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被控制住必修三知识点汇总under controlModule1Europe重要短语because of由于thanks out of control失去控制to由于；多亏了due to/owing to由于as aresult ofin thecontrol of由…控制/管理/负责由于…的成果be coveredby/with be known losecontrol of对…失去控制for/as/to有多少人口have apopulation of用制成make Aout of B BA makeA intoB/be made渐渐地little bylittleof workon从事/做..・工作；忙于have...in commoninones thirtiescompareA with/and B比较A和B compare…to・・就长/短期而言in thelong/short term•把・・・比作・・・・comparedwith/to...与..・比较起来到达协议，和好come to terms=make termsbelongto increasereduceto/by使某人接受条件bring sb.toterms在离开海面的海岸上off the coast on the one与某人交情好/不好be ongood/bad termswith sb.首先/另首先/other handbe locatedin=lie in=be面临，面对be facedwith坐落于situated in自从/一直ever since…有…存在There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+^E在…对面,与…相反be oppositeto保持头脑清醒惊恐keep acool headlose oneshead恰恰相反just theopposite失措，失去理智朝着…前进head forintermsof根据/从・・・方面来说/从・・・的观点along陷入困难的状况get intoa difficult situationthe coast挣脱困难的状况get out of adifficultsituation参照/指的是/波及/合用于refer to挽回局势save thesituationhave controlover70f对..・有控制权face toface无法控制beyond control重要句型
1.It isone ofthe mostbeautiful citiesin theworld.形容词最高级+可数名词复数最之一one ofthe+
2.Portugal is to thewest ofSpain.
①表达位置:方向A is/lies in/on/to/off the++of B方向A islocated/situated in/on/to/off the++ofB
②位置+距离:距离++方向A is about+to the+ofB和表地理方位的区别in,on to表达在的范围内强调和两地接壤时，用在的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关1A B2A Bon.3A B系时用如我们学校在医院的西面to Ourschool is to thewest ofthe hospital.和
3.on thecoast offthecoast表达“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；表达“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”如on off表达倍数的四种句型
①引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词as,which,who
②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词重要有when,whereo非限定性定语从句注意不能用作为关系代词的两种状况that
①非限定性定语从句
②介词+关系代词引导whoOur guide,who was a FrenchCanadian,was anexcellent cook.弓|导whom关系代词用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句首whom引导which关系代词在非限制性定语从句，中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整which个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语引导when关系副词在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表达时间的词语when引导as引出非限定性定语从句时，替代整个主句，对其进行阐明但一般用于像as aswe allknow,as itis known,as isknownto all,as itis,as issaid above,as alwaysmentioned above,as isusual,as is often thecase,as isreported in the newspaper等句式中在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，as也可置于主句中间一般均由逗号将其与主句隔开有“正如……，就像……”之as后、O区别、引导的定语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，引导的定语从句可置于句中或句尾1as which、当背面有或过去分词”构成的被动语态时，动词或可省略2as“is was+be iswas、有时也可用作关系代词若在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首或句中但引导的非3as as which限制性定语从句只能放句中、有正如…同样、按照、正像、由于的意思，因此常用于肯定句，而则用于肯定，否认都可以4aswhich、在固定构造中使用例如5as thesame...asas...aso注意事项引导的非限定性定语从句是用来阐明前面整个句子的状况或主句的某一部分
1.which有时也可用作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，若在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，
2.as as as也可以放在句中但引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句中which例句As isreported inthe newspaper,some artistictreasures（艺术珍品）will beon showat theexhibition（展览品）onthe weekend.在非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能用和
