2025年专升本英语核心考点速记攻略

英语语法整顿

1、词类•动词词组几乎每年必考•形容词和副词比较级和最高级•It作形式主语及形式宾语常考，it自身无意义

2、动词的时态和语态•学会抓时间状语•重点关注进行时、完毕时和完毕进行时，客观真理要用一般目前时•固定句式如Hardly…when…等•积极表被动

3、非谓语动词•牢记哪些动词后的宾语只能是不定式to do、动名词doing,哪些两者兼可•作定语、状语、补语•注意目前分词与过去分词的区别，即积极与被动这个最重要的区别

4、虚拟语气•记住与目前，过去，未来相反的三种状况最常考与过去相反的状况•wish,as if后接三种状况常考•常考suggest,demand,require,order等表达提议、规定、命令的词背面加从句时，从句里谓语要用should+动词原形，假如是被动则用should+be+动词过去分词

5、情态动词•must be表对目前事情的肯定推测•can tbe表对目前事实的否认推测•must have+v-ed表达对过去事实的肯定推测•can thave+v-ed表达对过去事情的否认推测•should have+v-ed则表达过去应当做某事而没有做

6、定语从句和名词性从句•定语从句必考注意点关系代词和关系副词的区别，as和which的区别，限制性和非限制性定语•从句的区别定语从句和同位语从句的区别注意名词性从句引导词的选择和语序

7、状语从句•重点关注in case,unless等连词引导的条件状语从句注意while,when,until,not…until,before,since弓|导的时间状语从句•同步关注目的和成果状语从句

8、特殊句式The managersdiscussed theplan that they wouldlike to see thenextyear.A.carry outB.carrying out•C.carried outD.to carry out选C该题考察过去分词作补语的使用方法The plan与carryout的关系是被动关系see sth.done这构造常见的尚有watch notice,observe,have和make sth.done.分词作宾语补足语，一般在感官动词和使役动词之后，要看分词与宾语的关系若为积极关系，则用目前分词；若为被动关系，则用过去分词e.g.make sb.heard/understood使他人能听见/理解自己练习The patientwas warnedoily foodafter theoperation.A.to eatnot B.eating notC.not toeat D.not eat选C该题考察不定式的否认式作主补要注意warn后跟词方式，

①warnsb.not to do sth.

②warn sb.against doing sth.该题应当用

①构造，且not应放在to之前•练习The OlympicGames,in776B.C.did notinclude womenplayers until

1912.•A.first playedB.to befirst playedC.first playingD.to befirst playing•选A注:first playedin776B・C•二which wasfirst playedin776B.C.•练习•I foundmy car.我发现我的车不见了missing•r11have mywatch.我想把我的手表修一下repairedHe hadhis legin thebasketball matchyesterday.他的腿在昨天的篮球比赛中受了伤Injured修改句子一分词作状语Walking throughthe park,the flowerslooked verybeautiful,wrong Walkingthroughthe park,we sawa lot of flowers.•Standing on the tower,the whole village couldbe seen,wrong Standingon the tower,we couldsee thewholevillage.独立主格构造•1独立主格构造的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一样，它独立存在2名词或代词与背面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词等是主谓关系3独立主格构造一般有逗号与主句分开e.g.Weather permitting,we aregoing tovisit youtomorrow.假如天气容许，我们明天去看你=If weatherpermits,we11go outfor a walk.All flightsbecause of the snowstorm,many passengerscould donothing butstayattheairport.DA.had beencancelled B.were cancelledC.having beencancelled D.have beencancelledWith的复合构造作独立主格•with+名词代词+目前分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语表伴随经典例题The murdererwas broughtin,with hishands behindhis backoA.being tiedB.having tiedC.to betied D.tied答案D.with+名词代词+分词+介词短语构造当分词表达伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D定语从句只用that的状况•先行词为不定代词everything,little,much,all,anything,nothingo•e.g.Finally,the thiefhanded everythingthat hehad stolen.•先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用thato•e.g.This is the bestbook that I veever read•先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰时，用that•e.g.He isthe onlyperson thatI wantto seenow.•“介词+关系代词”的使用方法•可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等e.g.

