西方文化导论课后复习题

1.Give abrief accountof the major achievements of Greek culture,such asthose inreligion,philosophy,literature andscience.Gree.religio.reall.too.shap.durin.th.Homeri.Age,an.feature.polytheis.wit.god.takin.huma.for.an.feeling.Gree.religio.mad..grea.contributio.t.Gree.literature.philosoph.an.art.I.i.a.importan.origi.o.Gree.mytholog.,Gree.philosoph.starte.wit.Thale.

64.BC-

54.BC.whbelieve.tha.th.materia.worLoriginatai.water,Th.cor.Gree.philosopher.ar.Socrates.Plat.an.Aristotle.Socrate.ha.scan.regar.fo.materia,wealth.Plat.establishe.th.Academ..th.firs.Gree.institutio.o.highe.learning.Literar.representatio.centre.roun.th.tw.epi.poem.o.th.Ilia.an.th.Odysseyo2What doyou thinkof theinfluence Greekculture hasexerted onWestern Civilizationas awhole Giveexamples.Gree.cultur.i.ofte.terme.th.cradl.o.th.Wester.Civilizatio.an.ha.ha.a.enormou..an.architecture.Gree.politic.wa.on.o.th.greates.influence.o.Wester.Civilization.The secondsignificant influencewas thatof philosophy,give soundguidance tolater yearpeople toimprove andchangethe worldoutside themselveso

1..i.th.majo.foundatio.i.th.wester.cultur.an.make..powerfu.impac.o.th.developmen.o.huma.civilizati on.C.Ancient Chineseculture D.Ancient Egyptculture

2.Gree.cultur.ca.b.date.bac.to.

3.wa.calle.u th.firs.citize.o.Athens.b.Thucydide.an.i.hi.reig.th.slave-base.democrac.politic.i.Athen.reache.it.peak.A.Justinia.I B.Cleon C.Pericles D.Ptolemy

4.Herodotus.fathe.o.Gree.History.focuse.o.describin.th.wa.betwee..i.hi.book.Th.Histories.

5.establishe.th.Academ..th.firs.Gree.institutio.o.highe.learning.A.Plat...B.Socrate...C.Aristotl...D.HeraclitusChapter2l.Tell brieflythe majorcharacteristics andcontributions ofRoman culture,as aredemonstrated inreligion,poetry,history andarchitecture.Lth.earLperiod.Roma.cultur.ofte.depende.heavil.o.th.introductio.an.imitatio.o.othe.cultures.particularly.Gree.culture.Thu.Roman.create.thei.ow.powerfu.culture.layin.th.foundatio.fo.subsequen.Wester.cultur.i.man.fields.Accordin.t.Gree.cultur.an.others.culture.the.create.thei.ow.god.an.myth.Lpoetry.ancien.Rom.mad.brillian.achievements.Liv.wa.responsibl.fo.th.grea.Histor.o.Rom.i.

14.volumes.Hi.wor.ha.alway.bee.cite.b.late.statesmen.writer.o.scholars,Th.architectur.o.Ancien.Rom.adopte.th.Gree.styl.fo.it.ow.purposes.hu.th.Roman.als.develope..ne.kind.

2.1n whatsense doyou thinkRoman cultureowed itsaccomplishments to the benefitsobtained fromGreekculture Giveexamples.Roman culturelearned andinherited alot fromGreekculture.,religion,philosophy andliterature.Lreligion.Rom.ha.it.ow.syste.o.belief.whic.ha.bee.simpl.an.couLhardl.compar.wit.th.pluralit.o.Gree.religion.Th.sam.i.tru.o.Roma.philosoph.wher.w.couLfin.example.J.literature.Roma.me.o.letter.als.borrowe..ALi.all.th.tw.culture.ar.closel.linkedgrea.dea.fro.Gree.culture.

3.Roma.culture.combine.wiLGree.culture.mark.th.daw.o.Wester.cultur.wit..heritag.ric.enoug.t.buiLu..powerfu.civilizatio.i.th.successiv.centuries.Tr.t.dra.u.som.helpfu.lesson.fro.th.Roma.cultura.developmen.b.focusin.o.on.o.tw.aspect.i.relatio.t.th.developmen.o.othe.cultures.I.i.generall.agree.tha..natio.need.t.buil.u.it.cultur.o.th.basi.o.wha.ha.bee.achieve.b.it.ancestors.A.th.sam.tim.thi.natio.ha.t.pic.u.somethin.ne.fro.othe.advance.cultur.sources.Thu.th.natio.ha.t.fac..proble.o.ho.t.handl.th.relationshi.betwee.inheritanc.an.learning.W.coul.se.th.Roman.ha.suc..choic.i.th.earl.day.Bu.the.wer.cleve.enoug.t.mak.th.righ.choice.the.too.measure.t.ensur.everythin.t.thei.benefit.The.wer.s.sincer.an.seriou.i.adoptin.Gree.cultur.J.thi.sens.Roman.wo.anothe.victor.i.additio.t.thei.militar.victory.Th.lesso.o.Roma.histor.i.tha.w.shoul.tr.t.b.humanitarian.generous.toleran.an.magnanimou.a.th.momen.o.crisi.o.conflic.an.tr.t.minimiz.th.losses.A.MultipLChoic.l.Ancien.Roma.cuItur.i.th.cultur.fro.th.formatio.o..t.th.en.o.th.Roma.Empire.whic.ha.laste.abou.l