3.that,thoseo非限定性定语从句从句区别.限定性定语从句从句不能省略，假如省略整个句子意思不完整1非限定性定语从句从句可以省略，假如省略整个句子意思仍然完整.限定性定语从句先行词可以用引导2that非限定性定语从句先行词不可以用引导that.限定性定语从句引导词有时可以省略3非限定性定语从句引导词不可以省略.限定性定语从句主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开4非限定性定语从句主句与从句需要用逗号隔开•限定性定语从句从句只修饰先行词5非限定性定语从句从句既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分•限定性定语从句不能修饰一种事件6非限定性定语从句可以修饰一种事件这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的倍The factoryhas produced3times asmany carsas itdid lastyear.3语法规定一一般目前时和一般过去时的被动语态被动语态由及物动词的过去分词构成被动语态发生时态变化时只变形式，过去分词不变“be++by”be目前时被动语态+过去分词am/is/are过去时被动语态+过去分词was/were二主谓一致本单元重要强调第二个原则语法一致原则句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式注意⑴something,everybody,nobody,either,neither,each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数当主语背面跟有等时，谓语动2with,together with,along with,as wellas,like,including,except,rather than,but,词的单复数形式仍然耍与这些词语前面的主语保持一致表达时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数3非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式4例如Earlyto bedand earlyto riseis healthful.假如主语是由连接的两个单数名词，但前面有等词修饰时，谓语用单数例如5and each,every,noEvery boyand girlin thisregion istaught toread andwrite.谓语动词用单数的状况6many amore thanone...,Every...and every.../,no...and no.../each...and each...指同一人、事物或概念one anda half,a...or two,a/the…and…the numberof...a greatdeal of/a largeamount of.意义一致原则2某些集合名词，如等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而1family,enemy,class,population,army定当表达整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体组员时，用复数如由或引起的主语，而又不止是一种时，采用就近原则例如2there hereHereisapen,a fewenvelopes andsome paperfor you.邻近性原则连接两个名词或代词作主语时；由引导的
3.neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also,or there,here句子，并且主语不止一种时，谓语动词一般与邻近它的主语保持一致重要短语Module2agree tothe plansuggestion,proposal同意提议,安agree on/upon sth到达协议一致意见排.努力做某事make efforts/an effortto do sthmeasure sth in/by sth用・♦•来衡量spare noeffort不遗余力with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地.同意某人的观点或见解，适合agree with sb getbeencouragesb to do sth靠近，靠近，即将发生由于close toasaresult ofasa采用措施take measuresto do成果导致由…引起result resultin resultfrom充斥，满是be crowdedwithin/during thelast tenyears receivea goodeducation be互换willing to do sth.in exchangefor作比较achieve onesgoalmake comparisonsbe connectedwith高/低收入on ahigh/low income与•.住/忍受at the top of/at thebottom oflive with个人所得税income tax直到/到…为止/多达up towiththe developmentofmake progress进步be similarto与・・.相似在发展中under development算出/处理/理解/弄明白figure out月生任，适合于be up to=be fit for.与某人分享share sth.with sb共享share insth.预期寿命;平均寿命life expectancy重要句型l.be beimportant to sb.抽象名词该名词的同根形容词of+=be+eg.His adviceisofvalue tous.=valuable Thisdictionary isof greatuse.=usefulWhat hesaid isof importancefor you.=important直到
1.
1.tillp月生任up tosth tiefitforLi Pingis notup tohis job.be busyin goingsth忙着做…be upto sb=be leftto sbto decide由…决定/负责
3.sure表达“务必”，“确信”，弄明白”，背面常接.或引导的宾语从句1make sure of/about sththat你务必准时至这Make surethat you willarrive thereon time.UI knowtheres atrain thisafternoon,but Imust makesure ofthe time.对…有把握，对…确定,确信2be sure of,be sure thatCan webe sureof his honesty./Can webe surethat heishonestIm sureof winningthe game.说话人推测主语“一定；必然会”或常用于祈使句务必做某事3be sure to do他一定会很快回来千万别忘了He issure to be backsoon.Be surenot toforget it.注意与的区别be sureof besure to do
①.He issureofhis success.二He issurethat he willsucceed.他确信他会成功
②.He issuretosucceed.他一定会成功说话人的见解
③.Be sureto writeand tellme allyour news.务必来信把你所有状况都告诉我此外，常见的与有关的短语尚有有自信心，确实；确实地，果真，sure besureofoneself forsure sureenough果然用于口语，止匕时的相称于与“Sure.”“Of course.Certainly.”
