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Unit1Friendship课堂笔记、「1Your friendcomes to school ve y upset.你的朋友来上课时心情很不好既可以作动词又可以作形容词，在此处是形容词，作补语，用来补充形容主语upset yourfriend来学校时的心情
①The farmercame backhome tired and hungry.那个农民回家时又累又饿修市主语tiredandhungry C the farmer
②不要早婚Dont marryyoung.补充修饰省去的主语young you
①The familyare allconcerned abouther safety.be concernedabout=be worriedabout全家人对她的安全十分紧张
②Why isshe soconcernedabout the gamebeconcernedabout=be interestedin她为何对这场比赛这样关注重视？、「3She saidjldorVt wartto set down aseries offacts ira dia y likemost peopledo,「but Iwant thisdiayitself to be my friend,and I shall callmyfriend-tty”她说“我不乐意像大多数人那样在日志中记流水账，我要把这本日志当作我的朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂”放下=set downput down己下=set downi writedown=take down=put down
①He enteredthe house,setdownhis heavybag,and askedfor somewater todrink.他进了屋子，放下沉重的口袋，向人要点水喝
②He spoketoo fastand Icouldnt setdown whathe said.他讲得很快，我记不下来他所讲的内容、「4I wonderif ifsbecause Ihavent beenable tob outdoorsfo solong thatle g「「owr soc azyabout everythingto dowith nature.我不懂得这是不是由于我长期无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热此处的是强调句型，意为“由于……因此……”its because...that...比赛之前，警察规定我们出示看票These books are requiredreading.这些书是必读的、还是7in thedirection ofto thedirection of英语中表达方向的介词多用不过，朝……方向，不能说要to,to thedirection of,用in thedirection of
①The horseran awayin thedirection of the forest.马朝森林方向跑去了
②After schoolthe childrenwent homein everydirection.放学之后，同学们朝不一样方向回家了除此之外，常见的表达方向的介词尚有
③They willleave forBeijing this afternoon.他们下午到北京去
④The dogis comingat thestranger.狗朝那个陌生人扑去
⑤They swam towards the island.他们向小岛游去©The enemywas surroundedfrom differentdirections.敌人被四面八方包围了Unit3Travel journal课堂笔记-----、1Since highschool,my sisterWarg Weiard IWarg Kun,had dreamedabouttaking「a greetbike tip.从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我一一王坤就一直想作一次自行车旅行梦想做某事dream of/about doing sth
①If sa smalltown.You cannever dreamof doingshopping after5oclock intheevening.那是个小镇，每天下午五点钟后来你别想逛商店
②The girlalways dreamsof becominga teacherlike hermother.这个女孩总是梦想像妈妈同样当个教师、2It wasmy sisterwho firsthad theidea tocycle along the Mekong River fromwhereitbegins towhere itends.首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐…是个强调句型，用来强调句子中除谓语之外的多种成分，以引It was…who/that起听者或读者的注意，强调句型的完整构造是被强调部分句中原有其他部分指人是常用也可以用It is/was++who/that+who,that,指物或值时间、地点等时用thato
①It wasJack whooften helpedus learn English last year.是杰克去年常常协助我们学英语
②止匕处不能换为It waslastyearthat Jackoften helpedus learnEnglish.thatwhen是去年，杰克常常协助我们学英语、3Then shepersuaded meto buyore.然后她还说服了我也买了一辆山地车说月艮某人做某事persuade...to do=persuade...into doing二说月艮某人不要做某事persuade...not to do persuade...out ofdoing我劝®l advised him to give up smoking,but Icouldnt persuadehim to do so.他把烟戒掉，说服不了他
②诸多Many advertisementstry topersuade peopleinto buyingtheir products.广告设法说服人们购置他们的产品、4Although shedidrVt know the bestway ofgetting toplaces,she insisted that「we findthe sourceof theHve andbegin ourjourney thee虽然她对某些地方的最佳路线并不清晰，她却坚持我们要找到河的源头并从那里开始我们的行程背面的从句中常用虚拟语气，从句的谓语由动词原形构成，其中可以省insist should+should略
①我的父母坚持My parentsinsisted that I shouldlearn medicineinstead oflaw.要我学医，不要学法律
②Zhang Huainsistedthatwe shouldstart at once.张华坚持要我们立即出发中学英语中类似的常用动词有个，都是《课程原则》规定掌握的词汇，可用
一、
二、10
三、四的措施来记这些动词简称为一种“坚持二两个“命令”，三个“提议”，四个“规定”，它们是1insist2order/command3suggest/advise/recommend4require/request/demand/desire------、5She gaveme adetermined lookthe kindthat saidshe wouldrYtchange he「mind.给了我一种就坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会变化主意的是形容词，由动词变化而来意为“坚定的，坚决的二detemnined detemninebe的意思是“决定干某事”determined to do sth
①「He motheris adetermined womanwho alwaysgets whatshe wants.他母亲是一种坚定的女人，她总能到达自己的目的
②They aredetermined tosend upanother man-made satellite.他们决定发射另一颗人造卫星有关链接“作出决定”的多种体现法1decide to do sth=2make adecision to do sth3determine to do sth=determine on/upon sth=be determinedto do sth4make upones mindto do sth、6Oree she has made up hermird,nothing carcharge it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她变化作副词时，有“一次”、“曾经”等意思，此处是作连词，连接条件状语从句，意为once“一旦”
①Once youvemadeupyour mind,you mustgo on.一旦你下定决心，就必须坚持下去
