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篇章阅读理解专题扫雷训练Part IVReading ComprehensionReading inDepthSection BDirection:There are2passages inthis section,each passageis followedby somequestion orunfinishedstatements.For eachof themthere arefour choicesmarked A,B,C,D.You shoulddecide on the bestchoiceand markthe correspondingletter onAnswer sheet2with asingle linethrough thecentre.Passage1Questions57to61are basedon thefollowing passage.While stillin itsearly stages,welfare reform has alreadybeen judgeda greatsuccess inmanystates一at leastin getting people off welfare.Ifs estimatedthat more than2million peoplehave lefttherolls since
1994.In the past fouryears,welfare rollsin Athens Country have been cutin half.But70percent of thepeople wholeft in thepasttwo years took jobsthat paidless than$6an hour.The result:The AthensCountrypoverty ratestill remainsat more than30percent-twice the national average.For advocates代言人for the poor,thats an indication much more needs to be done.“More people are gettingjobs,but itsnot makingtheir livesany better,“says KathyLairn,apolicy analystat theCenter onBudget andPolicy Prioritiesin Washington.A centeranalysis of US Censusdata nationwidefound thatbetween1995and1996,a greaterpercentageof single,female-headed householdswere earningmoney on their own,but thataverageincome for these householdsactually wentdown.But for many,the factthat poorpeople areable tosupport themselvesalmost as well withoutgovernmentaid asthey didwith it is in itself ahuge victory.Welfare was a poison.It wasa toxin毒素that waspoisoning thefamily/9says RobertRector,awelfare-reform policyanalyst.The reformis changing the moralclimates inlow-income communities.Its beginningto rebuildthe work ethic道德观,which ismuch moreimportant.Mr.Rector and others argued that once“the habit of dependencyis cracked/9then thecountry canmakeother policychanges aimedat improvingliving standards.
57.From the passage,it can be seenthat theauthor.A.believes thereformhasreduced thegovernments burdenB.insists thatwelfare reformis doinglittle good forthe poorC.is overenthusiasticabout thesuccess ofwelfare reformD.considers welfare reform to be fundamentallysuccessful
58.Why arentpeople enjoyingbetter liveswhen they have jobsA.Because manyfamilies aredivorced.B.Because governmentaid is now rare.C.Because theirwages arelow.D.Because thecost ofliving isrising.
59.What isworth notingfrom theexample ofAthens Countyis that.A greaterefforts should be madeto improvepeoples livingstandardsB70percent of the peoplethere have been employedfor twoyearsC people are strugglingto getmore landfrom thespaceD people are becoming more activeon thespace issue
64.How do we findour wayout of the landuseproblems AOne waymight be to reexamineour values,to thinkin newdirections.B Everyonehas to have a car withits need for highwaysand parkinglots.C Wehave to have more energy.We needstrip mine coal to provide it.D Wemay developmass transit systems whichuse less land.
65.Everyone wantsthe big,land-eating ugliesto bein someoneelse sbackyard9shows that•A people don t want morebig projectsBpeopledon twant to livein theneighborhood of the bigprojectsC peopleregard thelarge constructionprojects are“uglies”D peopledon tlike theundesirable buildingprojects
66.The mainidea ofthis articleis.A TheLimits ofLand BLandC Landand OurLife StylesD Landand SpacePassage9Questions57to61are basedon the following passage.Nearly54million carsand trucksin the United Statesare equipped with driverside air bagslocated in the centerof the steering wheel.24million alsohave apassenger-side devicelocated in thedashboard.Air bags are designedto protectagainst sudden,fierce frontalhighway impacts.Five yearsago evidenceof seriousair-bag injuriesbegan tosurface.Drivers inminor fenderbenderssuffered severeeye andear injuries,broken bonesand third-degree burnsfrom the force of theinflating bags.In December1991the NationalHighway TrafficSafety AdministrationNHTSA advisedparentsto avoidputting rear-facing infantsets infront of air bags,acknowledging that theforceof theexplosivebag couldharm infants,whose headswere onlyinches away from thedevices.Last Octoberit wasdetermined thatall children12and underwere moresusceptible toinjury anddeaththan adults;their morefragile bodieswere seatedlower,increasing theimpact of the air bag to thehead area.In addition,more childrenwere notproperly restrainedor wereout ofposition whenthe airbaginflated.On November22,1996,after nearly60deaths andthousands ofinjuries wereattributed tothedevices,the NHTSAmandated improvedlabels for all newvehicles,warning of the riskto childrenunder
13.Despite theseproblems,officials stressthe overalleffectiveness of these devices.All in all,airbags workwell andare responsiblefbr an11percent reductionin driverfatalities/5says NHTSAAdministratorDr.Ricardo Martinez.“First andforemost,make sureyoure properlybuckled upbeforegetting on the road,“says BrainONeill,president of the InsuranceInstitute forHighway Safety.Keep inmindhow closeyou sitto anairbag.Push seatsas farback aspossible,remaining justclose enough tocontrol thepedals.Your face and torsoshouldbeat leastten to12inches from the steeringcolumn.“Itsnot abad ideaactually tomeasure the distance with a rulerto besure.adds ONeill.Adjustable steering wheels shouldbe pointed toward the chest rather than thehead topreventinflating bagfrom damagingthe faceor neck.Also,position handsat nineoclock andthreeoclock on the wheelto keep your arms away from an opening airbag.Pregnant womeninparticular shouldkeep theirabdomen asdistant from the airbag aspossible.In thefinal trimester,women shouldpoint adjustablesteering wheelsupward,awayfrom their fetus.Perhaps mostimportant,children12and undershould alwaysride in the backseat,buckled up.