4.From theagreement camethe HumanDevelopment Report.表达方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全倒装，即谓语动词完全置于主语之前孩子们冲了出去At thefoot ofthe mountainlies asmall village.Out rushedthe children.车来了Here comesthe bus.To thesouth ofour schoolstand manyshops.【部分倒装】
①only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放于句首
②否认副词等放于句首never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom
③so+adj/adv+倒装+that
1.Only when he returneddid wefind out the truthWe foundoutthe truth onlywhenhereturned.
2.Never beforehave Iseen such a moving film.I havenever seensuchamovingfilmbefore
3.So clearlydoes hespeak Englishthat hecan alwaysmake himselfunderstood.He speaksEnglish soclearly that〜
5.S.+be+adj.+to doeasy/good/safe/comfbrtable/dangerous/hard/difficult...
1.The wateris notpure todrink drink
2.He needsa chaircomfortable tosit on.sit
3.The youngman feltthe roomcold tolive inlive语法规定和的联络和区别but however作副词用时，表达“然而；不过”，可以位于句首、句中和句末；位于句首时，要用逗号与句子其他部however分隔开；位于句中时,其前后都要用逗号；位于句末时其前用逗号分开.与两者都做“不过，然而”讲，并且都引出并列句.从语义上看,所示的是非常明显的对比,转折however butbut的意味较要强.从语序上看,总是位于所引出的分句之首，而却可位于句首、句中和句末，however buthowever同步从标点符号上看,之后一般不得使用逗号，而则必须用逗号与句子其他部分分开.but howeverModule3重要短语from sideto sidepickup总共，合计in all迷茫at sea一点也不,别客气not atall失火/着火on averagenatural disastercatch fire毕竟,究竟after all倾泻而下放火烧pour downset fireto manageto首先，尤其是above alldo sth.首先put out熄灭report on报道.•・fall downfirstof allinruins严重受损，破败不堪come toan end结束，完结已成废墟消灭某人移交；翻转fall into ruin bringsb.toruinturn over抵达或来到某处以某事作end upend upwith sth.according to为结束end updoing sth.以做某事为结束take placeburyoneself insth.埋头于、专心致志于某事物be atotal of总数为buried in埋头于，专心致志于sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人想起某人忽然想到…it occursto sb.+that-clause某人忽然想到做某事it occurstosb.to do sth.在同一纬度on thesame latitude警告某人不干某事warn sb.notto dosth..警告某人当心某事warn sb.of sth引导状语从句
2.although重要句型我忽然想到一种好主意
1.A goodidea suddenlystruck me.介词详细部位打某人的某个部位strike sb.++the+打某人的背打某人的脸eg.strike himon theback hitsb inthe facepatsb onthe shoulder拍某人的肩膀be struckby被..•所打动，被・・・迷住【注意辨别】strike,hit,beat,knock钟）敲打，撞击，袭击表达有力的打一下strike,L持续地打，心脏的跳动，在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，也可表达殴打，体罚beat瞄准某物而击中也可表达“袭击”hit用拳头或硬的东西“敲、击、打knock
2.words meaningsoccur偶尔发生；忽然想起It occurredtosb.that....happen偶尔发生；碰巧It happenedthat.../sb.happen to dosth.break out（战争、火灾、疾病、争执）忽然爆发take place（有计划地）发生；举行
3.There was the possibilityof...It ispossible that...语法规定意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一种介词短语，在句中常常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句L by the time它的重要使用方法如下）.假如从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词一般用过去完毕时，表达“截止到从句动作1发生时，主句动作已经完毕，即过去的过去”By the time...did...,sb.had done sth.By thetime hereturned home,the rainhad stopped.）.假如从句中的谓语动词为一般目前时/或目前完毕时（表达未来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为未来完毕时，2表达“截止到未来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完毕”By thetime...do/does...,sb.will havedonesth.By thetime youget back,I shallhave finishedthe work.）