〃表示“越来越……〃flowers aremore andmore beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮加more构成比拟级的形容词那么用more andmore+形容词表示越来越…eg:English ismore andmore important.4,“the+比拟级,the+比拟级〃表示“越……,越……〃Eg.The morecareful youare,the fewermistakes you11make.

6.A+be+形容词比拟级+than+any other+单数名词（+介词短语）表示A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……〃，含义是“A最……〃Eg.The YangtzeRiver islonger thanany otherriver in China.=The YangtzeRiver is the longest river inChina.

（三）最高级常用句型构造

1.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语〃表示“……是……中最……的〃egTom is the tallestin hisclass,/of allthe students.This appleisthebiggest ofthe five.2•“主语+be+one ofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语〃表示“……是……中最……之一〃OEgBeijing isone ofthe largestcities inChina.

3.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A,B,or C用于三者以上eg Whichisthebiggest Themoon,the sunor thsearth

4.“the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围〃表示…是第几大〔…）eg:The YellowRiver isthe secondlongestriverinChina.【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the,但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时那么不用加theeg:He isthe beststudent inmy class.He ismy bestfriend.

（四）形容词副词的规那么及不规那么变化规那么变化

1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,例如，tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest

2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如，nice-nicer-nicest

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i,再加er或est,例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest

4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est,eg.b ig-b igger-bi ggest

5.局部双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比拟级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful不规那么变化比拟原级最高级级。