②Once youshow fear,he willattack you.你一旦显出胆怯，他就会袭击你、「「「7To climbthe mountain oad washa dwo kbut toco downthe hillswas greatfun.上山很艰难，而下山却很好玩此句中的动词不定式短语和都是to climbthe mountainroad to go downthe hills作主语，一定要注意造飞机比造火车难得多误Make a plane is much more difficult thanmake atrain.正To make aplaneis muchmoredifficultthan tomakeatrain.语法进行时态表未来表达按原定计划进行某事时，可以使用进行时态表达未来（目前进行时表未来，过去进行时表过去未来），这种状况常用于表达运动的动词等，或者是表达交come,go,stay,arrive,leave通方式、行程安排的动词如（）等fly,walk,ride,drive abus,a taxi
①We areleaving atnoon.我们中午出发（已经决定）
②I wasgoing toplay basketball,but itbegan torain.我本来是打算去打篮球的，但下起雨来了练习、1In the following dialogue,a newspaperreporter is interviewing WangWei aboutherplans for the tripalongthe MekongRiver.However,they are not sureaboutsome of the verbtenses.Please helpthem completetheir conversation.「R:Miss Wang,I hearthatyoua egoing totravel alongtheMekongRiver.Thats reallyexciting.Have yougot everything readyW:Almost.R:When are you going/leavingW:Next Monday.R:How farareyougoing/leaving eachday WIts hardto say.If theweather isfine,I thinkwell beable toride75km aday.R:Where areyou stayingat nightW:Usually in our tent,but sometimesin asmall hotelin town.R:Do youthink youare coming back heresoon「W:Oh,we a enotcomingbackto thisplace.We are going home.Thatll beamonth later.R:Thank youfor yourtime,Miss Wang.Good luckon yourjourney!W:Thank you.重点词汇、日志1diary/journal只有“日志”的意思，是指（对已发生的事件或产生diary dailyof events,thoughts,etc.的思想等记载），记日志；的意思较多，“记日志”也可以说keep a diary journalkeep a但多指「「journal,journal dailyeco dof news,events,businessaccounts（新闻.事件或商业日志帐等）©He writesadiaryin Englishevery day.他每天用英语记日志
②We knowit from his traveljournal.我们是从他的旅行日志中懂得这件事的、费用2fare/cost/expense车费，船费等交通费用fare:成本；代价；某方面的费用cost:（金钱、时间、精力等的）花费，指详细费用时常用复数expense:用括号里的词填空
①The battlewas won at a great costof life,only aftermany soldiershad been（）killed.fare/cost「（）®\have noenough moneyto paythe fa e fromJapan to China.fare/money®\want thebest clothesyou canmake,you needspare noexpense,（）fare/expense、终于3finally/in the end/at last这三个词语均有“终于，最终”的意思，意思相差不大，一般可以换用但finally和强调最终的结局；强调通过若干努力之后干成某事，不用于否认句in the end atlast
①They talkedabout itfor hours.Finally theydecided not to go.他们讨论了很久，最终决定不去了（强调讨论的成果）
②In theend,we wonthe war.终于我们打赢了这一仗（强调战争成果）（）3At last,he hasunderstood.终于他弄明白了（强调克服了诸多困难）、投降；屈服；让步放弃（做某事）4give ingive up
①No matterwhat difficultyhe met,he nevergave in.他从不向困难低头
②He usuallyhas to give into hisbrother.他一般必须听从他大哥的话
①This singeris familiarto theold people.=The oldpeople arefamiliar withthis singer.这个歌星对年龄较大的人来说很文明年龄较大的人理解这个歌星
②She isfamiliarwithEnglish.她通晓英语考考你单元词汇，单项选择1—31Three Cfive makeseight.A addsto Badded up to Cadded to D adds upto2He gaveupsmokingC savemoney.A so that Bin order toCso as toDin order3C goabroad,he studiesEnglish very hard.A SoastoB In order thatC Inorder toD Sothat4How longhave youC in love with your stepmotherAfall Bfelt C been Dfallen5When didyour fatherB thePartyA joinin Bjoin Ctake part in Djoined6There arefifty-five peoplein theroom,our teacherC.A includesB includingC includedD isincluded7We haveto putoff thesports meetingCtheheavy rain.A becauseB asC because of Dsince8Look,many peopleare runningA thedirection of the village.A inB toC forD on9Im afraidnobody canC himtogiveup drinking.A adviseB suggestC persuadeD ask10She isC tostudy medicinein thefuture.A decidedB determineC determinedD madeup hismindUnit4Earthquakes课堂笔记、1Ore-third of the countryfelt it.全国三分之一的地方有震感三分之一，分数词的表达措施是one-third分数用基数词分母用序数词
1.one,two,three,...,first,second,third,...,当分子不小于时，分母的词尾要加1So.前面带有整数的分数用数字表达，但在句首时则用文字2©Three-fourths of the wateris pollutedand one-fourth of the villagershavemoved away.四分之三的水已经被污染，四分之一的村民已搬走
②「You bagis21/2times theweight ofmine.你的书包是我的书包的两倍重
③Two and a quarterinches ofrain fellover theweekend.周末的降雨量达英寸21/
4、「「「2The number of people who werekilled oinjured eachedmo ethan400,
000.死伤人数到达多万40是“数字，数量”的意思，其后的谓语要用单数第三人称；意the number of a number of为“诸多，大量二谓语要用复数
①The numberof students of our school isover
3000.我们学校的学生数已达多人3000
②A numberof studentshave goneto Americathis summer.今年暑假诸多学生到美国去了、3Sand rowfilled thewells instead of water.井里满是沙子而不是水是短语介词，意为“替代”，其后常接名词、代词、动名词及介词短语等，instead of而是副词，是“然而”“而不是”的意思，常位于句首或句末使用时，有时二者可instead以转换
①今天晚上我看电影，而不看电视1Ill see a film this eveninginsteadofwatching TV.2Ill notwatch TVthis evening.Ill see a filminstead.