57.From the passage,we learnedthat.A there are24million carsand trucksin the United StatesB there are78million carsand trucksin the United StatesCthere are24million carsand trucksequipped withair-bags in theUnitedStatesD thereare78million carsand trucksequippedwithair-bags in theUnitedStates
58.The air bags are.A safety devices whichcan protectpeople frombeing hurtduring highwayaccidentsB unsafedevices whichhurt manypeopleC safety devices whichsaved11%American driversDsafetydevicesbut needto beimproved
59.The air-bag islocated in the centerof thesteeringwheel,so youshould.A keepin mindhow closeyou sitto anair bagBpush thefront seatas farback aspossible,remaining justclose enoughto controlthe pedalCkeep yourfaceandtorso at least10to12inches from thesteeringcolumnD allof theabove
60.Adjustable steeringwheels should.A bepointedtowardthechestratherthanthe headBbe drivenat9o clockCbe drivenat3o clockDkeepyourarmsawayfrom anopeningairbag
61.The airbag is a goodsafetydevice,but children12and undershould alwaysride in the backseatbuckled upmeans.A airbagsareno goodfor childrenBairbagsare onlygoodforthe parentswho havemorethan12childrenC thebest positionfor childrento rideacaris in the backseat andbe buckledupD thefront seatis unsafefor youngpeoplePassage10Questions62to66are basedon the following passage.Solar energyfor yourhome iscoming.It can help youasasingle homeowner.It canhelp thewholecountry aswell.Whether ornot solarenergy cansave yourmoney dependson manythings.Whereyou liveis onefactor.The type of homeyou haveis another.Things likeinsulation presentenergy coasts,and thetypeofsystem youbuy arcadded factors.Using solarenergy canhelp saveour precious fuel.As youknow,our suppliesof oil and gasarevery limited.There isjust notenough onhand tomeet allour futureenergy needs.And whenMotherNature saysthats all.The onlyway we can delayhearing thosewords isby startingto saveenergy nowandby usingother sources,like thesun.We wonthave toworry about the sunsrunning out of energyfor anotherseveral billionyears orso.Besides begin an endless source of energy,the useof thesun hasother advantagesaswell.The sundoesnt offeras manyproblems asother energysources.For example,fossil fuelplantsadd to already highpollution levels.With solarenergy,we willstill needsources ofenergy,butwe wontneed asmuch.That meanswecancut downon ourpollution problems.With allthesegood points,why dontwe usemore solarpower Thereare manyreasons forthis.The biggestreasonis money.Until now,it wasjust notpractical for a homeowner toput in a solarunit.Therewere cheapersources ofenergy.All that is changingnow.Solar coatsare startingto equalthecosts of oil andelectricity.Experts say that gas,oilandelectricity priceswill continueto rise.The demandfor electricityis increasingrapidly.But newpower plantswill usemore gas,oil orcoal.Already insome placesthe supply of electricityis beingrationed.Solar energyis nowin itsinfancy.It couldsoon growto becomea majorpart of our nations energy supply.
62.Which statementbest expresses the mainideaA Somethingabout SolarEnergy andPollution.B SolarEnergy.C Energy and PollutionD EnergyandMoney.
63.Solar energycanhelpus save.A the earth andnatural resourcesBmother natureCthesunD ourpreciousfuel
64.The sunis anendlesssourceofenergy,it willnot runout ofit for.A severalmillion yearsB severalhundred yearsCseveral billionyears Dseveral thousandyears
65.Which of the followingstatements iscorrectA Energyfrom coalwould not pollute our living environment.B Energyfrom naturalgas would not pollute our living environment.C Energyfrom thesun wouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.DEnergyfrom oilwouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.
66.Solar energyisnowinitsinfancy,.A butit willbe consideredas an important partof ournationsenergysupplyB yetwe willbuild morepower plantsCand thesupplyofelectricity willbe rationedDbut wedontneed practiceenergy rationingnow【篇章阅读理解专题扫雷训练】答案与解析Passage1这是一篇有关福利制度改革的论说文短文论述了福利制度改革成功的标志是让尽量多的人不依托政府福利生活短文于第一分两个层次论述二至五段是一种烘托性论述，通过
