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句子成分和基本句型—.句子的成分:句子通常是由主语和谓语两个部分构成主语即句子的主题,也就是“句子讲的是什么,是谁谓语是对有关问题加以说明,向对方提供新的信息,用来说明主语在干什么当然句子还包括其他成分,使句意更加完整,充实主要有表语,宾语(直接宾语,间接宾语),宾语补足语,定语和状语等,主语主语使表示行为或状态的主体,使谓语需要讲述的对象,表示“是什么”或“是谁一般由名词,代词,不定式,数词,动名词,动名词短语或从句来充当,通常置于句首He isplaying basketballon theplayground.She ismy bestfriend.,谓语谓语是用来说明主语的动作或状态,表示“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”谓语或谓语部分必须用动词或动词短语还要注意和主语保持一致She ismy Englishteacher.We areplaying thepiano atthe moment.It isher littlepuppy.表语A表语用来说明主语的特征,状态,身份,表示“是什么”或“怎么样”,用名词,代词,形容词,副词,介词,不定式,分词或短语来充当The bookis onthe table.This ismy mom.That iswhy hewas ill.Today issunny.,宾语宾语式用来说明动作,行为的对象,是动作的承受者,由名词,代词宾格,不定式或相当于名词或短语的词来担任We alllike her.Give itto me.,状语状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词,短语或句子一般表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度,意义等,一般由副词,介词短语,不定式,分词或短语来表示Suddenly thesky isgetting darkerand darker.】定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的由形容词,代词,名词,数词,介词短语,不定式短语或从句来充当He cancarry thebig box.I havea pento write.,补语补语包括主语补足语和宾语补足语,这里我们重点需要掌握宾语补足语,它是用来说明宾语或主语的特征,状态和身份,主要是由形容词,名词,副词,短语,分词等来担任We foundit verydifficult todeal with.五种基本句型,主语+不及物动词S+VThe sunrises.Don tsmoke!I canswim.常见的不及物动词walk,happen,sleep,take place,laugh,work,等stay,come,go主语+及物动词+宾语X S+V+O5We cant seeanything.,主语+系动词+表语S+V+P和是常见的系动词,后面直接加表语,表语通常是be become名词或形容词等还有keep,look,smell,feel,sound,taste;等get,turn,growPlease keepquiet inthe library.It tastesgood.I likethis perfume,it smellsnice.5Sounds good,let sdo it!主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语AI teachyou English,you teachme Chinese.Please giveme thatbook,thank you.注意:直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象间接宾语是及物动词的动作所及的人或物,常加双宾语的动词有动词后+to:show,give,pass,lend,leave,hand,send,throw,return,tell等动词后等+for:do,make,buy,play,order,pay,sing,get主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语A在某些及物动词后,需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补足才能完整表达句意,这样的宾语和宾补称为复合宾语名词,不定式,分词,形容词,副词都可以做宾补-常跟复合宾语的动词有:等call,make,name,find,keep,leave,think综合练习题--单选题
1.does ittake youto travelfrom Hangzhouto ShenzhenA.How longB.How muchC.How oftenD.How far
2.Please keepquiet,and dont makeany.A.voice B.noise C.sound D.noice
3.Jack theglasses andsome ofthem broke.A.fell B.let fallC.dropped D.let down,
4.We dont reallyknow wewalked.A.how longB.how muchC.how manyD.how far
55.Jason doesnt studyhard,so heknows Englishwords.A.some littleB.a littleC.such alittle D.so little
6.These problemsare difficultfor us.A.too B.enough C.too muchD.so much
7.He hasmuch workto dothat heis stayinglate inthecompany.A.so B.such C.very D.too
8.The littlekid carefullybut nothing.A.heard,listened B.heard,heard C.listened,heard D.listened,listened
9.How doyou itin EnglishA.speak B.tell C.say D.told
10.Sometimes itis difficultto whatto do.A.decide herselfB.decide C.decide yourselfD.decideoneself。
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