②他们一般步行上班，而不是乘公交汽车1They usuallygo to work onfoot insteadof bybus.2They usuallygo towork onfoot,but thistime theywill bybus instead.、4People beganto wonderhow longthe disasterwould last.人们开始纳闷这场劫难还会持续多久既可以用作形容词、副词，也可以用作不及物动词，不能用于被动语态此处用作动词，last是“持续，延续”的意思，它的含义比较广泛
①The sportsmeet lastedthree days.运动会开了三天
②The friendshipbetween uswill lastlong.我们之间的友谊将天长地久
①Not all the girls left early.=Only some of thegirlsleftearly.并不是所有的女孩都走得很早©Dont throwrubbish everywhere.不要到处乱扔垃圾
③Not everyteacher is busy today.=some arebusy,some arentbusy.©Not both of myparents agreewith me.并不是我的父母都同意我的意见两者都不用两者以上的所有否认用neither,none of...
①None ofthe teachershere smoke.这儿的老师都不抽烟©Neither of his parentsis at home today.他父母今天都不在家、「6They organizedteams todig outthose trappedand tobu ythe dead.救援人员构成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋死难者，定冠词之后加形容词，表达一类人the deadthe
①The oldand thesick satonamorecomfortable bus.老人和病人坐在一辆舒适些的汽车上
②「Fo theblind,life isdifficult.We shouldcare for them wheneverwe can.对盲人来说，生活是很艰难的，任何时候我们都要关怀他们语法定语从句定语从句的两种构造
1.主句（先行词）+引导词+从句A.
①This isthe pen that/boughtyesterday.这是我昨天买的那只钢笔以上划直线部分为主句，其中为先行词，为引导词，引导的斜体字部分为定语从句，penthat整个定语从句修饰先行词pen主句部分（先行词）+引导词+从句+主句部分B.
②The penthat Ibought yesterdayis madein Japan.我昨天买的那只钢笔是日本产的句型的特点是主句和从句前后两部分，而句型的特点是主句被从句隔开A B.关系代词引导的定语从句2that,which,who见书本P90-P91练习Now addan attributiveclause tocomplete eachsentence usingthat,which,who,or whose.
①The terribleshaking ofthe buildingwoke upall thepeoplewhowere asleep.
②The nextday peopleput upshelters in the open air with all kindsof thingsthat/which theycould find.©Several dayslater mostofthebuildings that/which hadbeen damagedwererepaired
④We wentto seeour teacherwhose husband was killedin theearthquake.
⑤A numberof childrenwhose parentshad diedin thequake weresent tolivewith familiesin othercities.重点词汇、上升；上涨；起身1rise vi.提高；提高；举起；提出；抚养；喂养raise vt.这两个动词极易混淆，但它们的主线特点或明显区别是什是不及物动词，后边不能se宾语，而「是及物动词，后边要接宾语aise
①The sunrises in the eastand setsin thewest.太阳在东方升，西方落
②The oldman risesvery earlyevery day.这个老人每天起得早
③The curtainrises at7p.m.下午时开幕7@lf youwant toask aquestion,please raiseyour hand.有问题请举手@Our governmenthas takenstrong measuresto raiseour standardof living.我们的政府已采用强有力的措施来提高我们的生活水平©Anybody canraise aquestion in the discussion.讨论中任何人都可以提出问题
⑦I wasraised broughtup in the country.我是在乡下被抚养长大的©They arebusy raisingmoney forthe HopeProject.他们忙于为但愿工程募捐、炸弹、炮弹、锅炉等爆炸2burst vi.匕使爆炸，使爆破；胀破爆炸，破裂.n.