二、
四、五段中三个“but”，论述了福利制度改革中许多人虽然离开了福利资助，但生活和收入水平反而有所下降现实;第二层次六至八段通过But转入正面论述改革的成功和意义，即改革让人打破依赖的习惯，重建了工作道德观
57.D主题归纳由短文第一第六段论述，能清晰归纳出作者的论点
58.C要点定位理解由题干问句定位至短文第一层次，第
二、
四、五段都提及not enjoybetter lives这一成果，但只有第二段第二句中的took jobsthat paidless than$6an hour回答了原因
59.A要点定位理解由题干之Athens County定位至短文第
二、三段选项B是AthensCountry事例的内容，A是该事例引出段中的“that sanindicationmuchmoreneeds to bedone”o
60.B主题归纳由短文第二层次三个段落的论述
①穷人自食其力自身是一大胜利;
②改革变化低收和主阶层的并开始重建workethic;
③打破依赖习惯可知，福利改革的主线目的是协助穷人自食其力，改掉依赖习惯，重建工作道德
61.D要点推断由福利改革的成功gettingpeopleoffwelfare＞改革的成果more peopletake jobs和改革的目的rebuild workethic,crack thehabitofdependency,推测改革前的状况，可知是更多的人不工作，被动依赖政府福利资助Passage2【短文大意】本文重要通过函授教育和远程教育的比较，来阐明远程教育的长处
62.A推断题问题问及选项中哪个不是业余教育的缺陷根据文章第一段中nearly allrequire some breakin ones career in order to attend school full time可以看出，参与全日制学习需要中断自己的事业，在第二段中作者又说Part time education,that is,attending schoolat nightor for one weekenda month,tendsto dragthe processout overtime andputs thecompletion of a degree program outof reachof manypeople.业余教育，只需要晚上和周末学习，因此需要中断自己的事业不是部分时间教育的缺陷而其他选项都是文章提及的part timeeducation的不利条件
63.D细节题文章提到的优缺陷是几种教育方式之间的比较，问题问及哪个选项的内容不是远程教育的长处前三个选项，AJ学生可以选择自己的进度”，B.”学生可以在他或她以便的时候学习”，C.”在学习的同步还可以追求自己的事业”都是文章中提及的与另两种方式比较的长处在文章第二段最终，作者指出Tutorial assistancemay be available via regular airmail,telephone,facsimile machine,teleconferencing andover theInternet.辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传以及因特网等方式进行，作者只是提出了一种也许，实际上是弥补distance education的局限性的一种提议，并不是远程教育函授的长处因此选项D符合题o
64.D细节题选项A、B、C在文章中都没有提及，根据文章最终一段，a good distance learning programhas a place not only forthe individualstudent butalso thecorporation orbusiness一种良好的远程教育计划不仅对个人有好处，并且对那些企业或者商业机构来说也是意义重大选项D说的也正是这个意思，故为对的选项
65.C细节题意为专家和学生之间的关系是严格地”一对一的「而这不符合作者意图，参见原文末段，individuality并不是意指严格地“一对一”
66.A细节题注意本题与上题的区别，上一题问及远程教育对企业的好处，本题则是远程教育对职工，也就是个人的好处同样根据文章最终一段，a gooddistance learning program hasa placenot onlyfor theindividualstudent butalso thecorporation orbusiness thatwants to work inpartnership with theiremployees forthe educationalbenefit,professional development,and businessgrowth of theorganization.远程教育可以协助雇员提高教育素质和职业技能从而促使事业的发展，对的选项为APassage2参照译文目前，那些想继续接受教育的人，都面临着许多选择然而，儿乎所有的人都会中断事业去参与学校的全日制课程函授教育是晚间或一种月的每个周这种教育倾向于把时间拖得很长，并且诸多人难于完毕这种学位并且，这种课程有固定的时间，这也对参与者的工作和生活带来一定的负面影响在有关教学的众多措施中，远程教育或许是最以便，最具灵活性的了远程教育容许学生根据自己的进度灵活变通地进行学习，直抵到达教学规定的目的这种教育措施在现代世界中是十分必要的，课程规定的学习时间可以根据个人生活中的其他需要而临时搁置或另作安排此外，学生在工作的同步就可以在世界上的任何地方学习远程教育的课程教师的辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传以及因特网等方式进行良好的远程教育计划以每一科目都具有课程评估措施为特性这样就省去了学生必须从家跑到学校参与考试的麻烦另一种特性是远程教育课程所采用的学习资料与在校生的学习资料是同样的无论参与的是远程教育还是学校教育，学生所获得的文凭与学位都是一种特性是，专家与学生的关系是一对一的从最终的分析中可以看到，一种良好的远程教育计划不仅对学生个人有好处，并且对企业或商业机构来说也是意义重大，它可以协助雇员提高教育素质，职业技能从而增进事业发展因此，支持雇员参与远程教育课程会使企业具有一种优势，那就是拥有一批有职业头脑并为个人和职业发展不停进步的员工Passage3【短文大意】本文重要讲述计算机犯罪很难被发现，虽然一旦被发现，也不会像其他犯罪同样，被流放或进监狱，反而常常是得到原雇主的表扬和推荐，从而找到此外一份好工作
57.B推断题首先根据第二段可知，A是错误的，由于计算机犯罪不是不能发现的C”用计算机犯罪的罪犯可以逃脱惩罚，由于他们不会被发现“，D”运用计算机犯罪的人是应他们企业的规定这样做的”都是错误的，文中没有提到只有B,”计算机犯罪是金融机构里最严重的问题”是在文中第一段中暗示了的因此选B
58.A推断题文章的第三段指出，”究竟有多少计算机犯罪，我们没有确切的记录数字，令人不安的是诸多计算机犯罪是偶尔中被发现的，而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防备措施而发现的”这阐明A是对的的没有被发现的计算机犯罪比被发现的计算机犯罪要多得多
59.D细节题A是”应当建立一套严格的反计算机犯罪的法律“，B”企业应当对绝密的材料进行严格的控制“，C”企业为了维护其声誉，应当对计算机犯罪严加防备”，文中都没有提到只有D在文中最终两段中有所表述企业出于对自己声誉的考虑，往往对计算机犯罪模糊其辞，遮遮掩掩
60.C细节题雇主对计算机犯罪者的宽容也许有多种原因A、B、C、D所说的情形，在现实中都可以出现，但文中提到的只有C项，参见末段
61.C细节题答案在文中的倒数第二段中计算机犯罪分子和其他犯罪分子不一样的是，他们不仅不会流亡国外，或者自杀或者进监狱，并且还往往得到原雇主的表扬和推荐，从而找到此外一份好工作Passage3参照译文企业、政府以及金融机构的运作越来越多地被存在于计算内存中的信息所控制只要够聪颖，任何人为了个人目的而修改了这些信息都可以获得丰厚的奖励，更糟的是，许多从事此类活动并被抓住的人却已大摇大摆的逃脱了惩罚假如人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计难被发现的，不过虽然犯罪被发现，犯罪者也也许逃脱惩罚甚至会受到此前雇主的高度表扬和推荐当然，我们没有未被发现的罪犯的记录数字不过，当我们谈到我们所理解的仅仅是被偶尔发现而不是系统监测或其他安全程序发现的罪犯有多少时、我们还是会感到很不安，那些被抓住的计算机罪犯只是意外霉运的牺牲者罢了例如，某个打孔操作员埋怨不得不加班为额外的卡片打孔调查表明，那些额外的卡片是用作非法交易的另一种情形，实行计算机满的雇工警告雇主他们的企业将被抢劫不一样于其他（那些必须离开国家，自杀或进监狱的）违法者，计算机罪犯有时可以逃脱惩罚，不仅规定不被控诉并且还索好处，而他们的规定一般都会得到满足为何会这样呢？由于企业行政人员胆怯公众发现他们的计算机被误用从而对两企业导致很坏的公众影响他们想到，计算机犯罪者也许会在法庭鼓吹他们是怎样在企业行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改企业机密记录的鉴于这种想法，他们（企业高层）踌躇了因此，另一种计算机罪犯带着他需要的推荐信离开了，继续他的罪恶职业Passage3Vocabulary
