2025年人教版八年级英语下册学习笔记精华版

八年级下册英语重点笔记Do youthink（插入成分）+宾语从句（陈说句序）Unitl Willpeople haverobots注意回答以宾语从句为主-Do youthink there will berobots in peoples homes-Yes,there will./No,therewillnot..home（副词、名词）家;家乡，家乡use使用;（临时）借用in peopleshomes=inpeoplesfamilies在人们的家里（名词）borrow借进（瞬间）（from）go home回家（副词）get home到家（副词）[不能接to]lend出借（瞬间）（to）rent租用house房屋，住宅let出租family家庭（强调整体单数；强调家庭组员复数）His familyare goingto Wuhan.keep保留;借用（持续多久）live to be+基数词+years old活到…岁on TV通过电视；在电视里live on sth/sb靠…为生on thephone通过电视；在电话中on thelive on+楼层住在，••层live on the tenthfloorradio通过电视；在收音机里on thelive by sth/doing sth靠某方式或手段谋生internet通过电视；在网上on computerlivein+地点居住某地通过计算机；用计算机every每一的（adj,三个以上，且强调整体）Every studentshas apen.（所有的）every day每一天（前不加介词）each每一的（adj二个以上，且强调个体）;每一种（代词）Each childgets a present.（每一种）on eachsideof the road在公路每一边.[on bothsides of the road在公路两边][on eitherside of theroad在公路任何一边]Each ofus has a ticket.注意

①every前可用nearly、almost等副词饰，但each不能.

②every与not连用表部分否认，但each不能连用，部分否认用not everyone/not everyone,所有否认用no one.be usedfor/to do被用来做The knifeis used to cutapples.=The knifeis usedfor cuttingapples.get/be usedto doing习,惯于My grandpais usedto goingfor awalk afterdinner.usedto do sth过去常常做（目前不做了）I usedto swimin thelake nearmy villagewhen I was young.make use of运用Make gooduseof your timein class.use up用光By thistime hehad usedup allhis savings.every,some,any,no者K可和thing,one,body合成不定彳弋词，作主语、宾语和表语Everything isready now.（一切都准备好了）Everyone/Everybody ishere.（大家都来了）Nothing isimpossible.（一切皆有也许）不定代词被形容词饰，形容词后亶There isnothing serious.（没有什么要紧的）free免费的；空闲的Children underfive arefree onbuses.OAre youfree tonightpaper纸张（不可数）；论文，试卷，报纸（可数）a piece/sheet ofpaper一张纸◊two pieces/sheets ofpaper两张纸Please handin yourpapers.sth happensto sb某人发生了某事An accidenthappened toKate.sb happensto do sth某人碰巧做某事The writerhappened to be herclassmate.那作家碰巧是她同学happen（客观事物偶尔）发生What happenedto himtakeplace（历史事件或会议发生,化学物理变化预料或计划）发生The partytook placeyesterday evening.accident（意外）事故，偶发事件by accident偶尔,碰巧=by chanceevent（重大历史事件，平常生活较重要事情，体育赛事重大项目）事件a interestingevent istaking place.at thedoctors在诊所|in hospital住院in thehospital在医院里at thebutchers在肉店|go tohospital=go to see a doctor去看号声at theGreens9在格林家里|enter hospital=go tohospital入院at thedentists在牙医诊所|be out of hospital=leave hospital出院■一・■■■■■一■■・■■一■・・■一■一■■・■一■■■一・・・一■■・—・一■・■・■■■・・■■・_・・一■・一・■・」■・一■■■Lkill杀死murder（隐蔽蓄意）谋杀die（中性、正常）死亡［不及物］hear听见I heardhim singingat that time.hear of二hear about听说过，提及I heardof him but I dont knowhim.hear fromsb收到某某来信I heardfrom himyesterday.in silence无言地；沉默地in danger处在危险之中in trouble处在困境之中in goodhealth身体状况好mean doing意思是；意味着The fightof ShenZhou VIIhas great meaning toChinese.Missing thetrain meanswaiting for another hour.mean to doing打算；意欲I meanto go tomorrow.What doyou meanby…你说…的话是什么意思What doyou meanby VIP”not all=all•••not并非所有的…［部分否认］（every,everyone,both,everything）Not all the boyslike football.ONot everyonecan be a writer.none,neither,nor,no one,nothing［所有否认］None ofthd studentslike football.in表达某年、月、季节或泛指一天某段时间in springinOthe morningon表达详细某天及某天的上午、下午或晚上on FridayOonFriday nightOon the morningof May1at表达时间点或较短时期at8:00◊at noon在中午be mad at对・♦•生气The oldman ismadat the youngman.Unit4He saidI washard-working.be mad about对・•,着迷Jack ismadaboutmusic.not any more=no more不再（数量、程度）［非延续］He doesntlive here anymore=He no more.live hereTnomorehave moneyto giveyou.not any longer=no longer不再（时间、动作）［延续］He can9t walkanylonger.I nolonger livein thecity.bring带来，拿来（to）Ill bringKate to the party.Please bringme somewater.take带走Please takeyour dictionarythere.get（去）拿来The womangets herchild from the school.carry搬，带（无方向性）He wascarrying abox at thattime.first第一You gofirst,and Illfollow.first ofall首先First ofall,you shouldwash thefruits.at first起初（强调起初，暗示事情发生变化）At first,I foundit wasdifficult tounderstand him.pass传递、传送；通过（考试）pass sbsth=pass sthto sbOHe passedthe exam.pass throught/by通过，穿过They passedthrough theforest.pass on继续传递When hegot themessage,he passedit onto others.have a message for sb有某人一种口信give sba message给某人一种口信take amessage for sb为某人捎个口信leave amessage for sb给某人留个口信message□信I wentamessageto himwith mymobile yesterday.news报道的新闻事件There aresome interestingpieces ofnews in the newspaper.information（学习观测调查等方式得到的）信息We canget moreinformation fromthe Internet.be supposedto do sth被规定做某事，应当做某事You arenot supposedto talkloudly in class.suppose+宾语从句假定，猜测Lets suppose（that）the newsis true.suppose/think/believe等后跟宾语从句时，主句的主语为第一人称，反义疑问句宾语从句一致I supposeshe isserious,isnt sheOHe thinkI lookslike his father,does hesuppose疑问句简略回答Yes,I suppose so.ONo,I supposenot或No,I doiTtsupposeso.Do yousuppose hewill come-No,I supposenot/dont supposeso.直接引语变间接痫:［去掉引号加that,一般疑问加if,动词改为ask,特殊疑问变陈说，丢助动词，句未用句号］