①A bombburst afew yardsaway fromwhere westood,i//.一颗炸弹在离我们所站不远的地方几码处爆炸了
②The bottleburst.//.瓶子破裂了
③Be careful.Dont burst the balloon.i/A小心，别把气球弄炸破了@lf you get muchfatter youllburst yourclothes./A假如你再胖下去，你的衣服就要绷破了
⑤〃The policeburstthedoor open.警方破门而入忽然大哭©burst intotears=burst outcrying忽然大笑burst intolaughter=burst outlaughing
⑦The burstof abomb frightenedall thechildren around./
7.炸弹的爆炸声使周围的小孩心惊肉跳
⑧一阵笑声a burstof laughter大发雷霆大哭一番a burstof angertears、这些与有关的短语3in theend,at an end,by theend,to theend,at theend endo意思不一样样，需要记忆终于intheend结束，终止at anend在......底之前by theend究竟to theend在......底at theend©She foundher necklaceintheend.她终于找到了她的项链
②The warwas atanend.战争结束了
③By theend oflast mouthwe had done allthe work.上个月底之前我们就干完了所有的工作
④They madeup theirminds to fight to theend.他们决定战斗究竟®At theend ofthis mouthwell holda sportsmeet.本月底我们将举行运动会伤害；损害4injure vt.^vi.〃使受伤；使伤害；疼痛hurt vi.这两个动词均有“伤害”的意思，是指意外事故中的受伤，是指一般性的普通外伤injure hurt作不及物动词是“疼痛”的意思，指伤害某人的感情时，两者可以互换©Five peoplewere badlyinjured inthe trafficaccident.有人在车祸事故中严重受伤5
②Be carefulnot tohurt yourfinger.当心别把手指弄伤了
③In thefootball matchhe hurthis legand nowit hurtsbadly.在足球比赛中他的腿受伤了，目前腿痛得很
④What yousaid at the meetinghurt/injured herpride feelings.你在会上说的话伤了她的自尊心感情、怎样归纳英语中表达“多”的词语？5
①只能接可数名词的many,a good/great many,a largenumberof
②只能接不可数名词的much,agreatdeal of,a largeamount of
③接可数不可数名词均可的a lotof,lots of,plenty of,a largesupply of,a largequantity of、怎样使用比例？6©Seventy percentofthebooksaresold out.is/are©Seventy percentofthewater hereis polluted.is/are比例之后的谓语使用单数第三人称还是复数形式，不是看比例，而是看比例背面的名词，假如是不可数名词，就用单数形式，是可数名词，就用复数形式、以7prepare,be prepared,get prepared,make preparations,be ready,get ready上这些词语均有“准备”的意思，但使用上有区别可以从动态和状态两个方面来把握表动态prepare,get prepared,make preparations,get ready表状态be prepared,be ready选用以上词语填空
①「「「「「The finalexamination isconning.Lets p epa e/get p epa ed/mcke pepa「ations/get ready for it.
②「「「Please getyour penpepaed/eady andpaper forthe exam.
③「「「「「The teacheris pleasedbecause weaepepaed/aeeadyforthe match.练习应用括号里的词语翻译句子
①并不是所有的学生都是团员not allNotallthestudents Leaguemembers.
②请为明天的考试作好一切准备get...ready「Please geteverythingreadyfo tomorrov/s exam.
③我们终于见到了那位电影明星intheendWe sawthe filmstar intheend.
④这就是前天在运动场上受伤的那位运动员定语从句hurt,This isthe playerwho washurt onthe playgroundthe daybefore yesterday.
⑤谁也不懂得这场雨要下多久last「Nobody knowshow longthe ainwill last.Unit5Nelson Mandela—a modernhero课堂笔记、「1The timewhen I first met Nelson Mandela,was aveydifficult periodof my life.第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候是在我毕生中非常艰难的时期•这个句子中包括一种定语从句，该定语从句属于句型，B when IfirstmetNelson Mandela是一种定语从句，在定语从句中作状语，替代先行词when time
①This was a timewhen youcould notread orwrite.
②The daywhen Nelson Mandela toldme whatto doand helpedme wasone ofthehappiestdays of mylife.、「「2It was1952and he had openeda blacklaw fimto advise pooblack people「or theiproblems.那时是年，他开设了一家黑人律师事务所，为那些碰到麻烦的穷苦黑人提供征询服1952务注意的习惯搭配advise就某事出主意，提议某人做某事advise...on advise sb to do sth/advise doing©Theteacher advisedus to do more reading inour spare time.老师提议我们在业余时间多读点书
②They adviseplanting moretrees inspring.他们提议在春季多植树
③Its adoctors jobtoadvisepatients onhealth problem.医生的职责就是向病人提供有关健康的提议
④Could youadvise meon thisproblem对于这个问题你能给我某些忠告吗？、3The schoolwhere I had studiedonly twoyears wasthree kilometers away.我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远有……远，可以指距离，也可以指时间be…away0由于他再次迟到，Dlt was because he was lateagain thathis teacherscolded him.因此老师责怪了他
