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动词不定式的用法及语法功能不定式中所谓“不定”,是指不受主语的人称和数的变化的影响动词不定式的基本形式有两种,一种是带的不定式,另一种是不带to的不定式动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,to但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语,表语,定语,状语和宾语补足语动词不定式仍然保留动词的特点,即有自己的宾语和状语,也就是说,动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成它自己的不定式短语不定式的语法功能不定式在句子中有各种作用,不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的特征」不定式作名词的用法不定式在句子中的作用,有时和名词相同,在句子中担当主语,表语,宾语和宾语补足语不定式作主语:常用句型It isto不定式作主语的句子通常用不定式的句型来代替,在句It is…to+子中作形式主语,真正的主语式后面的动词不定式在这里,不it定式被视为第三人称单数,所以动词要用(现在时)或(过is was去时)如以下例句所示It isimportant tolearn Englishwell.It isdangerous toplay inthe street.It is hard to say goodbyewith you.不定式作表语不定式作表语To do最好的计划是离开这里e.g.The bestplan isto leavehere.不定式作宾语:不定式在及物动词后作宾语,常见的及物动词有Ask,decide,begin,fail,continue,forget,hate,help,like,long,want,wait,manage,need,start,pretend,refuse,try,dare,agree,等know,wish,afford不定式作副词的用法不定式有时起副词作用,修饰动词或形容词,在句子中相当于状语,表示目的和原因表目的-不定式在不及物动词后担当状语e.g.My momcame tosee meyesterday evening.-针对的疑问句回答时,如果表示目的,可用不定式来代替whye.g.Why didyou goto BeijingTovisit theGreat Walland theSummer Palace.表原因不定式可以在等表达感情的形容词后,表示“因为……happy,glad而……”e.g.T mhappy tosee you.还有下列短语be happyto do---be gladto do…be sorryto do…be foolishto do…be sadto do…be surprisedto do…be supposedto do…不定式作形容词的用法-不定式有时起形容词的作用,修饰名词,代词,在句中作定语,作定语时,不定式位于所修饰的名词或代词之后你是第一个回答我问e.g.You arethe firstto answermy question,题的人-不定式修饰时,置于其后,如果something,anything,nothing有形容词来修饰,顺序则为something,anything,nothing+不定式something anything---e.g.Have yougot anythingto eatWe have gotsomething sweetto eat.综合练习题
1.Wehavea lotof work.A.to doB.did C.do D.doing
2.As astudent,the mostimportant thingishard.A.study B.to studyC.studied D.studies
3.The teachertells us.A.how to spell and write B.tospelland writeC.to how spell andtowrite D.howspellandwrite
4.Would youlike withmeA.dance toB.to danceC.dance D.dancing
55.We don t knowfix theproblems.A.to howB.how toC.to D.to do
6.Please tellher toohard.1A.not towork B.dontwork C.not workD.to notwork
7.You haveenough time.A.to think it overB.to overthinkitC.thinking itover D.thinkingover it
8.It isvery importantfor allof us.A.to finish the tasksB.not tofinish thetasks C.finishing thetasksD.finishthetasks
9.If svery kindof you.A.say soB.saying soC.tosayso D.saying notso
510.I mhungry,please giveme somethingA.to eatB.eating C.for eatingD.eat。
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