20.year.throughout.A.Roma.Republic.B.Roma.Republic.Byzantiu.c.Roma.Empire.Pa.Roman.

2.

1.er.th.twins.th.founder.o.Rom.i.th.history.

3.wa.th.firs.empero.i.Roma.Empir.fro.

2.B.t

1.AD.A.Caesa...B.Octavia..C.Remu..D.Pompey

4.Italia.poe.Dant.regard..a.hi.teache.i.Th.Divin.Comedy.A.Virgi..B.Horae..C.Ovi..D.Chauce.

5.Th.la.o.th.Twelv.Table.wa.inscribe.i.Chapter3vl.Ho.wa.th.Jewis.civilizatio.develope.afte..tortuou.histor.o.spli.an.unificationTh.majo.explanatio.fo.th.developmen.o.th.Jewis.civilizatio J.it.stron.cohesivenes.an.vitality,the.pu.int.effec.thei.Judais.belief.an.wha.the.rea.o.Judais.scriptures.From thenon Jewshave begunto becomeaware of the necessicityto liberatethemselves fromthe restrictivelaws andacquirenew knowledgeand modernideas fromthe Europeans,Most ofJews thusreceived agood education,fully armedwithcultural andscientific knowledgeand didwell in their ownposition theycould quicklyturn itinto awell developednationin spiteof itssmall sizeand smallpopulation.

2.Say somethingabout Judaismand TheOld Testament.

3.man.westerner.bega.t.understan.Judais.b.readin.thi.book.Li.no.onl.o.religiou.valu.bu.als.o.literatr.value.

4.What wouldyou sayabout theJewish contribution to Christianity and WesterncultureGive examplesto showhow Jewishculture relatesto anddiffers fromthe othercultures,such asGreek andArabiccultures..Th.Jewis.cultur.ha.don.muc.fo.Christianit.an.Wester.culture.suc.a.th.Jewis.contributio.t.th.transmissio.o.Wester.cultur..On.o.th.example.isJewis.assistanc.t.th.estalishmen.o.Christianity.Lwa.thJew.wh.worke.a.th.earl.organizer.an.participants.th.undergroun.activitie.o.th.Christians.Anothe.exampl.concern.Philo.th.majo.Jewish-Hellenisti.philosophe.o.th.earLperiod.combine.bot.th.Gree.philosophica.elemen.an.Jewis.theology.A.MultipLChoice.

1.The BabylonianCaptivity referstothecaptivation andimprisonment of the Jewsby NebuchadnezzarII,in

2.I.history.Israelit.monarch.prospere.wit.th.thre.kings.Saul..

3.Jerusale.wa.establishe.a.th.capita.i..A.

58.B.B.

100.B.C,

100.D.

58.BCA.Pulitze.Josep.B.Sau.Bello..Singe.D.Hemingway

5.Th.ancesto.o.th.Jew.i.—A.Greek.B.Germani.,C.Hebrew.D.Roma.Chapter

41.What arethe maincomponents ofChristianityandwhy couldit beaccepted as the officialreligion firstby theRomanEmpire and then bythe followingkingdoms orempires inEurope1The maincomponents ofChristianity are:1The Bibleastheonly Christianscripture;Major Christiandoctrines aboutTrinity andRedemption^Other doctrinesor eventsofChristianity:2Christianity isaccepted andpopular inEurope becauseof thesefactors:

2.Fo.th.commo.peopl.i.th.empir.,a.suc..role.

3.I.coul.wor.togethe.wit.an.secula.regime.t.offe.necessar.assistance..Th.nam.an.influenc.o.Christiait.woul.b..symbo.o.sacrednes.an.justification.4Christianity isalso akind ofculture,it couldbe toleratedbecause theirlife andproperty couldthus besecured in thechanged circumstances.

2.Wha.ar.th.basi.difference.betwee.Christianitan.JudaismIn spiteofthefact thatthe tworeligions derivedfrom Jewishculture,there aresome basicdifferences betweenthem.Firs.i.th.differen.imag.o.God.Secon.i.differen.vie.o.God.Jehova.i.viewe.H.i.lik.fir.o.win..Go.i.kinde.an.mor.helpful.Thir.i.th.differen.positio.eac.religio.i.locate.i.an.henc.woul.mak.differen.contribution.Fourt.i.Jehova.wa.importan.t.Jew.onLi.theor.an.affec.the.i.spiri.occasional!.whil.Christianit.move.int.secula.lif.fo.th.Westerne.a.Pop.an.churche.becam.ver.powerfu..

