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11.—Is thatthe smallcompany youoften referto一Right,just the one you know my father used to workfor years.A.that B.which C.where D.As
2.—Where didthey finish theexperiment一It wasin thelab wastaken chargeof byProf.Smith.A.where B./C.which D.in which
3.Examination compositions,together withmost businessletters andgovernment reports,are themainsituations formallanguage isused.A.in which B.in that C.of which D.of that
4.Which fi Im is the onemain actorhas wonthe BestActor Prizein thefiImfestivalA.who B.whom C.whose D.which
5.In thatcountry,November30th isa nationalfestival everyone,men andwomen,oldand young,sings anddances happilyin thestreets.A.where B.when C.that D.as
6.This isJohn Brown,I thinkhas somethinginteresting totell you.A.which B.whom C.that D.who
7.We climbedthe HuangshanMountain yesterday,,not surprisingly,was crowdedwith visitorsfrom alloverthe world.A.where B.which C.that D.when
8.The famousfootball player,a bigparty will be heldtomorrow morning,is toarrive thisafternoon.A.in honourof himB.in hishonour C.in whosehonour D.in whichhonour
9.was reportedin thenewspaper,seventeen passengershad beenkilled in the traffic accident.A.It B.As C.What D.That
10.The ownerpaid theworker$10for tidyingthe wholebuilding,most ofhadn tbeencleaned forat leasta year.A.that B.what C.when D.which
11.He hasmade greatcontributions to the scienceof physics,he wasawarded the2009Nobel Prize.A.about which B.what C.for which D.when
1.11don twant touse the same toolyou usedyesterday torepair theair conditioner.A.it B.that C.one D.what
13.They wereinterested youtold them.A.in which B.in that C.all that D.in everything
14.Is thatthe reasonyou arein favorof theproposalA.which B.what C.why D.for that
15.1have boughtthe samedress sheis wearing.A.as B.that C.which D.what限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，起限定作用，与被修饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整例如This isthe veryperson thatis wantedby thepolice.He isthe manwho/that livesnext door.非限制性定语从句只是用来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明,与先行词关系比较松散，先行词与从句间可以用逗号隔开，从句可略去The minister,who isto visitour university,is saidto bea QinghuaUniversity graduate.The businessman,whose suitcasehas beenfound bya stranger,has leftfor Beijing.如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词或形容词性my,his,etc指示代词作限定词的名词词组，其后的定语从句通常为非限制性的例如this,that,etcMy mother,who has been ona visitto Australia,will flyback tomorrow..限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词,代词或名词性词组，而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了是名词及名词性词组外，还可能是句子的一部分或是整个句子例如指代They sayhe playstruant,which hedoesn
7.[which playstruant]〃指前面的句子]The meetingwas putoff tillnext month,as weoped.[as下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处表一限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
1.提供确定或限定主句中某个名词的信
1.提供对确定主句中某个名词的非主要附加信息息由深层嵌入句派生而来由两个独立的深层嵌入句派生而来
2.
2.无分隔定语从句和主句和停顿或特殊标书面语中用逗号，口语中用特殊的停顿和降
3.
3.点符号逗号/插入语/破折号低声调来把定语从句和主句分隔开来可以修饰一个中心名词，或以评价的形式修
4.不可以修饰整个命题，只修饰一个名词饰整个命题
4.可使用和等关系代词不能当作关系代词，只可用代词
5.that whom,which
5.That wh-不常用来修饰专有名词既可修饰普通名词，也可修饰专有名词
6.
6.可修饰带有或等类属限定词的不可修饰带有或等类属限定词的
7.any every
7.any every中心名词中心名词的用法as
1.as引导限制性定语从句时,常与such或the same连用，构成the same...as;such.・・as结构，用于代替指人或物的先行词例如asI havenever eatensuch tastyfoods asshe cookedme.试比较the same...as the same...that（这和我上周读的那本书是一样的）This isthesamebook asI readlast week.（这就是我上周读的那本书）This isthesamebook that I readlast year.如果先行词表示抽象概念，则没有这种区别，例如She toldme thesame storyas/that shehad toldyou.在结构中，后面的也是关系代词，例如as/so…as asWetook asmany menas couldbe permittedto attendthe meeting.、引导非限制性定语从句2关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时,用于代替整个主句，意思是“正如相当于as或从句位置较之引导的非限制性定语从句更加灵活，因而从句and thisand that°as whichas既可以指前面提到的内容，也可以指后面将要提到的内容，一般在主句后例如whichThe testis cancelled,as youhave hoped.The test,as youhave hoped,is cancelled.▲注代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时表达的意思应与主句一致，而且从句中as的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用.例如whichHe failedto passthe examagain,as ispredicted.He failedto passthe examagain,which annoyedhis mothergreatly.记住以下的结构as（众所周知）,（情况常常如此）,as isknown toall asis oftenthe caseas thename Indicates（顾名思义），（可以想象得出）,（这种情况/suggests asmay beimagined asoften happens常常发生）,（如前所述）,（正如已经指出的），as hasbeen saidbefore ashasbeenpointed out（将在…中指出），（正如所希望的）as willbe shownin asis hoped介词+关系代词3“介词+关系代词’引导的定语从句既可以是限制性定语从句，又可以是非限制性定语从句，“介词+关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语、状语、定语等，介词的选择则要根据它与其先行词的关系或前后名词、动词等的搭配关系来决定，同时还应该考虑句子在上下文中要表达的意思.“介词+4which/whom/whose”这时应注意介词与句中短语的搭配例如The problemwith which I havetrouble hasnow beensolved.介词放在关系代词之前的形式的定语从句较之将介词至于从句之末的定语从句正式，因此多用于书面语当中，但在口语中有时也会出现；或者将介词后置，或在介词后置后用（人、物）（人）代替并且可省略例如；that/who which/whom,thatCan youlend mea penor pencilwith whichI can writeCan youlend mea penor pencilthat!whichIcanwritewith.“介词+名词”弓导的定语从句5which+I是一个代表所有关系的关系代词，可用来代表一个名词/代词或句子的一部分，which但更多地是来代表整个句子其中的名词通常是一个抽象名词，如case,fact,state,time,point等例如Water boilsat100℃,at whichtemperature itchanges intogas.He wasabout toleave,at whichmoment Icame backhome.定语从句中的关系副词
6.关系副词引导的定语从句（限制性/非限制性）在从句中作状语，意思相当于“介词，常见的引导定语从句的关系副词有和等，不常见的如表示时+which”where,when why间的关系副词:和since,after beforeo关系副词（）引导表示地点的定语从句