1.reap n.收获
2.get away逃脱
3.glowing adj.热情洋溢的“recommendation n.推荐信
4.statistics n.记录数字
6.disturbing adj.令人忧虑的
7.keypunch v.打孑L
8.tip off泄露
9.transaction n.交易
10.juggle v.玩戏法，篡改
11.confidential adj.绝密的
12.depart v.离开Passage4这是一篇有关竞技比赛与体育道德的议论文文章对体育竞赛中的种种问题提出了作者的见解文中指出，体育竞争的对手不是敌人要改上的不良状况，必须变化运动场上选手之间的敌对状态，将对手视为伙伴
62.B推论题人们使用的词汇能影响他们的行为哪一种说法最能体现作者的观点呢参见原文第2段words havingcertain connotationsmay causeus toreact inways quitewe considerto beour usualhumanistic behavioro（某些具有特殊含义的词也许会使我们做出与人文精神相异的行为，虽然人文精神一般贯彻于我们平常行为中）其他选项A,体育运动中的积极的行为也许会有严重的后果;C,体育运动中的不快乐的词语常常被外国的运动员使用;D,裁判员的不公正裁判将会导致在体育场上的暴力
63.D细节题（运动员说粗话的原因是他们）把自己的对手当作敌人看待参见原文第3段第2句Thus,when aplayer meetsan opponent,he orshe maytend totreat thatopponent asan enemyo其他选项A,太渴望获得胜利;B,一般脾气火爆，轻易被冒犯;C,不能在剧烈竞争中礼貌待人
64.D细节题他将手套在湿运动衫上擦湿参见原文第3段首球运动员祈求暂停（a time out）换手套，裁判员认为手套不太湿，不一样意暂停于是运动员于裁判斗气，故意将手套在那个擦一通，将手套弄湿参见本段最终一句The playerproceeded torub his gloves acrosshis wetT-shirt and then exclaimed.Are theywet enough now”其他选项的意思是A,他拒绝继续比赛;B,他愤怒地用球击裁判员;C,他声称裁判不公正
65.A细节题将球砸向任何故意犯规阻挡他们的人参见原文第4段第2句I have also witnesseda playerreactingto hisopponent sinternational and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball ashard as he could during the course of play其他选项B,在整个比赛中继续尖声喊叫和呼喊;C,躺在地上以表达抗议;D,用力将球踢出球场
66.C主旨题变化运动场上选手的（敌对）态度文章第5段谈判，要改上的不良状况，必须变化运动场上选手的敌对态度，将对手视为伙伴（Replacing the term opponent”with“associate could be an idealway tostart.）其他选项A,呼吁运动员在球场上使用文明语言;B,提高裁判员的责任感;D,调整运动员和裁判员之间的关系Passage5这是一篇有关巴西人口增长率下降原因分析的阐明文短文开门见山提出主题巴西人口增长率下降重要是意外的原因（by accident）;第二段列举人口增长率下降的数据;而后用三段篇幅剖析两大特殊原因通俗电视持续剧和分斯付款计划，第三段第三句至第四段剖析持续剧导致人口增长率下降的机理，第五段讲分期付款带来的消费模式的变化及其与人口繁殖的关系
67.D主题句理解短文第一句中more by accident than design相称于more by chance thanon purpose.
68.C要点定位推断短文中两处提到Third World countries:
①第一段第二句ucountries such as India；
②第二段最终一句an achievementthat makesit theenvy of many otherThird World countries两句都暗示这些国家做得不如巴西成功
69.A词语理解由上下文确定put it down t中的it指上文巴西成功减少人口增长率的事实，句中t后接的是导致这一（电视剧和分期付款计划），前后显然是一种因果关系
70.B要点定位归纳本题指向第
三、四两段有关电视持续剧影响人口出生率的要点电视剧中把上层阶级行为模式和价值观包装得十分诱人，传递到巴西的各个地方，影响着各个阶层的生活方式少生孩子就是这毕生活方式的一大特点
71.B要点结论归纳conclusion必然在短文最终一段，由consumption was incompatiblewith unlimitedreproduction即可归纳结论BoPassage6这是一篇报道性的文章文中就美国阿拉斯加州北极地区国家野生动植物保护区（ANWR）地下资源与否开发，以保证美国未来能源的需要，列出了正反两方面的意见布什总统主张开放这一地区的地下资源，是有业内也积极响应;但环境保护主义者却提出反对意见，认为此举杯水车薪（a dropin thebucket）,无济于事
72.C细节题（布什总统认为）这将有助于减少国家的石油进口根据第1段第3句He hasargued thattapping ANWRs oilwould helpease Californiaselectricity crisis and providea majorboost to thecountrys energy independence可作出判断boost tothe countrysenergyind叩endence（推进国家的能源自主）即“有助于减少国家的石油进口”，因此对的答案为Co其他选项选项A,浙江耗尽国家的资源；B,这将保证ANWR的未来；D,这将增长美国的能源消耗
73.A简朴推论题（美国石油业）相信在ANWR钻探将会有高产石油第1段末尾根据1998年的勘测，ANWR石油的产量为3billion to16billion桶，第2段谈到，The oil industry goeswith the high endofthe range（美国石油业倾向于这个范围的高端），也就是说ANWR地区有高产石油其他选项B,倾向于夸张美国对外国的石油的依赖;C,对在ANWR开采石油没显出什么爱好;D,期待停止从沙特阿拉伯进口石油
74.B细节题（反对者认为）这种做法对处理美国能源问题没多大作用参见文中第3段there may beno morethan
75.C推论题不要太乐观原文的Not sofast也即是“ANWR的开采没那么快”，背面谈到消费者至少要等待才能获利consumers would wait up toa decade to gain any benefits,因此对的答案是C
76.A推论题ANWR的开采仍然是一种有争议的问题文章从正反两方面提出了开发ANWR地区石油的利弊，但没有一种定论，因此对的答案是Ao其他选项B,可望很快进行开发;C,包括许多技术方面的问题;D,将使美国可以在石油上独立自主Passage7【短文大意】现代电子科学的奇迹一一电视使我们呆在家就可以懂得外面的世界television”一词来源于希腊词“tele”和拉丁词videre,意思是“看见远处”电视将声音和图像以电磁波的形式发射到空气中，跟收音机的原理同样一百数年前就开始做试验，直到20多就业机会，许多大学教室里装有闭路电视，医院也用电视让学生们看清手术过程二战后，电视在美国流行起来，到1950年电视成为娱乐圈的重要部分
57.答案B【试o题分析】【详此题考察句意理解细解答】中演这里表达的是准备和上映的意思，而不是穿上印有节目的衣服或在电视节目出等
58.答案A【试题分析】此题考察句意理解【详细解答】这里表达让学生们能更清晰地观看手术过程
59.答案C【试o题分析】【详此题考察句意理解细解答】表达对诸多美国家庭而言电视机忽然变得很轻易拥有了
60.答案D【试o题分析】【关此题考察句意理解键词语】【详catch ones fancy细解答】指电视节目让人们很感爱好而乐意收看词组“catch/take ones fancy意为“被某人喜欢”
61.答案C【试题分析】此题考察对关键词组的理解【关键词语】around the clock【详细解答】指每天24小时不间断地播放电视节目…uaround/round theclock”意思是“all dayand allnight withoutstopping”Passage8【短文大意】有关怎样运用某块土地的问题，首先应考虑什么常常成为辨论的要点例如，假如在肥沃的农田下面发既有厚厚的一层可开采的煤的话，该怎样做呢？开矿得掀开上面的土壤和蔬菜，但开矿可以提供就业机会，给都市商业带来经济利益赞成开采的认为需要煤且这样挖煤更轻易，但另首先，表层的土壤也十分宝贵，人们越来越需要开阔的空间因此修建新的机场、发电厂、公路等计划几乎都遭到强烈的反对，那么怎样处理土地运用问题呢？更换价值观念也许是一种处理措施假如我们想保持土地的美，又使土地可以运用，无论多难也得作出选择，毕竟土地有限这一点是大家公认的