②完全是由于他Its allbecause hestudies hardthat hedoes wellin everysubject.学习努力，因此他各门功课成绩优秀在之后表原因的从句中，不能由和替代it isbecause sinceasWhy isntJane speakingto methese days简这几天为何不理我？那是由于你背后说了她的坏话It wasbecause youspoke illof herbehind herback.reason n.理由，原因构成句型The reasonwhy...is that...构成短语the reasonfor sth/to do和forthesome reasonTheresno reasonfor that.那事没有什么理由in orderto=so asto eg:He wentto townin orderto sell the painting.He wentto townso astosellthe painting.二He wentto townin orderthat hecould sellthepainting.注意in orderto与so asto相似点其后均加动词原形，引导目的状语，否认要在to前加not.即in ordernot to/so asnot to不一样点in orderto引导的不定式短语可以放在句首，也可以置于句中，so asto则只能位于句中、「不过由于月5But themoor gavefar too much light,I didntda eopenawindow.亮太亮了，我不敢打开窗子「常常与或形容词的比较级连用，意为“过于；……得多”fa t二恐©Im afraidthis busis fartoo crowdedthan that one.much toocrowded怕这辆班车比那辆拥挤得多®The necklacewas farmore expensivethan Iexpected.=much moreexpensive项链比我预料的昂贵得多注意之后接形容词或副词，困难得多之后接不可数much toomuch toodifficult toomuch名词，太多的水toomuchwater、6Another timemonths ago,I happened to beupstairs oreevening when thewindowwas open.有一次，就在几种月前的一天晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的碰巧；碰巧；偶尔做某事happen to do
①我回家的时候，妈妈When Icame backhome mymother happenedto beasleep.碰巧在睡觉
②The policehappenedtonotice himwhenthethief wasjust aboutto runaway.小偷正要逃跑，这时刚好警察瞧见了®My birthdayis threedays away.=My birthdayis threedays off.=My birthdayisinthree daystime.再过三天就是我的生日
②（）The newhouse that he hasjust boughtis aboutthree milesaway.（）=The newhouse thathe hasjust boughtis aboutthree milesoff.他新买的房子大概在三公里以外注意和的区别，与详细数字连用时，要用不能用be…away befar awaybe...away,be faraway
①My hometownis faraway from here.我的家乡离这儿很远
②My hometownis50kilometersawayfromhere.我的家乡离这儿有公里远
50、4We wereput ira positionir whichwe hadeither toaccept wewere lessimportant,「ofightthe government.我们被置于这样一种境地要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争形容词（副词）原级是形容词（副词）比较级的一种，表达前者不如后者“less++than”
①This buildingis lesstall than that one.这栋建筑物没有那一栋高比较:This buildingis taller thanthatone.This buildingismuchtallerthanthatone.
②This truckis runningless smoothlythan itused to be.这辆卡车例如此前跑得那样稳了、50rly thendid wedecide toanswer violencewith violence.只有在这时，我们才决定用暴力反对暴力这是一种倒装句一般句子是主语在前，动词在后，但在倒装句中，句子的构造是动词在前，主语在后（该语法项目安排在高二正式学习）修饰的副词、介词短语和状语从句放在句首加强语气时，常常用倒装句only
①Only yesterdaydid hisfather tellthe truth,which was a bigsurprise tohim.昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一种令人吃惊的消息
②Only bybike canyougetthere ontime.只有骑自行车你才能准时抵达那儿
③0nly whenyou come and joinus canwe winthe game.只有你参与，我们才能赢得这场比赛、6Since Iwas better educated,I got a jobworking iran office.由于我受过比很好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作是的比较级，英语中副词+过去分词的使用方法常常出现bettereducatedwell educated
①The middle-aged womanis alwayswell dressed.那位中年妇女一直打扮得很好
②The workersthere arebadly paid.那儿的工人待遇很差
③教室的桌椅摆放得很整The desksand chairsintheclassroom areorderly placed.洁语法定语从句由关系副词引导的定语从句见书本when,where,why P91练习
1.Elias hashad someproblems withhis messagesfor hisfriends.Can youhelpA.The mines@was the5thofAugust.
1.we
②B.The reasonwasbecause ofmyhardvoteda.wherC.The time
3.1joined thework.
③D.The ANCYouth were9kms frommyb.whengovernment Leaguehouse.c.why
④building
4.1gota job waslate atnight.
⑤E.The date
5.1arrived was very grand.him fromsentences with thefollowingwords andphrases.答案禾口禾口和
③、禾口禾口和
②、禾口和禾口
④、禾口禾A a2B c4Cb3D a口和
⑤、1禾口禾口禾口
①E b
52.Now Eliashas lostsomeofhis messages.Can youand yourpartner helphimby finishingthem forhim
①The daywhenIfirst heardNelsonMandelabecame thepresident ofSouthAfricawas avery excitingtime.
②「South Africais nowa countrywhere peopleof allaccs andcolors canlivetogether happily.
③This isthe governmentbuilding inwhich thetrial ofNelsonMandelawasheld in
1963.