.假如主句动作不强调已经完毕，只是阐明某个时候的状况，（主句是的系表形式或者是表达像3beknow,find,等表达认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完毕时态）此时主句不用完毕时，而应根据实际believe需要选用合适的时态，此时相称于例如bythetime when登上顶端时，他气喘吁吁He wasoutofbreath bythetimehe reachedthetop..过去完毕时的被动语态过去分词2had+.间接引语英语中常用两种方式引用他人的话一种是直接引述他人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；3另一种是用自己的话转述他人的话，叫间接引语假如把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般都要作对应的变化定语从句
3.Module4短重要插嘴cut in剪除;切掉;害掉cut out砍掉;消减cut down切碎;使难过cut up挖出dig up切断;停掉;隔绝cut of认识到/意识到walk upto被困在（风、雨、雪…）中be caughtin扫除/清除/冲走/刮走sweep awaytake赶上;品艮上catch upwith吸入（空气）；欺骗;体会;收容in give抓住，握住catch holdof分发;发出（气味、热气）；用尽out give看见catch sightof屈服;让步，投降送出;发出in giveoff带走take away（光等）赠送;放弃;泄漏;出give away脱下，拿掉，起飞take off卖have aneffect on...承担take on举起，开始做;占据take up群众，平民the masses放弃give up大体而论,总体上inthemass aweather向…诉苦/发牢骚complain tosb天气预报预forecast give/make aforecast埋怨某事complain about/of sthone after言，预报solve problems种接——种仔another——look through假如也许if possible细检查成为…的一部分be partof许多，大量masses of/a massofif any假如有的话if ever假如曾经有的话if necessary假如需要的话不这样的话if not假如是这样的话if so认真考虑think seriouslyaboutprevent/stop/keep...fromdoingbe concernedwith/in与・・•有关一言以蔽之in a nutshell/in aword/in briefin short就某事而言as faras sth.is concerned...对...关怀，紧张，忧虑be concernedfor/about/over重要句型似乎，仿佛/
1.appear to…It appearsthat...He isonly forty,but appears to bebe quiteold.1这女孩仿佛已经懂得了这件事It appearsto methatThe girlappearsto have knownknow it.2
③It appearsto methatyouare allmistaken.我觉得你们全错了
2.words meanings着重指人的力气，物的强度strengthforce自然力量；暴力，势力；法律，道德，感情力量；军事力量等重要指人的精力；自然界的能量energy用途最广，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；职权，权力或政权power引导成果状语从句
3.so...that.../such...that....【注意】与少/小lsuch so2little当或置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序3so suchTheboy wasso frightenedthathe didnt know what to do.改为侄装句So frightenedwastheboy thathedidntknow whatto do.
4.1couldnt agree with youmore/it couldntbe worseifpossible语法规定一不定式to do一构造:否认to donot to do二不定式的多种时态积极语态被动语态一般式todoto bedone进行式to bedoing---------完毕式to havedone to have beendone完毕进行式to havebeen doing—
（三）使用方法）.主1To seeis to believe.,用作形式主语.Its importantto learnit表
2.My jobistohelp thepatient.Your taskisto clean theclassroom.宾3I wantto gohome.☆think/consider/find/make/feel it+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有hope,refuse,learn,set out choose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.）.宾4warn,tell,allow,help,ask,forceThe teachertold metocleanthe blackboard.I expectyou togive mesome help.五看watch seelook atobserve notice三使let makehave二听listen tohear一感觉feel不定式用在介词后时,假如这些介词前有行为动词的多种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带but,except,besides do相反则带to,to.
①She coulddo nothingbut cry.（）21have nochoice butto go.