①人称变化主语看一人称，宾语看二人称，不变三人称She said“My brotherwants to go withme tomorrow.——She saidthat herbrother wantedtogo with herthe nextday.Jack saidto me,You lookworried today.”-Jack toldme thatI lookedworried that day.The teacherasked,“Has sheread enoughthis week”The teacherasked ifshe hadread enoughthat week.

②时态时态向后退一步一般目前变过去，过去完毕时不变

③指代、时状、地状、动词this-that these——those now——then today——thatdayyesterday——the daybeforetomorrow——the next/following dayago---before here——there come——goHe said,“Did yousee himlast night.“一He asked（me）if/whether I had seenhim thenight before.（）“What can Ido for you”he askedme.—He askedme what he coulddofor me.注意不变规则客观真理，确切过去时间状语，常常发生习惯性动作，引述事实He saidto us「The earthis round.---He toldus that the earthis round.He said,“I wasborn in

1989.——He saidhe wasborn in

1989.She said,“I alwaysget up early in the morning.——She saidthat shealways getsup earlyin themorning.John said,“My uncle is adoctor.——John saidthat hisuncleis adoctor.be good at擅长于He isgoodatFrench.do well in详细某次事情干得好He doeswellindrawing,[do better in在方面做得更好]be good for对,-,有益处Doing eyeexercises every day isgoodforyour eyes.be badfor对…有害处be good to对…友好=be kind/friendly/nice to He isgoodtokids.Hows itgoing一切还好吗？◊Hows everything（going）OHow areyou回答Very well!很好◊Not toobad.不太坏◊Just so-so.马马虎虎hope to do（未来愿望也许实现）hope for sth hopethat wishto do（但愿祝愿也许实现不了）从句wish sbto dowishfor sthwishsb/sthwish that从句be in good/bad/poor health健康/不健康ke叩ingoodhave ahard timewith sth费事health保持健康keep（stay）healthy保持健康have ahard time（in）doing sthhave a difficulttimehave problems,have trouble,have difficultythesemester=the term学期luck幸运——lucky幸运的——luckily幸运地copy抄写（动词）;复制份，一份（名词）Did youget yourcopy ofChina Dailyget over克服；恢复；原谅Can youget overthat problemreal客观真实存在，非虚构true与事实相符，合情合理，非虚假disappointing（物）令人失望的disappointed（人）感到失望的if、whether表“与否”时只能用whether,不能用if的情形©whether---or notIt does not matterwhether hewill comeor not.