④The personto whomyou shouldbe gratefulfor apeaceful South Africa isNelsonMandela重点词汇、1will/willing是形容词，“乐意的”意思，常用于短语意为“乐意干willing bewilling to do sth,某事在未来时态中是助动词，做情态动词时也有“乐意的”意思，但其后都接动词原形，will也可以接从句作名词是“意志，意志力”的意思will
①A willingworker iswilling to do anything.一种自愿劳动者乐意干任何事©Are youwilling thathe shouldbe allowedto join你乐意容许他参与吗？
③You canfollow usand jointhe gameif youwill.假设你乐意的话，可以和我们一道去玩游戏©Where there isawill,thereisa way.有志者，事竟成、失去信心2lose heart爱上某人；倾心于某人lose onesheart©Dont loseheart.Youll succeedsooner orlater.别丧失信心，你迟早会成功的
②When didyou loseyour heartto her=When didyou fall in love with her你是什么时候爰上她的？、提议（某人）做某事3advisesbto do sth=advise doingsth=give sbadvice onsth@Ourteachers oftenadvise us to domorereadinginourspare time.我们的老师常常提议我们在业余时间多读点书
②They adviseplanting moretrees inspring.他们提议在春季多植树
③她给我提了一条怎She gaveme apiece ofadvice onhow tolearnEnglishwell.样学好英语的提议、4continue to do sth=continue doingsth继续干某事
①The raincontinued twodays.雨接连下了两天
②尽管雨下得很大，They continuedtowork/working thoughit wasraining hard.但他们继续劳动“继续”尚有哪些体现法继续干此外一件事go onto do sth继续干同一件事go ondoingsth继续干同一件事go onwith sth继续要干的事go aheadwith sth、失业5out of work=out ofa job他母亲失业了，但在家很Her motheris out ofwork/ajob,but she isbusyathome.忙过时过时out offashion年久失修out ofdate out of repair失控out ofcontrol不能再用混舌out ofuse看不见out oforder Lout of sight脱离危险出于好心outofdanger outof kindness、6出于同情outofpity有关搭配他收到了一封请帖，但他没有接©He receivedan invitation,but hedidnt acceptit.受不愿去
②He receiveda lotof moneyfromhisparents,but hedidnt acceptit becausehewanted tolive onhis own.他收到了他父母的一大笔钱，但他没有接受，由于他想自食其力
③接受某人的提议接受某人的礼品accept onesadvice acceptones gift、与某人平等在某方面平等7be equal to sb be equal in©Women ofChina areequaltomen.在中国男女平等
②They arentequalineverything thoughthey arewell paid.尽管他们待遇不错，但不是在各个方面与他人平等
③没有什么快活的事比得Few pleasurescan equalthat ofa cooldrink ona hotday.上在炎热天喝一杯冷饮在此为及物动词，“与……平等”的意思equal、8fear sbor sth=be afraid of sbor sth胆怯某人或某事fear to dosth=be afraidto dosth胆怯干某事，不敢做某事®Child ashe is,he fearsnothing.=Child ashe is,heis afraidofnothing.尽管是个小孩，但他什么也不怕
②The girlfears to speak in public.=The girlisafraidto speak in public.=The girldare notspeakinpublic.=The girldoesnt daretospeakinpublic.=The girldoesnt speakin fearofthepublic.这个女孩不敢在大庭广众之下发言、「「7The dak,ainy evening,the wind,the thunderingclouds heldme entirelyintheir power.It was the firsttime ina yearandahalf thatId seenthe nightfaceto face.漆黑的夜晚，狂风暴雨，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了，这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚某人第一/二/最终一次做某事，在Its thefirst/second/last time...that...这个句型中之后的时态常用完毕时态that
①Its thesecond time thatIhave visitedyour company.我是第二次来拜访你们企业
①If you dont usethe dictionary,put itaway.假如不用字典，就把它放好
②He brokethe lawandwasputaway.他犯法了，因此被关起来了语法间接引语、技巧点拨1间接引语同宾从，“四变”“一加”记心中直接引语变为间接引语时，要记住“四变”“一加”一变人称、二变语序、三变时态、四变指示代词或时间状语；一般疑问句变为间接引语时，要加连词或if whether.、练习:2运用以上技巧做练习
①“I dont knowthe address ofmy new home,Said Anne.Anne saidthat shedidrVt knowtheaddressof hernewhome.
②MAre youvery hot with so many clothes on Mumsaid to her.「Mum askedher if/whethe she wasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.
③“I didsome homeworkyesterday,Tom said.Tom saidthathehaddonesome homeworkthe daybefore.
④“We aregoing toseeafilmthisevening,Mary saidtoherroommates lastSunday.「Mary saidthat theyweegoing toseeafilm thatevening.
⑤“What didyoudolast SundayTFather asked me.Father asked me whatIhaddon theSunday before.