62.答案D【试题分析】此题考察根据上下文推测单词意思的能力【详细解答】应是首先要考虑的事情，而不是A“多种需要”，B“最重要的目的”，或C“第一需要”
63.答案Bo【试题分析】此题考察句意理解【详细解答】应当注意到未被占用的土地的重要性，而不是向天空发展或向空间要地等
64.答案Ao【参照译文】我们该怎样处理土地运用的问题呢？【试题分析】此题考察对文章倒数第二段的理解，见该段第二句话【详细解答】应是更新价值观念，换一种新的思维方式B、C、D都不符合题意
65.答案Bo【参照译文】“每个人都但愿他人的后园有大片的“难看的东西”表明此题考察难句的意思【试题分析】人们都不乐意与大型建筑物为邻【详细解答】
66.答案Ao此题考察文章主旨【试题分析】本文重要讲述的是土地的极限，而不是泛泛谈论土地、生活方式或空间等【详细解答】Passage9【短文大意】在美国有七千八百万汽车和卡车上装有防护气囊，用来缓和剧烈的正面冲击五年前严重的防护气囊事故开始出现，去年十月测定12岁如下的孩子比成人更轻易伤亡，1996年11月近60人死亡几千人受伤都归于防护气囊装置但总的说来，这种装置还是有用的，使司机死亡率减少了11%o因此公路安全保险部门告诫人们上路之前一定要系好安全带，不要坐得太靠前，只要刚好能踩着油门就可以了可调方向盘应对准胸前而不是头部，孕妇尤其要近也许使腹部远离防护气囊，12岁如下的孩子应当系上安全带坐在后座此题考察对文章头两句的理解
57.答案Do由于有2400万辆车在乘客座位前也安装了防护气囊，其他几种选择不符合【试题分析】【详细解答】题意此题考察对全文的综合理解
58.答案D【试题分析】由于防护气囊确实是有待更深入完善的保安装置【详细解答】
59.答案D防护气囊位于方向盘的中央，因此司机应当……【参照译文】此题考察对段意的理解【试题分析】根据文章第四段的大意可知A、B、C均为应注意的事项，因此选D【详细解答】
60.答案Ao可调试的盘应当对准前胸而不是头部【参照译文】此题为寻找并理解信息题【试题分析】文章指出“只有这样，在车祸时，驾车人的头才能得到最有效的保护”见文章倒数第【详细解答】三段第一句、第二句，意思是把两手分别放在方向盘上3点钟和9点钟的位置以便使手臂远离开着的防护气囊
62.答案Bo【试题分析】此题考察文章的主题【详细解答】本文讲解太阳能，其他的答案都不符合题意
63.答案D【试题分析】此题为直接寻找信息题【详细解答】“太阳能可以节省能源”与题意最贴切见文章第二段第一句
64.答案Co【参照译文】太阳能是一种永恒的能源，几十亿年不会枯竭【试题分析】此题为寻找详细信息题【详细解答】
65.答案Co此题为判断题【试题分析】只有太阳能无污染【详细解答】文中所说的太阳的寿命是几十亿年见文章第三段第一句
66.答案A【参照译文】目前太阳能处在婴儿期，但很快将会成为我国能源的重要构成部分【试题分析】此题考察对文章主旨的理解太阳能将是此后的重要能源见文C.50percent ofthe populationno longerrelies onwelfareD.the livingstandards ofmost peopleare goingdown
60.From the passage weknow thatwelfare reformaims at.A.saving welfarefundsB.rebuilding thework ethicC.providing morejobsD.cutting governmentexpenses
61.According tothe passagebefore thewelfarereformwas carriedout,.A.the povertyrate waslowerB.average livingstandards werehigherC.the averageworker waspaid higherwagesD.thepoorused torely ongovernment aidPassage2Questions62to66are basedon the following passage.Today,therearemany avenuesopen tothose whowish to continue theireducation.However,nearly allrequire somebreak in ones careerinordertoattendschoolfulltime.Part-timeeducation,thatis,attending schoolat nightor forone weekenda month,tends todragthe processout overtime andputs thecompletion ofa degreeprogram outof reachofmanypeople.Additionally,such programsrequire afixed timecommitment whichcan alsoimpact negativelyon onescareerand familytime.Of themany approachesto teachingand learning,however,perhaps themost flexibleandaccommodating is that calleddistance learning.Distance learningis aneducational method,whichallows the students theflexibility tostudy athis orher ownpace toachieve theacademic goals,which aresonecessary intodays world.The timerequired tostudy manybe setaside at the studentsconveniencewith dueregard to all lifesother requirements.Additionally,the studentmay enrollin distance learningcourses fromvirtually anyplace inthe world,while continuingto pursue their chosen career.Tutorialassistance may beavailableviaregularairmail,telephone,facsimile machine,teleconferencing andoverthe Internet.Good distance learning programsare characterizedby theinclusion ofa subjectevaluation toolwithevery subject.This precludesthe requirementfor astudent totravel awayfrom hometo takea test.Another characteristic ofa gooddistance-learning programis theequivalence ofthedistance-learningcourse with the samesubject materialsas thosestudents takingthe courseon the home campus.Theresultant diploma or degree should alsobe the same whetherdistance learningoron-campus studyisemployed.The individualityoftheprofessor/student relationshipis anothercharacteristicofa gooddistance-learning program.In thefinal analysis,agooddistancelearningprogram hasaplacenotonlyforthe individualstudents butalso thecorporation orbusiness thatwants towork inpartnership with theiremployees forthe educationalbenefit,professional development,and businessgrowth oftheorganization.Sponsoring distancelearning programsfor theiremployees givesthe businesstheadvantage ofretaining career-minded peoplewhile contributingto theirpersonal andprofessional growththrougheducation.