1.In thedark street,there wasn,t asingle personshe couldturn forhelp.•A.that B.who C.from whomD.to whom

2.He paidthe boy$10for washingthe windows,most ofhadn tbeen cleanedforat leasta year.•A.these B.those C.that D.whichas/which引导非限定性定语从句1位置不一样as具有正如之意，引导的非限制性定语从句位置随你意，可在句前、句中、句后；which引导的非限制性定语从句不能用于句首As wehad expected,the meetingwas canceled.The meeting,as wehad expected,was canceled.The meetingwas canceledas wehad expected.2如从句中行为动词是积极语态，一般要用which作主语•Tom hasmade greatprogress,which madeus happy.•3与such或Lhe same连用时,一般用as.•Such booksas youtell me are interesting.as anybodycan see正如人人都能看到的那样as wehad expected正如我们所预料的那样as is known toall众所周知as isoften thecase正如常常发生的那样as ismentioned above正如上面提到的as has been saidbefore如上所述•定语从句中若先行词是one of+名词复数，定从谓语用复数；若先行词是the onlyone of+名词复数，定从谓语用单数Tom isone of the studentswho werepraised by the teacheryesterday.Tom isthe onlyone of the studentswho waspraised bythe teacheryesterday.*Is thisfactory we visited last week DA.where B.that C.which D.the one*This factoryis_wevisitedlast week.A.where B.that C.which D.the one口诀先行词没有，the one/ones加前头Is thisproblem theone youhave thoughtof forten years主语从句•★主语从句一律用陈说句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.★whether可以引导主语从句，但if不能.★whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主语从句，但no matterwho,nomatter what不能.•e.g.

1.That he is a famous singerisknown to us.•It isknowntous thatheisafamoussinger.•e.g.

2.When he will go to Americais not yet fixed.•It is notyetfixed when hewillgo toAmerica.表语从句•不要使用The reason…is becausethat…句型，应使用The reason---is that…或This/it/that is because…等句型.•例如今天早上他迟到的原因是由于路上行人太多.误The reasonwhy hewas late this morningisbecausethat therewas a lotof traffic on the road.•正The reasonwhy hewas latethis morningis that there wasa lotoftrafficon theroad.•或:He waslatethismorning.That wasbecause therewas alotof trafficon theroad.只能用whether•whether与if均为“与否”，但下列状况下只用whether•

1.whether引导主语从句并在句首Whether hewill comeisnotclear.•

2.whether引导表语从句•The questionis whetherhe11come.•

3.whether从句作介词宾语•Im notsure aboutwhether we11win.•

①It isno use/no good/useless+doing sth.•哭没有用•It isno usecrying.•

②It isfun agreat pleasure,a wasteof time+doingsth.•设法解释是挥霍时间It isa wasteof timetrying toexplain.anything/nothing/all but•anything but二never,“nothing but=only,“all but=almost,nearIyo•He isanything buta scientist.他绝不是科学家•I amnothing buta student.我只不过是个学生•He isall buta fool.他儿乎是个傻瓜asuperior to、“inferior to、usenior to”和ajunior to”•superior to”优于，高于；•ainferior to”次于；•usenior to”年长于，地位高于；•junior to”年幼于，地位低于，迟于介词to+doing•admit to•confess to•be accustomedto•be used to•stick todevoteoneself tobedevoted to•look forwardto•pay attentionto多种形容词修饰名词其语序为限定词一数词一描绘词一（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）一出处一材料性质，类别一名词县（限定词The,A）+数（数词）+官’（外观和感官形容词，pretty,small）+行（形状,round）+令（年龄，时间）+舍“色”（颜色）+国（国籍，来源）+财（材料）+purpose（目的，用途）+名词e.g.a smallround table•a dirtyold brownshirta famousGerman medicalschool•a heavyblack Chinesesteel umbrella练习One daythey crossedthe bridgebehind thepalace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.oldstoneChinese D.Chinesestoneold答案A.几种形容词修饰一种名词，他们的排列次序是年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词•倒装句必考，重点关注部分倒装句，as在倒装构造中的使用方法及意义等，都是考生应当重视的地方•强调句必考•反意疑问句不能忽视，鉴定措施前肯定后否认or前否认后肯定，疑问部分主语应与从句主语一致e.g.I believeshe knowsit,doesn tshe•Let s,shall weLet us,will you

9、主谓一致题往往出题者都是考谓语动词选单数这种状况•就近原则题注意•关注主语中具有某些连词如as well as,besides,in additionto等时，谓语动词的数同第一种主语保持一致就近一致•1由here,there,where等引导的倒装句中，有时主语不止一种时谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致Here thetrain.comesThere a pen andfive booksonthetable.Is•There fivebooks and a penonthetable.are•Where yourwife andchildren tostay whileyou areon businessIs⑵用连r,either…or,neither***,nor,not only*..but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致•Tom oryou takenmy pen.have•Not onlyyou but also hewrong.is语法一致1若主语背面跟由with,along with,together with,like,but,except,besides,as wellas,more than,no lessthan,rather than,including,inaddition to等连接的另一种名词，其谓语一般要与前面的一种主语保持一致例如

1.He bentdown pick the pen lying onthe floor,to pick

2.He bentdown andpickthepenlyingontheground,picked

3.The teacherdid whatshe couldme withmy lessons.DA.help B.helps C.helped D.to help