②介词+whether Everythingdepends onwhetherwe have enough money.©whether放句首Whether it is rightor wrong,I dontknow.©whether引导主语从句、表语从句I wonderwhether togo.habit（个人）习惯start abad habit形成坏习惯get thehabit ofdoing sth养成…习惯have ahabit ofdoing sth有做・,,习惯custom（社会、国家）风俗、习惯own自己的（形容词）；拥有（动词）Now manypeople owntheir owncars.change oneslife变化某人的人生change onesmind变化某人的主意change into=turn into变成change v.换衣服（药、座、钱）；n.零钱above在以上（不接触,不垂直,反义below）The planeflew abovethe clouds.over在正上方（不接触，正垂直上方，under）The lightis overmy head.on在上面（接触）There isan appleon thetable.ill有病的（作表语）;坏的,邪恶的（作定语）Ill newsflies fast.OHe isill.他病了川effects不良影响sick生病的;◊作呕的He issick witha cold.open up开拓，开发，展现I canopen upmy students9eyes to the outsideworld.care for照顾，关怀；喜欢She carefor herfather inhospital.care about在意，在意（否认或疑问句）I dontcare aboutmoney.take careof=look after照顾when,while,as soon as,before,after,until条件状语从句，主句谓动词是未来时，从句谓动词用目前同If youask,hell helpyou.O When I come here,L11nail yoiL_O11L tellhim ns.Mion.,as±m£et him._______i注意主句为祈使句，主句含情态动词时，WUnit5If yougo to the party,youUl have a greattime!IYou mustpay forit ifyou loseit.（）have a good time Ohave anexcellent timeOhave a wonderfultimeOhavegreat funOenjoy oneselfhavea goodjourney Ohavea goodweekend Ohaveagoodholidaylet sbin让某人进来take away拿走let sbdo sth让某人做某事（省to）take down取下，记下lefs do sth（提议对方）咱们一起做take out拿出let usdo sth（祈求容许）我们做take back收回half of+单数或不可数词+单数谓语Half ofthem arethere.half of+复数词+复数谓语Half ofthe hillis coveredwith snow.动词不定式语法make（a lotof）money赚（许多）钱To seeis to believe.眼见为实（作主语）make noise发出噪音I wantto be a footballplay er.（作宾语）make friends交朋友He askedme to comehereintime.（作宾补）［teach,want,tell,allow］make tea沏茶They lookedforaplace tostay.（后置定语）make aliving谋生My wishis to become afamous pianist.（作表语）make asentence造句He wokeup tofind everybodygone.（作状语）make afire生火Why not+动词原形+其他？=Why dontyou+动词原形+其他？LWhy notplay football with us=Why dontyou play footballwithus部分趋向性动词go,come,leave,airivastarLstay,return,movafly等目前进行表未来She isleaving heresoon.她很快将要离开They arecoming soon.他们很快就回来If假如（引导条件状语从句）If itdoesnt raintomorrow,Til climbthe hill.［主将从现］［主从可换位］If与否（引导宾语从句）He askedif［whether］we wanteda drink.［时态据实而定］［宾从位置不可前位］around the world=all overtheworld在世界各地be famous as以（身份、产地）出名Einstein wasfamousas a greatscientist.The areais famousasagreen teaproducing place.be famous for以（知识、技能、特性、特产）出名Einstein wasfamousforhis Theoryof Relativity.The areais famousfor itsgreen tea.!become成为（状态变化、变化持续性，身份职位变化）He became a teacher.I get变成（逐渐变化状态，天气时间身体情绪等变化,多接形容词比较级）Things aregetting worse.!turn变成（颜色、性质、品质和状态变化，多接形名作表语，当名词作表语前不需加冠词）The leavesturn yellow.;grow生长（自然渐变）The boyis growingtaller andtaller.;go/come（系动词,go多指变坏，come多指变好）He wentmad.Her dreamscame true.J一_____一一_________一_____________一____一__________一___一___________________一____一一一______________________________________________\really确实，真正地Im reallybusy.!hard努力力，强烈地（副词）；难的，硬的，艰苦的（形容词）They allstudy hard.OThe problemis toohard.i bychance=by accident偶尔，碰巧take chance抓住机会;all the time一直，总是（不表反复频度）They aresinging allthetime.