⑥“Will youcome herenext MondayVmyfriend askedme.「My friendaskedmeif/whethe Iwould gothere thenext Monday.变化规律见书本P88重点词汇、1add,add...to,add to,add up,add upto
②加起来；加起来总共是副词，是介词，接宾语add upadd upto upto The number ofthestudents ofour schooladdsupto
3000.我们学校的学生数加起来共人3000These numbersmust beadded upas soonas possible.这些数字应尽快加起来、2upset vt.vi.adj.calm vt.vi.adj.concern vt.n.cheat vt.vin匕列表；”.名单；表格share vt.n.trust vt.n.point vt.n.list共同点这些词既可以作动词，又可以作名词或形容词
①Look,the cheatis cheatingatthegate ofthe park.看，那个骗子又在公园门口行骗
②这个信息使The newsquite upsethim andheisupset now.upset-upset-upset他心烦意乱，他目前很苦恼
③She isntcalm thoughwe triedto calmher againand again.她仍然安静不下来，尽管我们再三试图使她镇静
④他What hesaid doesntconcern me,but whatshe saidhas aconcern withme.说的与我毫无关系，但她讲的倒是牵涉到我
⑤他不是一种可以He isnta manto betrusted.At leastwe threedont trusthim.信赖的人，至少我们三个人都不相信他@ril takebear myshare ofthe expenses.That is,Ill sharewithyouin theexpenses.我将承担我那部分费用，也就是说，我和你分担这些费用、不得不；必须3have gotto A.E=haveto有have gotA.E=have
①因客观条件，自己不得不干某事The trainis leaving.We haveto/have gotto hurry.火车就要出发了我们必须快点
②「「他人规定，外界规定某人干某事火车就要出The trainis leaving.You musthu y.发了你们必须快点©Im quitehungry now.Have youanything to eat=\m quitehungry now.Have yougot anythingto eat=\m quitehungry now.Do youhave anythingtoeat我饿坏了，有什么吃的吗？、4go through
①仔细阅读或研究、审查to examinecarefullyI went through thestudents paperslast night.昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的作业
②经历；被通过；遭受或忍受to experience你You reallydontknowwhat wewentthroughwhile workingon thisproject.确实不懂得我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦
③The billdidnt gothrough.这议案未被通过、为了为了不5in ordertodo in ordernot todo为了为了不so astodoso asnot todo这两个短语都在句子中作状语，意思相似，但只能位于句中,so astodo/so asnot todoin「「「「句中或句首均可o detodo/ino de not todo©She studies very hardso asto/in orderto catch up withothers.=ln orderto catchup withothers shestudiesveryhard.她努力学习，为的是赶上他人转换She studiesveryhardsothat/inorderthatshecan catchup withothers.
②Inordernottomiss thelecture,we gotup veryearly.为了不错过那场汇报，我们起的很早、6with thepurpose of=forthepurpose of为的是，为了……目的故意，特意的on purpose=purposely
①Did youcome toLondon for/with thepurpose ofseeing yourfamily orforbusinesspurposes你到伦敦来看望你的家人还是办事？@\didnt hurtyou on purpose.Could forgiveme=1didnt hurtyou onpurposely.Could forgiveme我不是故意伤害你的你能原谅我吗？（）31came hereonpurpose/purposely tosee you.我专程到这儿来看你面对面（状语）7face to face面对面的（定闾face-to-faceface to face=bead to beadface-to-face=bead-to-beadI really want to have aword with her face toface.=1reallywanttohave a face-to-face wordwithher.我确实想和她面对面谈一谈、爱上某人（动态）8fall in love with sb爱上某人（状态）be inlove with前者不能和表达时间的等词语连用for,since,till,until,how long
①The girlfell inlovewitha foreignerlast week.这女孩上星期爱上了一种外国人（动态）
②The girlhas beeninlovewithaforeigner fora week.这女孩和一种外国人相爰已经一种星期了同类短语（试比较）动态状态catchupwith sbkeep upwith sbgetin touch withsbkeep intouchwithsbget intotrouble bein troublegetmarried tosbbemarried tosb练习用括号里的词语翻译句子.她的成功增添了我们的喜悦1addto「He successhas addedto ourhappiness..李东爱上了短篇小说2fallinloveLi Donghas falleninlovewith stories..我得把昨天的报纸仔细读读3have gotto,go throughIhave gottogothrough yesterdaysnewspapers..你应当和她面对面谈谈4facetoface「You shouldhaveatalk withhe facetoface..为了出国，他拼命盈利5with thepurpose ofHetries hisbest toearn moneywith thepurpose ofgoing abroad.Unit2English aroundthe world课堂笔记、多于；不仅1more than不多于not more than仅仅no morethan少于less than不少于not less than
①Did youknow thereis morethan onekind ofEnglish inthe world你懂得世界上的英语不只一种吗？©Im afraidshe islessthaneighteen this year.恐怕她今年不到岁18©There arenot morethan fifty-four studentsin eachclass.每个班上的学生不多于人54©Her sisteris nomorethaneleven oldthisyear.她妹妹今年仅仅只有岁
②This actorplayed aleading part/role inthis film.这个演员在那部电影中担任主角
①Tom gotup earlierthis morningthan everbefore.汤姆今天比以往任何时候都起来得早
②Most ofus studyEnglish muchharder thanbefore/ever/usual.我们大多数人学英语比此前用功多了、介词，“由于”的意思，其后接名词、代词或短语等，不能接句子连词，4because ofbecause也是“由于”的意思，其后要接句子.
①The boydidnt come to school yesterday because hewas ill.