7.where=at,in whichThis isthe place wherehed mostlike tolive therest ofhis life.That istheplacewhere theymet forthe firsttime.在表示“情况、方面、状况”等有地点含义的抽象名词如case,game,spot,point,等作为先行词的定语从句时，也用引导，其意义相conditions,situation,circumstances where当于例如:under whichoItsa kindof gamewhere youcan train your eyesight关系副词（）引导表示时间的定语从句
8.when=at,on,during,in which（）Fil neverforget the day when=on whichI firstcame tothis university.（）This isthe seasonwhen=in whichmost fisherswillbevery busy.关系副词（）引导表示原因的定语从句
9.why=for whichDo youknow the reason why heleft theparty earlythat nightThereasonwhyshe missedthe trainis thatshe was held upby anaccident.关系代词与关系副词的判断
10.看
①谓语动词是否及物用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词从句中如果及物动词后面接宾语，就必须要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词例如（不及物）The dayswhen westayed togetherare unforgettable.stay.（及物，有宾语）Fil neverforget thedays whichI spentwith youin Tokyospend（不及物动词）This isthe reasonwhy hedid notcome thatmorning,come（及物动词）This isthe reason which/that hefound toexcuse forhimself,find
②先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状）先行词表示时间、地点或原因时，就选用关系副词，用或在从句中when,where why,应该是做状语，否则的话则应该用等,有时可以代替或which/that thatwhen,where why,但或中不能代替例如when,where whythato
1.Is thismuseum youvisited afew daysagoA.where B.that C.on which D.the one
2.Is thisthe museumthe exhibitionwasheld.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one在句中，所缺部分为宾语，而都不能起到宾语的作用，只有既做1where,that,on whichtheone了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选；而在句中，主、谓、D2宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词又因词组，可用介词where,in themuseum引导地点状语而此题中，介词用的不对，所以选in+which onAo当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,或时，常用来引导例如everything nothingthere isIdont want to concentrateon anythingthere isworrying me.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句六大区别及练习区别一形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿区别二功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整如People whotake physicalexercise livelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些（若把从句去掉句子就失去意义）Hisdaughter,who isin Bostonnow,is cominghome next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来（若把从句去句子意义仍然完整）区别三翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开如He isthe manwhose carwas stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人r veinvited Jim,who livesin thenext flat.我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁区别四含义不同比较下面的两个句子I havea sisterwho isa doctor.我有一个医生的姐姐（姐姐不止一个）I havea sister,who isa doctor.我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的（只有一个姐姐）区别五先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句如Peter drovetoo fast,which wasdangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的（which指drive toofast）He changedhis mind,which mademe veryangry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气（which指整个主句）Mr.Smith,who isour boss,will leavefor Japannext week.我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本（先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰）Her father,who hasa lotof money,wishes herto studyabroad.她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习（先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰）区别六关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略（参见本章有关内容），而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略【巩固练习】
1.The placeinterested memost wasthe ChildrensPalace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which
2.Do youknow themanA.whom I spoke B.to whospoke C.Ispoketo D.thatIspoke
3.This isthe hotellast month.A.which they stayed B.at thattheystayedC.where theystayed atD.where theystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear theChinese CommunistParty wasfoundedA.which B.that C.when D.on which
5.That isthedayIll neverforget.A.whichB.on whichC.in whichD.when
6.The factorywell visitnextweekis notfar fromhere.A.where B.to whichC.whichD.in which
7.Great changeshave takenplace sincethen in the factorywe areworking.A.where B.that C.whichD.there
8.Thisisone ofthe bestfilms.A.that havebeen shownthis yearB.that haveshown C.that hasbeen shownthis yearD.that you talked
9.Can youlend methe bookthe otherdayA.about which you talkedB.whichyoutalked C.about that youtalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.The penheis writingis mine.A.with whichB.in whichC.onwhichD.by which
11.They arrivedat afarmhouse,in frontof sata smallboy.A.whom B.who C.whichD.that
12.The engineermyfatherworks isabout50years old.A.to whomB.on whom C.with whichD.with whom
13.lt thereanyone inyour classfamily isinthecountryA.who B.whos C.whichD.whose
14.1m interestedinyouhave said.A.all that B.all whatC.that D.which
15.1wanttouse thesame dictionarywas usedyesterday.A.whichB.who C.what D.as
16.He isntsuch aman heusedtobe.A.who B.whomC.thatD.as
17.He isgood atEnglish,we allknow.A.thatB.as C.whom D.what
18.Li Ming,totheconcert enjoyedit verymuch.A.I wentwith B.with whomI wentC.with whoI wentD.I wentwith him
1.dont likeas youread.A.the novelsB.the such novels C.suchnovelsD.same novels
20.He talkeda lotabout thingsand personsthey rememberedintheschool.A.Which B.thatC.whom D.what
21.The letteris frommy sister,is workingin Beijing.A.whichB.thatC.whom D.who。
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