他们一直在唱歌!always总是（频度副词，强调动作反复）\atthattime在那时at times有时Qat the same time同步Qat alltimes总是，一直-----------------------------------◊!have difficulty（in）doing sth做某事有困难；have trouble（in）doing做某有麻烦\haveaproblem（in）doing sth做某事有问题;haveagood time（in）doing sth做某事很开心!have fun（in）doing sth做某事很开心spend sometime（in）doing sth花时间做某事i---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\too much太多（修饰不可数）Im afraidIll giveyou toomuch trouble.;too many太多（修饰可数）There artoo manybooks in the bookshop.I much too实在太You aremuchtookind to me.Olts muchtoo cold.OYou aredriving muchtoo-------------------!inclass在上课，在课堂上in theclass在班上；in future此后in thefuture未来有一日•go to school上学go to the school到学校去;go tobed就寝go to the bed向床走去!at table在桌旁吃饭at thetable在桌子旁边!in front of在（外部）前面in the front of在（内部）前面___________________________________________against（介词）反对（反义for）；逆着，顶着（风）；紧靠，倚在；be againstones will.Oagainst thewind逆风◊against thewall靠墙.一一一一一一一_一一一一__一一一一一一一一一—一一一一一一一一__一一一一一一一一一―一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一—一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一__一一一一一一一一―一watch out小心，当心=look out=take care=be careful______________________________________________!dangerous（对他人）有危害的The roadis dangerous.;in danger（自己）身处危险中He isin danger.（处境危险）He is dangerous.（危险人物）--------------------------:dangerous（对他人）有危害的The roadisdangerous.;in danger（自己）身处危险中He isin danger.（处境危险）He isdangerous.（危险人物）!out ofdanger脱离危险in orderto为了i---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;in orderto+do为了He got up earlyin orderto catch the bus.!in orderthat从句He gotupearlyin orderthat he could catchthe bus.so as toHe gotupearly soastocatchthebus.Unit6How longhave youbeen collectingshellsin+时段（未来时）He willget therein three days.after+过去时段/未来时点ril befree afterFriday.After threeyears hecame backto China.时段+later（副词）Iwill see you later,［after two hours=twohourslater］live居住He livesat homepleasantly.stay暂住Hell stayatthehotel for two days.few fewer（较少的）+［可数复数］little川ess（较少的）+［不可数］many fmore（较多的）+［可数复数］muchf more（较多的）+［不可数］agree tosth同意（计划、措施、提议、条件）He agree totheplan.agreeto do sth同意做某事I agreeto meethim tomorrow.agree with sb/意见/见解I dontagree withhim/whathesaid.agree on/upon就获得一致We agreeon theplan.agree with sth适合（事物、气候、话语）The fooddoesnot agree withme.before过去起点时段前（完毕时）He saidthat hisparents haddied ten years before.ago目前起点时段前（过去时）Two dayago,I wenttoseehim.一般未来时will/shall+do rilcome andsee younext year.There will be+名词=There is/are goingtobe将会有There willbea football match this afternoon.There isgoing tobeafootballmatchthisafternoon.space太空（不可数）；空间（可数、不可数）The earthtravels aroundthe sunin space.Ospace station太空站Is thereanyroom/space for meroom房间（可数）；空间（不可数）Could youplease makeroom for meplace地方；地点（可数）Yueyang isa beautifulplace.fly