②The boydidnt come toschool yesterday because ofhis illness.、“大量的，诸多的”意思，修饰可数名词，其后谓语要用复数；…5anumberofthenumberof的数量（数目），谓语要用单数
①A numberof foreignersaregoingto ourschool.诸多外国人要到我们学校来
②Thenumberofthestudentsofourschoolis
2500.我们学校的学生总数是人
2500、上来，过来；生长出；出现，发生6come up
①Will youcome upto Beijingnext month你下个月能到北京来吗？
②They gotup earlyto watchthe suncome up.他们早起，为的是看日出©Spring hascome andthe grassis beginningto comeup.春天到了，草开始长出地面、这三个词语均有“例如”的意思，「在句首时，背7such as,like,for examplefo example面用逗号隔开，在句中时前后都用逗号隔开；和用于句中，之后不能用逗号隔开such aslike®English isalso spokenin manyother countries,such asSouthAfrica,Singaporeand Malaysia.其他某些国家也讲英语，例如南非、新加坡和马来西亚（此处的可换为）such aslike
②He likessports verymuch,for example,swimming andskating.他非常喜欢体育运动，例如游泳和滑冰、（名词）下命令；8give a command=give orders（动词）命令某人做某事command sbtodosth=order sbtodosth
①The soldiersstarted outas soonasthe officer gaveacommand.军官一下命令战士们就出发了
②The officercommanded/ordered thesoldiers toset outatonce.语法祈使句、比较1Not politePolite VerypoliteOpen thePlease openthe window!Would youplease openthewindow!Turn offPlease turnoff theTV!windowthe TV!Would youplease turnoff theTV军官命令战士们立即出发、点拨（间接引语中祈使句的固定搭配）2
①告诉某人做某事tell sbtodosth告诉某人不要做某事tell sb nottodosth告诉某人千万别做某事tell sb never todosth
②请某人做某事请某人不要做某事ask sbtodosth asksbnottodosth asksbnever to请某人千万别做某事dosth
③命令某人做某事order7command sbtodosth、练习:3
①“Look atthe blackboard,boys!”said the teacher.T:What didtheteachersayS:The teacher told theboys tolook atthe blackboard.
②Dont throwthe wastepaper everywhere,children!said the man.T:What didthemansayS:The mantold thechildren notto throwthe wastepaper everywhere.
③“Stand in line,please!She saidto the guests.T:What didshe saytotheguestsS:She askedthegueststo standinline.
④“Never be late for class again,Li Dong.Said Mr.Black TWhat didMr.Black sayto Li DongS:Mr.Black toldLiDongnevertobelateforclassagain.
⑤“Put outthe fire as soonas possible,young boys!commanded theofficer.T:What didtheofficercommandedS:The officercommanded theyoung boysto putoutthefireassoon aspossible.重点词汇包括、包括（目前分词）（过去分词）L includeincluding includedThere areseven people我们家共个人，其中包括我叔叔（in myfamily,which includesmy uncle.7include指整体中包括部分）=There areseven peoplein myfamily,including my uncle.=There areseven peoplein myfamily,myuncleincluded.=There areseven peoplein myfamily,and myuncle isincluded.、由于2because,because of是连词，背面接句子，是短语介词，背面接名词或代词because becauseof@Our managerdidnt attend our party becausehewasbusy.由于忙，经理没有参与我们的集会=Our managerdidntattendourpartybecauseofbusyness.
②由于生病，杰克昨天没上Jack didntcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.学=Jack didntcometoschoolyesterdaybecauseofhisillness.如下短语介词相称于的使用方法，后来会逐渐接触到becauseofthanks to,owing to,due to,asaresult of,on accountof、实际上3actually=in fact=in reality=asamatter offact=in effectHe pretendedto berich.Actually,he haslittle money.他假装很富有，其实他没有什么钱=He pretendedtoberich.In fact,he haslittle money.=He pretendedtoberich.In reality,he haslittle money.=He pretendedtoberich.As amatter offact,hehaslittle money.、目前的；出席的，到场的4present adj.目at presentfii=presently=now易混点因意思不一样，在句中的位置也不一样样present
①Most peopleare satisfiedwiththepresent government.大多数人对本届政府感到满意
②All thepeople presentagreed toour plan.所有出席的人都赞成我们的计划
③At present,many peopleenjoy sportsin theirsparetime.目前，诸多人喜欢在业余时间锻炼身体注意出席的，参与的，放在被修饰的名词后边除此之外，〃・礼品present presentpresent赠送（注意读音不一样）vt.He presentedmeapresent atmy birthdayparty.、5command sbtodosth/order sbtodosth命令某人做某事和均具有“命令”的含义，使用方法大体相似，两者均指正式下命令，command order并且这种命令具有绝对权威性，不得违抗，必须服从不一样之处是，侧重用于command军事方面，而「「除可用于军事方面外，还可指一般的命令，并具有劝戒的意思试比较ode
①The generalcommanded/ordered hismen toattack thecity.将军命令其战士攻打都市
②The doctorhas orderedheramonths restin bed.医生要他躺一种月
③If youmake anymore noise,Ishallorder/command yououtofthe hall.要是你们还吵吵嚷嚷的，我就叫你们滚出大厅、6request,ask,beg,require这几种动词均有“祈求，规定”的意思，但有区别
①当“祈求”讲时，最通俗，最口语化askI askedher toshut thewindow.我请她把窗户关上
②也是“祈求”的意思，但重要用于庄严的发言和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被动request语态Passengers arekindly requestednottosmoke inthe car.乘客请勿在车厢（或汽车内）抽烟
③是“乞求”的意思，态度很谦恭规定他人予以较大的协助begHe knewhehadhurt herand beggedhertoforgive him.他自知伤了她的心而恳求她原谅是上对下，长辈对子女或依法进行的某种规定©requireBefore thematch thepolice requiredustoshow ourtickets.。
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