62.According tothe passage,which ofthe followingis NOTa disadvantageof parttime educationA.It requiressomebreakinone*scareer.B.It tends to lasttoo longformanypeople tocomplete adegreeprogram.C.It affectsones career.D.It givesthestudentless time to sharewiththefamily.
63.Which ofthefollowingis NOTan advantageof distancelearningA.The studentmay choosehis orher ownpace.B.The studentmay studyat anytimeto his orher convenience.C.They canpursuetheirchosencareerwhile studying.D.Their tutorialassistance comesthrough regularairmail,telephone,facsimile machine,etc.
64.What benefit will distancelearningprogrambring toa businessA.Recruitment ofmore talentedpeople.B.Good imageofthebusiness.C.Better cooperationwith universities.D.Further trainingof employeesand businessgrowth.
65.Good distancelearningprogramhave thefollowing characteristicEXCEPT.A.distancelearningcourse isthe sameas studentstaking coursesin campusB.the resultdiplomaordegreeshouldbe sameas oncampus studyC.professor-student relationshipis strictlyone toone allthrough thecourseD.includes subjectevaluation tool
66.What benefit will distancelearning bringto anemployee ofa businessA.Professional growth.B.Good relationshipwiththeemployer.C.Good impressionon theemployer.D.Higher salary.Passage3Questions57to61are basedon thefollowing passage.More andmore,the operationsofourbusinesses,governments,and financialinstitutions arecontrolledby informationthat existsonly insidecomputer memories.Anyone cleverenoughtomodifythis informationfor hisown purposescan reapsubstantial rewards.Even worse,a numberof peoplewhohave donethis andbeen caughtat ithave managedto getaway withoutpunishment.Its easyfbr computer crimes to go undetectedif noone checksup onwhat the computer isdoing,but evenif thecrime isdetected,the criminalmay walk away notonly unpunishedbut witha glowingrecommendationfrom hisformer employers.Of course,we haveno statisticson crimesthat go undetected.But itsdisturbing tonote howmanyofthecrimes wedo knowabout weredetected byaccident,not bysystematic inspectionsor othersecurityprocedures.The computer criminals whohave beencaught mayhavebeenthe victimsofuncommonly bad luck.For example,a certainkeypunch operatorcomplained ofhaving tostay overtimeto punchextracards.Investigation revealedthat theextra cardsshe wasbeing askedto punchwere fordishonesttransactions.In anothercase,dissatisfied employeesofthethief tippedoff thecompany thatwas beingrobbed.Unlike otherlawbreakers,who mustleave thecountry,commit suicide,or go to jail,computercriminals sometimesescape punishment,demanding notonly that they notbe chargedbut that they begivengood recommendationsand perhapsother benefits.All toooften,their demandshavebeenmet.Why Becausecompany executivesare afraid ofthebad publicitythatwouldresult ifthe publicfoundout that their computerhad beenmisused.They hesitateatthethought ofa criminalboasting inopencourt ofhow hejuggled themost confidential records rightunder thenoses ofthe companysexecutives,accountants,and securitystaff.And soanother computercriminal departswith justtherecommendations he needstocontinue hiscrimes elsewhere.
57.It can be concludedfrom thepassage that.A.it isstill impossibleto detectcomputer crimestodayB.computer crimesare theone ofmost seriousproblem inthe operationof financialinstitutionsC.computer criminalscan escapepunishment because they cantbe detectedD.people commitcomputer crimesattherequest oftheir company
58.It isimplied inthe thirdparagraph that.A.many morecomputer crimesgoundetectedthan arediscoveredB.the rapidincrease ofcomputer crimesisatroublesome problemC.most computercriminals aresmart enoughto coverup theircrimesD.most computercriminals whoare caughtblame theirbadluck
59.Which ofthefollowingis mentionedinthepassageA.A strictlaw againstcomputer crimesmust beenforced.B.Companies needto imposerestrictions onconfidential information.C.Companies willguard againstcomputercrimesto protecttheir reputation.D.Companies usuallyhesitate touncover computercrimes.
60.The underlyingreason forthecomputercriminals to get recommendationsheneedsisthat—.A.they haveskills formidablydifficult forothers tomasterB.the employersare afraidthattheywould takeavenge ifpunishedC.the employersare muchafraidofbringing thepublic intodisbelief towardsthem throughthecriminals wordsin opencourtD.those whocommit crimesdo notmean bad
61.What mayhappen tocomputercriminalsonce they are caughtA.With badreputation theycan hardlyfind anotherjob.B.They willbe deniedaccess toconfidentialrecords.C.They maywalkawayand easilyfind anotherjob.D.They mustleave thecountry orgotojail.Passage4Questions62to66are basedon thefollowing passage.Tearem apart!”Kill thefool!59“Murder thereferee（裁判）!”These arecommon remarksone mayhear atvarious sportingevents.At thetime theyare made,theymay seeminnocent enough.But letsnot kidourselves.They havebeen knownto influencebehavior insucha way as tolead toreal bloodshed.Volumes havebeen writtenabout theway wordaffect us.It hasbeenshown thatwords havingcertain connotations（含义）may causeus toreact inways quiteforeign towhatwe considerto beour usualhumanisticbehavior.I seethe term“opponent asone ofthosewords.Perhaps thetime hascome todelete itfrom sportsterms.The dictionarymeaning ofthe term“opponent is“adversary“；“enemy”;“one whoopposes yourinterests.Thus,when aplayer meetsan opponent,he orshe maytend totreat thatopponent asanenemy.At suchtimes,winning maydominate onesintellect,and everyaction,no matterhowgross,maybe considered justifiable.I recallan incidentinahandball gamewhen arefereerefused aplayers requestforatime outforaglove changebecause hedid notconsidered thenwetenough.The playerproceeded torub hisgloves acrosshis wetT-shirt and then exclaimed.“Arethey wetenoughnow”.In theheat ofbattle,players havebeen observedto throwthemselves acrossthe courtwithoutconsidering theconsequences thatsuchamove mighthave onanyone intheir way.I havealso witnessedaplayer reactingtohisopponents internationalandillegalblockingbydeliberatelyhittinghimwiththeball ashardashecouldduringthecourseofplay.Off the court,theyaregood friends.Does thatmake anysenseIt certainlygives proofofacourt attitudewhich departsfrom normalbehavior.Therefore,1believe itis timewe elevated（提高）the gametothelevel whereit belongs,therebysetting anexample tothe restofthesporting world.Replacing the term“opponent”with“associate“couldbeanidealway tostart.The dictionarymeaning oftheterm“associaten is“colleague;fHend;companion.Reflect amoment!You maysoon seeand possiblyfeel thedifference inyourreaction totheterm“associate ratherthan“opponent.”