③What doyou liketodobesides sleep.注在caiftbut,cant helpbut,can9tchoosebut（意思是不得不,只能，只好），的构造后，不定式不带to）定语
5.I havesomething to say.（假如不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.）不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的背面，并且放在其他后置定语之后
①不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系❶动宾关系我有诸多工作要做I have a lotof worktodo.❷主谓关系.他总是第一种来He isalways thefirst tocome❸同位关系.我们均有上大学的机会We allhaveachance togo tocollege
②不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，虽然是及物动词，不定式背面仍须有对应的介司I
③不定式所修饰的名词假如是或不定式背面的介词习惯上要省去time,place way,.他没钱没地方住He hadno moneyand noplace tolive等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语©something,anything,nothing,everything注意比较你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式的动作执行者是）I Doyou have anything tosend tosend you你有什么要（我或他人）寄的东西吗？H Doyou haveanything to be sent（不定式的动作执行者是已被省略的或）to besent mesomeone else）状6I camehere tosee you.in orderto,so asto,enough to,only to,too....to.,（）.独立构造7To tellthe truth,I dontagreewith you.tobefrank,tobehonest,to tellthetruth不定式与疑问词等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等who,which,when,how,what他不懂得说什么（宾语）He didntknowwhattosay.怎样处理这个问题很重要主语How tosolve theproblem isvery important.My我的问题是什么时候开始俵语注意question iswhen tostart.在与连用时，只用于或开头的简短疑问句中，背面紧跟的动词不定式不带why whywhy not to Why not havea rest固定句型
①had better/had best+not dosth.最佳不做某事
②Whynot dosth.©...prefer todo/prefer doing©...prefer n./doing...to n./doing...©...prefer todo...rather thantodo...©...would rathernotdosth.©...would ratherdo...than do...©...would rathersb.did虚拟语气要做……
1.They pretendednottosee us.一般式表达与谓语的动作同步/几乎/发生在它之后.
2.He pretendedtobesleeping.在谓语动词发生的同步,不定式的动作也正在进行
3.She pretendedtohaveknown itbefore.完毕式表达动作发生在谓语动作之前
4.Were happytohavebeen workingwithyou.完毕进行式表达谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行并且也许之后也继续Module5重要短语使倒下，消减恢复,使想起bring downbring back与••有关be relatedto收庄稼;引进bring in等于be equaltobe atwar with与......交战human beinglivean...life人之初，性本善报时be borngood tellthe timefollow/take onesadvice养育,教育;提出;呕吐bring upa senseof懂，理解make senseof责任感故意义，讲的通responsibility makesense做某事不明智/没意义There isno sensein doingsthin得出结论reach/arrive at/draw/come toa conclusion最终，总之conclusion make a contributionto...place stress on sth.在某些方面强调某事in someways laystresson sth.stress theimportance of...put stressonsth.对某事有影响haveaninfluence on/upon sth.be influenced影响某人做某事influence sb.todosth.环游列国travel fromstate tostate…的理由是…The reasonwhy...is that那是一种…的时期Il is/was atime when…某事的理由是…The reasonfor sth.is thatargue with反对argue against某人争论据理力争sb about/over sthargue for状况良好不好in good/poor condition有——种条件on onecondition假如,条件是，只要on conditionthat决不on nocondition和...同样不快二no fasterthan asslowly as重要句型秩序，次序，命令，订购，
1..order n.v..翻译eg.lThen theycalled outour namesin orderand weanswered yesor no4然后他们按次序点我们的名字，我们回答对错无序的,杂论无章的以••…次序为了outoforder in order ofin orderto为了向某人订购某in orderthat placean orderwithsbfor sth按次序排列，整洁摆放put…inorder
2.If...,then...
3.No more...than语法规定一限制性定语从句用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词when,where,how,why注意,介词放在关系代词前面时，介词宾语只能用代物，用代人1which whom.在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任介词宾语而介词在句尾时，关系代词可省略2有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可省略
3.Module6重要短语来源于provide sth.for sb./sb.with sthdate from/back toout梦想dream of过时最新of dateuptodate做一种…梦dream a...dream给某事约定日期和某人fix a date forsth haveadatewith sbworkout约会阻挡，忍住，克制（情感屏hold backhold onesbreathcome true住气耽误;阻碍（交通等）坚持;（电话）hold uphold on有global warmingof alltime请等一下结束bring anend toa largeamount of...史以来onthespotthink ofbepleased withhearfrom撞上，坠毁冰点就某种crash intofreezing pointin asensenow that..意义而言作笔记makeanote/notes重要句型lit takessb.Time todosth.
4.be of+n.=be+adj.提供某人某物
5.accommodate sb.with sth.。
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