①乘、驾驶、放飞（vt.）I cantfly aplane.◊fly akite放风筝

②飞行；飞逝（vi.）ril flyto Londontomorrow.◊Time flies.时光飞逝布亚time flies.光阴似箭because［附属连词］We cant go outbecause the weather is terrible.because of［介词短语］We cant go outbecause ofthe terribleweather.注意so（因此）为并列连词，不可与because一起连用The weatheristerrible,so wecantgoout.fall in love with二be inlove with爱上He fellinlovewith herat firstsight.他对她一见钟情fall（掉下；跌倒；变为）一fell-fallen fallasleep入睡Q£@11ill生病◊fall into陷入◊fall off跌落down跌倒◊fallover摔倒◊fall behind落后feel（感觉；摸起来）一felt-feltas像…同样（连词+从句）；作为，以…身份（介词）He worksas othersdo.She workedasateacher fortenyears.like像・••同样（介词+名词）He spoketo herlike herfather.alone

①单独地（副词尸by oneselfIt istoo biga jobfor me to doalone.

②单独的（形容词）［客观实情］He wasalone in the house.

③仅仅（副词）You cantliveonbread alone.lonely孤单的［主观感受］;荒芜的He waslonely in a lonelyisland.住在荒芜的岛上，他感到很孤单even（甚至）如同much,so far,a little,a lot等词同样可饰形容词或副词比较级加强程度I cando iteven betterthan（）him he.keep喂养；保持；保留probablyperhaps|maybepossibly也许keep ondoingIt willprobably befine in the afternoon.keep sbdoing sthPerhapsyoure right.keep sb+adj.使某人保持某种状态Maybe rilseeyounext week.ke叩healthy保持健康He possiblyforgot it.keep quiet保持安静during在期间内Qin）[提问用When]He swimsevery dayduring/in thesummer,for（时间）长达[提问用How long]He stayedin Beijingfortwoyears.wear+服饰穿戴（状态）He iswearing apair ofglasses,dress+the keytothe door门钥匙sb/oneself穿（动作）Will youdress thechildrenbe dressedin+the answer（key）tothe question问题答案衣服（状态）The girllikes todress in black.put on+衣服（动作）a way（path,road）to通向…的路You shouldput onyour jacket.have on十月艮饰（状态）He hasabridge to通向…的桥梁on ablue coattoday.a trip（visit）to通向…之旅（be）in+衣服/颜色The boyinblackis mybrother.a ticketto aball game.一张球赛门票can（情态动词）能（目前、过去时）；祈求,容许I cansing.OCan/Could yougowithme be able to可以（多种时态）He willbe able to pass the exam.OI hopetobeabletogo toBeijing.one day有一天（过去、未来）I canbe successfulone day.some day总有一天（未来）Some/One day,ril findhim.the otherday几天前（过去）I cameacross myold classmatethe otherday.so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词Its sofine aday.such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词Its sucha fineday.so+many/much/little/few+名词so many/few flowersso much/little money.such niceflowers suchrapid progressforoneself独立地；为自己Do youhave anythingto sayfor yourselfbyoneself单独地；独自地He canlivebyhimself.to oneself私自的，为…所独有You mustfind itout for（by）yourself.He hada roomto himself.Osay to oneself自言自语，心里想in future从止匕后来二from nowon Youmust bemore carefulin future.in thefuture在未来Who knowswhat willhappen in the futuresthcome trueMy dreamhas cometrue.sb realizeI haverealize mydream.no one没有人（泛指人）[回答who]No one/Nobody toldyou togo.none（三者）没有人/物+of[回答how many/much]None ofthem came back.None ofthat moneyon thetable ismine.nothing没有什么（泛指物）[回答what]I knownothing aboutthat.see sbdo sth看见某人做（强调过程）I sawhim runon theplayground.see sbdoing sth看见某人正在做（强调动作进行）I sawhim runningwhen Ipassed by.类似感官动词有hear,watch,listen to,look at,feel等but不过（连词）You knowhimbutI dont.however可是（副词）It wasthe fact,However,he waswrong.while可是（连词）I wasreading whilehe waswatching.yet不过（连词）Ive failed,yet Tiltry again.数词+hundred+复数名词She hasfive hundredbooks.概数词+hundreds of+复数名词She hashundreds ofbooks.be like像什么样What isthe tealikelook like看起来像What doeshe looklike他长什么样？look the same看起来同样Lily andher sisterlook the same.help sbwith sth协助某人某事My motherhelps mewith myhomework.help sb（to）do sth协助某人做某事My motherhelps me（to）do myhomework.with oneshelp=with thehelp of sb在某人协助下try to do sth竭力做某事WeH tryto answerallthequestions.try doing sth尝试做某事We triedgrowing ourown vegetables.OTve triedthe newmachine.try onesbest to do sth=do onesbest to do sth尽某人最大努力做某事try on试穿117out试用，试验◊haveatry试试感观动词和使役动词后接省t不定式作宾补在被动句除let外，均要加to一感feel；二听hear,listen to；三让let,have,make；四看see,look at,watch,observe Thegreat newsmade herfeelhappy.OShe wasmade tofeel happyby thegreat news.I heardher sing in herroom.◊She washeard tosinginthe room.I lethim do it.OHe islet doit byme.It be+adj.+for sbto do sth|（对不定式动词描述）easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,dangerous.It be+adj.+ofsbto dosth|（对人性格品行评价）good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,polite,clever,wrong Itshard for metolearnEnglish well.Olts dangerousfor childrento swimintheriver.Its kind of youto sayso.◊Its cleverofyouto workout themaths problem.There be•••doing［主i胃关系］There aresome studentsplaying basketball.There be…to do［动宾关系］There ishard workto do.already已经（目前时、完毕时）［肯定句、句中位置］［疑问句表惊讶］He isalready back.We,ve alreadyhad the exam.OIs healready back他（真的）回来了？yet还，迄今（完毕时）［否认疑问句、句末位置］Have yougot ityet你明白了么？He hasntstarted yet.seem（tobe）+形容词/名词/介词/过去分词/动名词似乎The girlseems happytoday.seem to dosth彳以乎要He seemsto thinkso.seem like看起来像He seemslike adoctor.It seemstvhat/as if似乎It seemsthat he is sad=He seemstobesad.注意seem暗示判断靠近事实，look强调视觉印象keep out不让入内Keep thedog out!Unit2What shouldI dokeepoff让开，不靠近Keep offthe grass!请勿践踏草坪!keep awayfrom远离；保持距离Keep awayfromthedrugs.远离毒品play玩（动词）play computergames Oplaythe pianoOplay basketballOplay chess./card娱乐（不可数名词）Is ittime forplay戏剧，演出（可数名词）TV play电视剧loud大声的（形）；大声地（副）［人声:speak/talk/read/laugh/cry］He shouldntspeak soloud.loudly高声地（副）=loud［喧闹knock,ring］Someone knockedloudly atthedoor.aloud出声地think aloud自言自语◊read aloud朗诵Please readthe textaloud.enough