62.Which ofthefollowingstatements bestexpressestheauthors viewA.Aggressive behaviorin sportscan haveserious consequencesB.The wordspeople usecan influencetheir behaviorC.Unpleasant wordsin sportsare oftenused byforeign athletesD.Unfair judgmentsby refereeswill leadto violenceon the sports field
63.Harsh wordsare spokenduring gamesbecausetheplayers.A.are tooeager towinB.are usuallyshort-tempered andeasily offendedC.cannot affordto bepolite infierce competitionD.treat theirrivals asenemies
64.What didthe handballplayer dowhen hewas notallowed atimeoutto changehis glovesA.He refusedtocontinuethe gameB.He angrilyhit thereferee witha ballC.He claimedthatthereferee wasunfairD.He wethisglovesby acrosshis T-shirt
65.According tothepassage,players,inagame,may.A.deliberately throwtheballat anyoneillegally blockingtheir wayB.keep onscreaming andshouting throughoutthe gameC.lie downon theground asan actof protestD.kick theball acrossthecourtwith force
66.The authorhopes tohave thecurrent situationin sportsimproved by.A.calling onplayers touse onthe courtB.raising therefereed senseof responsibilityC.changingtheattitude ofplayers onthesportsfieldD.regulating therelationship betweenplayers andrefereesPassage5Question57to61are basedon thefollowing passage.Brazil hasbecome one ofthedeveloping worldsgreat successesat reducingpopulation growth——but morebyaccidentthandesign.While countriessuch asIndia havemade jointefforts toreducebirth rates,Brazil hashad betterresult withoutreally trying,says GeorgeMartine atHarvard.BraziPs populationgrowth ratehas droppedfrom
2.99%a yearbetween1951and1960to
1.93%a yearbetween1981and1990,and Brazilianwomen nowhave only
2.7children onaverage.Martinesays thisfigure mayhave fallenstill furthersince1990,an achievementthat makesit theenvy ofmanyother ThirdWorldcountries.Martine puts itdown to,among otherthings,soap operas（通俗电视持续剧）and installment（分期付款）plans introducedinthe1970s.Both playedanimportant,although indirect,role in lowering thebirthrate.Brazil isoneofthe worldsbiggest producersof soapoperas.Globl,Brazirs mostpopulartelevision network,shows threehours ofsoaps sixnights aweek,while threeothers show atleast onehour anight.Most soapsare basedon wealthycharacters livingthehighlife inbig cities.Although theyhave neverreally triedtoworkinamisusage towardsthe problemsofreproduction,they describemiddle andupper classvalues—not manychildren,different attitudestowardssex,women working,says Martine.They sentthis imagetoallparts ofBrazil andmade peopleconsciousof otherpatterns ofbehavior andother values,which wereput intoa veryattractive package.Meanwhile,the installmentplans triedto encouragethepoorto becomeconsumers.This ledtoan enormouschange inconsumption patternsand consumptionwasincompatible（不相容的）withunlimited reproduction”,says Martine.
57.According tothepassage,Brazil hascut backits populationgrowth.A.by educatingits citizensB.by carefulfamily panningC.by developingTV programmesD.bychance
58.According tothepassage,many ThirdWorldcountries.A.havent attachedmuch importanceto birth controlB.would soonjoin Brazilin controllingtheir birthrateC.havent yetfound aneffective measureto controltheir populationD.neglected therole ofTV playsin familyplanning（）
59.The phrase“putsitdownto”Line1,Para.3is closestin meaningto“A.attributes itto B.sums itup asC.finds ita reasonfor D.compares itto
60.Soap operashave helpedinloweringBraziPs birthrate because.A.they keeppeople sittinglong hourswatching TVB.theyhavegradually changedpeoples wayof lifeC.peoplearedrawn topackageD.they popularizebirthcontrolmeasures
61.What isMartines conclusionabout BraziPspopulation growthA.The increasein birthrate willpromote consumption.B.The desirefor consumptionhelps toreduce birthrate.C.Consumption patternsand reproductionpatterns arecontradictory.D.A countrysproduction islimited byits populationgrowth.Passage6Questions62to66are basedonthefollowing passage.Is thereenough oilbeneath theArctic NationalWildlifeRefuge（保护区）（ANWR）to help secureAmericas energyfuturePresident Bushcertainly thinksso.He hasarguedthattappingANWRsoilwould helpease California^electricity crisisand providea majorboost tothe countrysenergyindependence.But noone knowsfor surehow muchcrude oillies buriedbeneath thefrozen earthwiththe lastgovernment survey,conducted in1998,projecting outputanywhere from3billion to16billionbarrels.The oil industry goeswiththehigh end oftherange,which couldequal asmuch as10%ofU.S.consumption foras longas sixyears.By pumpingmorethan1million barrelsa dayfrom thereserve forthenext twothree decades,lobbyists claim,thenationcould cutback onimports equivalentto allshipmentstotheU.S.from Saudi Arabia.Sounds good.An oilboom wouldalso meanamultibillion-dollar windfall（意外之财）in taxrevenues,royalties（开采权使用费）and leasingfees forAlaskaand theFederal Government.Best ofall,advocates ofdrilling say,damage tothe environmentwouldbe insignificant.Weve neverhad adocument caseofoilrig chasingdeer outonto thepack ice.says AlaskaState RepresentativeScott Ogan.Not sofar,say environmentalists.Sticking tothe lowendofgovernment estimates,the NationalResourcesDefense Councilsays theremaybeno morethan
3.2billion barrelsof economicallyrecoverableoilinthe coastalplain of ANWR,a dropinthebucket thatwould dovirtually nothing to easeAmericasenergy problems.And consumerswouldwaituptoadecadetogainanybenefits,becausedrilling couldbegin onlyafter muchbargaining overleases,environmental permitsand regulatoryreview.As fbrANWRs impactontheCalifornia powercrisis,environmentalists pointout thatoil isresponsiblefbr only1%oftheGolden Stateselectricity output-and just3%ofthe nations.