3.Try togive reasonswhy Christianitycould keepits dominantposition inthe spiritualworld ofthe Westfor overtwothousand years.Th.firs.reaso.fo.th.dominan.positio.o.th.Christia.Churc.i.it.representatio.o.Wester.cultura.traditio.unde.th.cove.o.wha.coul.b..hypocritica.mas.a.ofte.confirme.i.historica.development.The secondreason isthe divisionof political and ideologicaldominances inthe formof atacit understandingbetweenfeudal autocracyandthechurchThe thirdreason isthe churchscontributiontothe successfulhandling ofpoliticalandsocial eventsas anarbitrator,.migh.serv.t.explai.wh.Christianit.coul.com.sue..Ion.wa.withou.bein.topple.lik.it.secula.contemporaries.Thi.doe.no.mean.however.tha.Christianit.i.perfec.o.faultless..A.l.Christianit.i.th.syste.o.religiou.belie.an.practic.abou.—.an.starte.a.th.tur.o.—..Mary.1s.centur.A.B Jesu.Christ.1s.centur.A.C.Jehova.1s.centur.B.Jesu.Christ.Is.centur.BC.

2.

0.

2.February.Roma.Empero.—.accepte.Christianita.th.officia.religion.

3.,Christian Churchwas dividedinto theRoman CatholicChurch andthe EasternOrthodox Churchseated.A.L

105.B.L

105.B.C.L

105..D.L380,.fligh.ou.o.Egypt.A.Exodu..B.th.Gospe..C.Genesi...D.Job

5.

1.th.cradle.o.man.civilizations.sue.u.Trojan.Phrygian.Achaemenid.Greek.Armenian.Roma.an.Byzantine.Chapter

61.Tell simplythe backgroundand developmentofthe Renaissance.It wasno accidentthat itfirst occurredin Florenceand Italywhere theearly signsof capitalismhad appearedat thesametime associal chaos,political disputesand militaryclashes,more andmore peoplebegan tosuspect thejustificationfor thosewho heldthe power,Painting andsculpture werethe firstarea toreflect the change ofsubjectsand tastes.

2.What arethemajorfeatures andachievementsofthe RenaissanceGive examplesTheachievements wereseen principallyinthesix areas,namely painting,sculpture,poetry,fiction,drama andreligiousreformation aswell asthechangeinthecultural.Instances couldbe locatedin theseareas,The greatartistsstarted tofocus onthe images,linking classicalismwith humannature.

3.Sa.somethin.abou.th.significanc.o.th.Renaissanc.wit.respec.Lit.influence.o.th.late.developmen.o.socia.an.economi.an.intellectua.condition.i.th.West.Th.mos.significan.aspec.o.th.Renaissanc.i.it.reassertio.o.th.necessit.fo.ideologica.emancipatio.an.intellectua.freedom.Thank.t.heav.pressure.socia.developmen.showe.littl.change.Intellectua.progres.almos.cam.t..stop,Therefore.th.peopLi.thi.perio.eventuall.too.actio.t.oppos.th.accepte.subservienc.t.authorit.b.evokin.classica.ide.a..majo.weapo.t.sho.thei.dissatisfaction.Wit.thos.earl.achievement.i.ar.an.literature.th.longin.fo.chang.an.progres.bega.t.sprea.t.politica.an.economi.domains.Mor.an.mor.peopl.becam.consciou.o.th.importanc.o.th.Renaissanc.an.joine.i.th.movemen.Th.religiou.peopl.als.wante.t.hav.fre.choice.wit.thei.persona.belief.an.actions.Al.thes.wer.unde.wa.an.prepare.fo.som.mor.change..

1.

2.The bourgeoisiewas aresult ofproduction interms ofwage-payment andprofit.

3.A.mass.B.agricultural.C.industrial.D.commercial;

4.The Renaissancewas thestage ofthe MiddleAges beforethe modernepoch.

5.A.transitional.B.last.C.initial.D.preparatory;

6.The earliestuniversity inEurope wasthe oneestablished in.A.Berlin.B.Rome.C.Bologna.D.Oxford;

4.Th.Renaissanc.mad.it.firs.appearanc.i.th.cit.o.A.Venice.B.Paris.C.Florence.D.London;

5.The coreidea oftheRenaissancewas.A.rationalism.B.realism.C.humanism.D.classicism;B:F.F T.F.TA:A C B.A.A B:F.T F.F.TA:A.A.B.CB:T.T.F.F.FA:B.B.A.A B:F.T TF.TChapter6A:ABCCC B:FTTTF。