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自考英语翻译技巧四英汉互译时的词性转换I•英语的名词转译成汉语的动词英汉两种语言具有不一样的辞语构造在汉语里,一种句子可以有多种动词并排使用,不管有多少动词,都可以按照先后的次序一种一种地排下去;而英语则是一门静止的语言,在同等条件下,选择用名词的状况居多数,例如
1.在名词转译成动词的句子中a.My shockand embarrassmentat findingMother intearson Wednesdaywas aperfect indexof howlittle Iunderstood thepressures onher(我星期三发现妈妈在流眼泪而感到震惊、尴尬,这就表明我对妈妈所承受的压力懂得的多么少)在这个句子当中,shock,embarrassment,index等等都是英语趋向于用名词而不用动词的最佳例子b.Because theytremble at the thoughtof beingseen inpublic inclothes thatareout of fashion andthey arealways takenadvantage ofby thedesigners andthe bigstores.(他们一想到在公共场穿不时髦的衣服,就感到浑身不自在,而某些商店和设计师们正是运用了他们的这种弱点)c.As aboy andthen as an adult,I neverlost mywonder atthe personalitythat wasEinstein.(不管是在儿时还是长大后来,我一直都对爱因斯坦的人格感到很好奇)d.Most ofmy friendslive inthe city,yet theyalways tointo rapturesatthemeremention of the country.(我的大多数朋友都住在城里,然而,他们只要一提起乡村就欣喜若狂)e.The availabilityof informationon theINTERNET,for example,widens thepossibilitiesof informaleducation immensely.(例如,由于人们能在INTERNET网上可以得到信息,这就大大扩大了获得非正规教育的也许性)f.在某些特定构造中,如介词+名词二副词a.It iswise ofhim todeal with the delicateproblemwith careand withcalmness.(他很明智,在处理这一敏感问题时及尽仔细和谨慎)b.Einstein watchedit indelight,trying todeduce theoperating principle.(爱因斯坦很欣喜地看着它,想推断出其中的操作原理)c.The soldierstared insurprise atthe oldfarmer andthe girl.(刃H个士兵很震惊地看着那个老农夫和女孩)d.The oldman lookedclosely atthe rowof puddingswith greatinterest(老人很感爱好地仔细打量起一排布丁)
3.由形容词变成的名词此类词一般都是表达一类人,如the poor/oppressed/exploited
6.在某些特定的词组中或格式中也趋向于用名词a.be of(great)significance/(little)use/(no)value/(some)help/(vital)importance(很故意义的)/很有用的)/很有价值)/(很有协助)/(很重要)b.My suggestion/motion/recommendation/ideais thathe(should)go there我提议(想,提议,认为,主张)他去7•在某些表到达果的特定词组中如be shockedinto stillness(惊呆了)those peoplewho toilto death(累得要命的人)bore somebodyto death(枯燥得要死)be worriedto death.(紧张得要命)
8.英语的句子构造紧凑,汉语里一种有主语有谓语可以独立的分句,译成英语也许就变成了一种名词词组,这就更阐明了英语的名词性特性a.The outbreakofthe civil wartotally damagedhis splendiddream ofcontributingwhat hehad forhis country.(战争爆发彻底破坏了他那为国奉献一切的梦想)b.The trainwas delayedby theheavy snowfall.(火车由于积雪而晚点)II.英语的动词构造反过来转译成汉语的名词某些由名词派生的表达意愿、情绪等的动词,在翻译成汉语时往往还将其返回来译成名词
1.This courseis intendedto provideaid tothosewomen who,for thisreason orthat,fail toget theopportunity toreceive education.(这门课的目的就是给那些由于种种原因没有机会上学妇女们提供协助)
2.A well-dressed man,who lookedand talkedlike amillionaire,turned outto penniless.(那个穿着讲究,外表和谈吐都象百万富翁的人却身无分文)
3.Gordon Allport,an Americanpsychologist,found nearly18,000English wordscharacterizingdifferences inpeoplesbehavior.(美国的心理学家高顿爱尔波特发既有一万个英语单词可以用来体现人们行为的不一样特性)III.名词转移成形容词
1.The speechpresented bythe visitingscholar leftconsiderableexcitement inhis mind(那位到访学者的演讲着实让他感到很激动)
2.The roomis smallbut verycozy andhis satisfactioncan beread fromhis face.(这间房间很小但很舒适,从他脸上一眼就可看出他很满意)IV.其他词汇的转译措施
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