①足够的，充足的［作形饰名前后可］I don*haveenoughmoney.

②足够地，十分［作副饰形副后置］This T-shirt isexpensive enough.

③足够（代可数或不可数）I havehad enough.固定构造This isgood enoughforme.对我来说够好T OHecould earnenough tokeep afamily offour.be+adj.+enough todosth=too---to=so-••that He isnt oldenough togo toschool.=Heisso youngthat hecantgoto schoolargue with/against sb about sth为某事与某人争辩I oftenarguewithmy friendsabout theproblem,argue about/onsth争论某事There isno needarguing aboutthe matter.argue sbinto/out ofdoing sth说月艮某人做某事He arguedhis fatherout ofsmoking.discuss讨论Were goingto discussthequestion.out ofstyle过时的（反义in style、in fashion；近义out offashion）out ofjob/work失业◊out ofdanger脱离危险◊outofcontrol失去控制Whats wrongwith you怎么口拉？=Whats thematte/trouble withyouWhats your=troubleWhats upWhathappen to sb.maybe或许［副词、状语、实义动词前系助动词后］Maybe hecan arriveherea little late.may be或许［情态动词+be、谓语］He maybeastudent.call sbup=ring sbup二give sba（telephone）call=ring/telephone sb给某人打电话动词+副词（ouLup,down,off,away,in,on,over）［动副构造代词作宾语放中间，名词作宾语前后均可］get up起床◊put down放下◊fall off摔倒◊run away离开◊turn on打开◊turn off关闭get over克服◊workout算出You shouldcall himup.动词+介词（of,with,about,for,to,against）［动介构造宾语无论名代均放后］think of想起Oget onwith和…相处◊think about考虑到◊look for寻找◊listen to听surprise

①使惊奇（及物动词）His actionssurprised me.

②惊奇（名词）in surprise惊奇地◊toonessurprise使人惊奇的是To mysurprise,he passedthe exam.