4.The doctordid everythinghe couldsave thepatient.to save

5.Every minuteis madefull useof studyour lessons.to study动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的具有时态和语态的变化,但是它的时态和语态只有以下TWE,加札见下表主动语态被动语态语态时态一般时______to maketobemadeHB to have madeto have been made完成时E tobe making进行时完成进行时to havebeenmaking4When Igot home,my sonhappened tobe watchingTV.假如不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完毕式She issaid to have readthirty novelsthis year,r msorrytohavekept youwaitingso long.After graduation,he askedtobesent towork inthe countryside.This novelissaid tohavebeentranslated intoFrench.动名词动名词基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doing beingdone完成式having donehaving beendone动名词性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，详细体现为

1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰I hopeyou dont mindmy sayingit.

2.可作动词宾语

①S.+vt.+doingHave youfinished readingthe bookIsuggest doingit ina differentway.后只接动名词做宾语的某些常用特殊动词特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清，防止错过（少）延期avoid/miss/delay/postpone提议完毕（多）练习suggest/advise/finish/practise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can t help承认否认（与）嫉妒admit/deny/envy逃脱冒险（莫）原谅escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持（不）在意stand/keep/keep on/mind掌握它们今必行

1.不定式与动名词无区别start begincontinue+to doing［注意］下列状况中begin和start后须接不定式主语是物不是人Spring cameon,and thesnow beganto melt.begin和start用于进行时态It sbeginning tosnow.后接表达心理活动或状态的动词，如understand,realize,knowI beganto realizehow stupidI was.后接不定式被动式The newtype ofcomputer begantobedeveloped inthe1980s.

2.不定式与动名词区别细微love hatelike prefer+to doing后接动名词表达常常性的动作，多指一种人的爱好、习惯等，后接不定式表的某一次动作I like____swiming_swim insummer.I didnt like_to swim_swim thatday.

3.不定式与动名词区别很大:remember forgetregret trymean stopgo oncan,t helpa.I remembervisiting his parents when I wentto the town.I11remember tovisithisparentswhenIgotothetown.b.He sforgotten switchingoff thelight.He forgotto switchoff thelight whenhe left.c.I regretaying thosewords.I regretto saythatIcan tcome tonight.d.He triedteaching the children ina newway.He triedto teachthechildrenas muchas hecould.

1.Boys,don，t forgetthe windowsbefore you leave theclassroom.DA.closing B.closed C.to closingD.to close

2.She reachedthe topofthehill andstopped ona bigrock.CA.tohaverested B.resting C.to restD.rest

3.Remember thelights whenyouleavethe office.AA.to turn off B.turning offC.turnoffD.to turningoff

1.The teacheris coming,let sstop talk.talking

2.He forgotever writeto me,so hewrote anotherone.writing

3.I rememberbringthe bookto youlastweek.bringing

4.I regrettell thatwe cant takeyour advice.to tell

5.Revolution meansliberate theproductive forces,liberating

6.Go ondo theother exerciseafter youhave finishedthis one.todo分词的否认式一及物与不及物动词及物动词不及物动词主动语态被动语态主动语态语态时态类别现在分词一般式doing beingdone going完成式having donehaving beendonehaving gone过去分词一般式1done gone1not+分词•Not havingreceived hisletter,he decidedto callhim.•Not knowinghis address,she cannotget intouch withhim.目前分词表积极进行，过去分词表被动完毕•

1.Seeing/seen fromthe topofthetower,we cansee abeautifulfactory.•

2.Seeing/seen fromthe topofthetower,the factorylooksbeautiful.•

3.Hearing/heard thebad news,they couldn,thelpcrying.•

4.Giving/Given moretime,we coulddo itbetter.•

5.I stoodbythedoor,not daringto saya word.非谓语动词作定语•

①过去分词作定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表达的动作已完毕相称于一种被动语态的定语从句•

②目前分词作定语表达动作正在发生,与修饰词是主谓关系•

③不定式作定语表达将要发生的动作分词作插入语•其构造是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语generally speaking一般说来talking ofspeaking of说至Jstrictly speaking严格的说judging from从・・•判断all thingsconsidered从整体来看taking allthings intoconsideration全面看来Generally speaking,dogscan runfaster thanpigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快speaking并不是dogs的动作•练习•European footballis playedin80countries,it themost popularsport intheworld.•A.making B.makes C.made D.to make选A,目前分词短语作成果状语，此类分词短语常放在句子的背面，ing表达顺其自然，不定式表达忽然，出乎意料e.g.His parentsdied,leavinghim anorphan.He rushedtothepost officeonly tofindit wasclosed•练习。