62.What doesPresident Bushthink oftapping oilin ANWRA.It willexhaust thenations oil reserves.B.It willhelpsecurethe futureofANWR.C.It willhelp reducethenationsoil importsD.It willincrease Americasenergy consumption
63.We learnfromthesecond paragraphthattheAmerican oilindustry.A.believes thatdrilling foroilin ANWR willproduce highyieldsB.tendstoexaggerate Americasreliance onforeign oilC.shows littleinterest intapping oilin ANWRD.expects tostop oilimports fromSaudiArabia
64.Those againstoil drillinginANWRargue that.A.it cancause seriousdamage tothe environmentB.it cando littleto solveU.S.energy problemsC.it willdrain theoilreservesintheAlaskan regionD.itwillnot havemuch commercialvalue（）
65.What dothe environmentalistsmean bysaying“Not sofhst”Linel,Para.3A.Oil exploitationtakes along timeB.The oildrilling shouldbe delayedC.Dont betoo optimisticD.Dont expectfast returns
66.It canbe learnedfromthepassage thatoil exploitationbeneath ANWRsfrozen earth.A.remains acontroversialissueB.is expectedto getunder waysoonC.involves alot oftechnological problemsD.will enabletheU.S.tobeoil independentPassage7Questions57to61are basedonthefollowingpassage.Television,or TV,the modernwonder ofelectronics,brings theworld intoyour ownhome insightand sound.The nametelevision comesfromtheGreek wordtele,meaning“fhr”,andtheLatin wordvidere,meaning“to see”.Thus,television meansseeing far,
9.Sometimes television is referredto asvideo,fromaLatin wordmeaning Isee”.In GreatBritain,the popularword fbrtelevisionistelly”.Television worksin muchthesamewayasradio.In radio,sound ischanged into electromagneticwaveswhich aresent throughthe air.In TV,both soundand lightare changedinto electromagneticwaves.Experiments leadingto moderntelevision tookplace morethan ahundred yearsago.By the1920s,inventors andresearchers hadturned theearly theoriesinto workingmodels.Yet ittook anotherthirtyyears forTV tobecome anindustry.As anindustry,TV providesjobs forhundreds ofthousands whomake TV sets andbroadcastingequipment.It alsoprovides workfor actors,technicians,andothers who put on programs.Many largeschoolsand universitieshave“closed-circuit“television equipmentthat willtelecast lecturesanddemonstrations tohundreds ofstudents indifferent classrooms;andthelecture canbe videotaped tobekept forlater use.Some hospitalsuse TVto allowmedical studentsto getclose-up view of operations.In1946,after WorldWar II,TV beganto burstupon theAmerican scenewithaspeed unforeseeneven bythemost optimisticleaders ofthe industry.The noveltyof seeingTV pictures inthehome caught thepublics fancyand begana revolutionintheworld ofentertainment.By1950,television hadgrown intoamajor partof showbusiness.Many filmand stagestars beganto performon TVas televisionaudiencesincreased.Stations thatonce telecastfor onlya fewhours aday sometimes telecast around theclock inthe1960s.
57....otherswhoputonprograms,^means that.A peopleget ontheir clotheswith programsprinted onBpeople prepareand presentthe programson TVCpeople likethe programsDpeople actedintheTV programs
58.“・•・to allowmedical studentsto getclose upviewof operationssuggests.A thestudents canhave viewofoperationswith enlargeddetailsB thestudents canoperate throughTVC thestudents wereallowed tolearn operationsD TV isbeing usedby students
59....TV beganto burstupon theAmerican,indicates thatAin1946TVsetsexploded inAmerican familiesBTV mayinjure peopleCTV suddenlybecame availableto manyAmerican familiesDTV wasvery popularin
194660.u TV picturesinthehomecaughtthepublic sfancy,tells usATV picturesare betterthan moviesBTV pictures canbeseen athomeC TVpicturescanhurt people s eyesDTVpictureshad arousedpeoplesinterests
61....sometimestelecastaroundtheclockinthe1960s.meansA TV telecast usedtohavea roundclockB peoplewatch TVwith aroundclock nearbyCTVtelecast24hours aday inthe1960sDTVwas onshow everydayPassage8Questions62to66are basedonthefollowingpassage.In thedebates abouthowaparticular pieceof landis tobe used,the prioritiesoften conflict.Whatshould youdo,for example,if youfind out that underthe fertilefields ofa thereisathick bedof coalwhichcanbestrip minedStrip miningrips uptop soiland vegetation.But miningmay createjobs,bringmoney tothe townsbusinesses.Those whoapprove ofstrip miningsaythatthe coalis needed,and theypointoutthatitisquicker andcheaper toget coalfromthesurface thantogodeep intotheearthtogetitby standardmining techniques.On theother hand,it takesnature500yearstocreate aninch oftop soil.As thecountryside fillsup,peoplearebecoming moreneedforopen space.Nearly everyproposal foranew powerplant,highway,or airportdraws fierceopposition.Everyone wantsthe big,land-eating“uglies“tobein someoneelses backyard.Minneapolis andSt.Paul,Minnesota,for example,have beendebatingaboutthesite ofa futureairport foryears.Yet ifa newairport isneeded,itwillhave togosomewhere.How dowe findour wayoutofthe land-used problemOne waymight beto reexamineourvalues,to thinkin newdirections.Does everyonehave tohaveacar withits needfor highwaysandparking lotsWhat aboutdeveloping masstransitsystemsthat use lesslandDo suburbshave tosprawlCan theybe designedso theyuselessspace Dowe have tohavemoreenergyIf wedo,dowereallyhave tostrip-minecoaltoprovideitHowever difficultthey maybetoarrive at,choices willhavetobe madeif wewanttopreservethe beautyand usefulnessoftheland.For thereis atleastonepoint onwhich allof uscan agree:The landdoeshave itslimits.
62.The word“priorities“inthesentence means.A thevarious needsBthemost importantgoalC thenumber onenecessity Dthe firstthingtobeconsidered63・“・・・,peoplearebecomingmoreneedfor openspace.tells usthat.A peopleare thinkingto developtheir livingspace intothe skyBpeople noticedthe needfor unoccupiedland。
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