③惊奇的（形容词）be surprisedtodosth Obe surprised atObesurprisedthat surprising令人惊奇的（修饰阐明物的特性，表积极）Its apiece ofsurprising news.surprised感到惊奇（主语为人，含被动）Vm surprisedat hiswords.sb payfor sth某人买某物I paidfor the book.sb paysb for sth某人买某物付款给某人I paidhim for the book.sb paymoney forsth某人付款买某物I paidfifteen yuanforthe book.buy sthfor sb/money为某人（花钱）买某物I boughtthe bookfor him.I boughtthebookfor fifteen yuan.sth cost（sb）money.某物花（某人）多少钱The bookcost mefifteen yuan.sb spend+time/money doing sth/onsthI spentfifteenyuanon thebook/buying thebook.It takessb timetodosth Ittakes methreedaystodothat,—also也（肯定句、实动前系助后）We alsoplayfootball.too也（肯定句、句末用逗号）His fatherisateacher,too.either也（否认句、句未用逗号）I dontlike thefood.He doesn9t,either.—buy sth（直宾）forsb（间宾）=buy sb（间宾）sth（直宾）He boughtapresentforme=He boughtmeapresent.将直宾置于间宾前时须加上to或for的及物动词[for]buy,draw,make[to]give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand,bring Illsend itto you.ask sbforsth向某人要某物ask sbsth=ask sbforsth问询某人某事ask sbnot todosth祈求某人（不要）做某事ask forsth规定得到某物〔ask forsb找某人———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————should情态动词，shall过去式但不表达过去的动作，语气更委婉，与其他情态动词同样，没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形We shouldreally goand visitthem soon.（Sn应当，应当）We shouldarrive beforedark.（推测应当,应当）Should Icall himand apologize（征询提议意愿）He askedme whattime heshould come.（间接引证shall过去式）—could情态动词，can过去式He saidthat hecouldnt come.（过去某一时间的能力）Could Iuse youphone,please（委婉问询祈求或提议，并不表过去）Dont worry.They couldhave justforgotten tocall.（推测也许性，用于过去、目前或未来及肯否疑多种句型）It can、be true.（推测目前也许性,只用于否认句或疑问句）the same同样They lookthesame.thesameas与…同样[反义be differentfrom]I likethesamemusic ashe（does）/him.tell sbabout sth告诉某人有关某事tell sbsth=tell sthto sb告诉某人某事[注意say不能直接接双宾，后接人时须接to sayto sbsth sayto sb+that从句]tell sb（not）todosth告诉某人（不要）做某事can/could/beableto tellA fromB辨另I」I canttell herfrom hersister.—find out查明（真相）find找到look for寻找something/anything/everything/someone/nothing/what/who/where+else别的Would youlike somethingelseother另ij的（被饰词前）Are thereany otherpeopleexcept除・••之夕卜（不算）I gotoschooleverydayexcept Saturdayand Sunday.but除，••之夕卜（不算）［none,no one,nobody,all,everything,everyone,who,what,where等后］注意except/but作介词时，前具有动词do,则背面接省to不定式，否则不省to.He doesnothing exceptwatch TVat homeon Sunday.besides除，••之夕卜（包括）He hasanother carbesides this.除了这辆车夕卜，他尚有一辆车upset（外界原因引起）不安的（at,about）He wasupset atthe news.sad（内因有关，感情悲伤）难过Iwassad tohear thatyoure sick.疑问词+to不定式I dontknow howtodoit next.=I dontknow howI candoitnext.I cantdecide whichwatch tobuy.=I cantdecicde whichwatch Ishould buy.leave遗忘，忘带（sth+地点）He lefthis bookintheclassroom.forget忘掉（+sth/doingsth/todosth）I forgotto takethebook.I leftit atyour home.lose丢失（物品）I lostmy pen.miss错过（某物）He maymiss thetrain.fail sth做某事失败He failedthe exam.fail in（doing）sth做某事失败He failedintheexam.［不能说He didntpasstheexam.］fail todosth不能做某事He failedto passtheexam.get on/along wellwithsb与某人相处融洽get onalong wellwithsth某事进展顺利get on上车（bus,train,ship,plane较大交通工具）［反义get off］The oldman goton thebus slowly.get into上车（car,taxi较小交通工具）［反义get outof］He gotinto thecar tothe station.get on上车（bus,train较大交通工具）［反义get off］The oldman goton thebus slowly.get into上车（car,taxi较小交通工具）［反义get outof］Hegotinto thecar tothe station.return偿还（及物二give back）return sbsth=return sthto sbDont forget to returnme thekeys.return返回（不及物=80back）He returnedto Wuhana weekago.until（肯定句动作持续）直至U…为止He waiteduntil12:

00.until（否认句动作）直至U…开始He didntgotobed untilhisfathercame back.注意:till基本与until相似，但句首一般用until,固定搭配中from•••tillfrom hereto there从这儿到那儿from Fridayto Sunday从星期五到星期日from doorto door挨家挨户from morningto evening从早至U晚from timeto time有时,不时fit适合，合身及物,不及物Your clothesfit well.◊This coatfits youwell.be fitfor适合，胜任The bookis fitfor children.suit合适需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等Does thetime suityoumatch协调,匹配大小、色调、形状、性质等方面Rose9s clothesand hatdont match.as+形容词（名词）/副词+as possibleOas+形容词（名词）/副词+as onecan/couldYou oughtto restas much as possible.He ranas fastas possible/hecould.Unit3What wereyou doingwhen theUFO arrivedWewalked asmuchas50miles thatday.complain tosbabout/of sth向某人埋怨…Mothers arecomplaining ofhigh pricesof food.include包括动词The priceincludes bothhouse andfurniture.send sbsth二send sthtosb送，寄all kindsof多种各样的send for派人去请kindof有几分，有几点many kindssendoff寄出of许多种different kindsof不一样send up发送，发射种类的what kindof哪——种send away送走send back寄［IIincluding包括介词At least50persons werelost,including5children.compare with和-,,相比He nevercompare himselfwith others.compare to把・・・比作Life iscompared tovoyage.OPeople oftencompare thelife toa stage.find it+adj+forsb+todosth=Hnd that it beeasy+forsb+todosth［类似词有think］I findit easyformeto finishthe workin anhour.=I findthatit is easyformeto finishthe workin anhoura bit稍微,有点儿二a littleToday isa bithot.a bitof+不可数名词=a littleThere isonly alittle/a bitof foodleft forlunch.not a bit=not atbit——点也不He wasntabithungry1也——点也不饿notalittle=very much非常He wasntalittlehungry.他饿极了getto=arrive in at=reach vt.+名词抵达How canI gettothepost officeget/arrive/reach+副词here,there,home Whenwill youarrivein frontof在，••前面^before Thestudent satin frontof/before thestudents.inthefrontof在・・•前部There isa bigblackboard inthefrontoftheclassroom.get outof从・・•出来When Icame back,he isgetting outofthebedroom.cook烹调vt；厨师nIcan cookChinese food.OPeter isa cookinahotel,cooker炊具nwhile在…同步延续性、状态While wewere havingdinner,the telephonerang.时间段Could youlook aftermy dogwhile Imaway然而Ilike teawhile shelikes coffee.when当…时候延续性、瞬时性When wewere havingdinner,the telephonerang.时间段WhenIcamebackfrom school,I hada shortrest.时间点as一边…They talkedas theywalked.experience经历,体会（可数名词）I experiencedmany thingsonthetrip.Ihada veryunusual experienceon Sunday.experience经验（不可数名词）[of/in]He hasa lotof teachingexpeience.What goodweather itis today!=How goodtheweatheris!What abeautiful floweritis!=How beautifula floweritis!imagine（sb）doingsthOimagine sb/oneself+名词/分词/不定式Oimagine that/what从句imagine（凭空）猜测I cantimagine leavingall myfriends.◊1imagined thathe wasa bigtall man.guess（瞎）猜I guessyouve alreadyknownthe answer.suppose（依事实探索性）推测I supposeheislate again.follow跟随（在后）；听从；遵照;领会I shallfollow himtotheschool.follow onesadvice.听从某人意JEOfollow therules（law）遵守规章（法律）I cantfollow you我没领会你的意思following=next下述的amazed使（人）感到惊讶的Thats anamazing performance.amazing（事物）令人吃惊的He wasamazed atthe news.cry大叫,大哭（疼痛、恐惊、惊异、求救）The womancried outfor help.shout大喊（命令、警告、引起注意）Stop”,shouted thepoliceman.shout at向某人大喊大叫（不友好）Dont shoutatme.别冲我大喊大叫shout to向某人高声喊叫（距离远）He shouttometocomeover.他大声喊我过去shout for由于…而高喊police（集体名词）警察The policeare lookingfor him.[类似词family,class,people,group,team]policeman（个体名词）警察There aretwo policemenatthegate.ona/the tree（生长在树上的东西）在树上There aremany applesonthe tree.ina/thetree（非生长在树上的东西）在树上There isa birdinthetree.run out二use up用完His moneysoon ranout.run away逃跑The micewere runningaway whenthe catgot there.anywhere,somewhere,nowhere等有形容词修饰时,修饰词后置I willgo somewherebeautiful inChina.another（三个以上不定数目）另一种（泛指）other其他的（泛指）ene…the other（两个之中）另一种the other+复名词（特定范围内）其他的the others（特定范围内）其他的［背面不能再跟名词］some•••others（泛指）其他的outside在…外面（介词）；在外面（副词）They areoutside theclassroom.◊They areplaying outside,out外面（副词）Lets goout.finally=inthe end最终Finally hesucceeded.◊The situationwillbebetterintheend.at last（努力波折过程）终于At lastthey wontheir freedom.。