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必修1:Friendship Pl对…好，对…和蔼，对…友好
1.be good to...Why cantshe begoodtoher sister为何她不能对她姐姐好点？调查
2.survey对…的调查，有关…的调查a surveyof对美国企业的调查a surveyof USbusinesses令调查显示…survey shows/reveals that调查显示英国的树木状况良好The surveyshowed thatBritains treesare ingood health.进行调查carry out/conduct a survey=do asurvey令我们对这个村子的孩子父母作了一次调查We conductedasurveyof parentsin thevillage.添加、增长、计算、相加
3.add把…加入…中add sth to sth你想把你的名字加到名单里吗？Do youwant to add yourname tothe list令把…和…相加add sthand sthtogether力口得Add7and5to make
12.7512o今增长add to something他的所作所为增长了我们的困难What hedid hasadded toour difEculties.令总计，加起来等于add upto费用总计达一亿元The costadded upto100million yuan.
4.until令直到…为止这张票的有效期一直到月份The ticketis validuntil March.3他一直等到她讲完He waiteduntil she had finishedspeaking.令直到…才〔用于强调某事在某个详细的时刻或者另一件事发生此前没有发生not until直到年战争才终于结束It wasnot until1972that thewar finallycame toan end.1972停止
5.finish令停止做某事停下正在做的事情finish doing sth我在截止时间前几分钟才把汇报打完I finishedtyping thereport justminutes beforeit wasdue.令以…为结尾finish[+with]聚会以一首合唱结束The partyfinished with a song.协助
6.help个汕协助某人某事help sbw sth我来帮你洗碗好吗？Can Ihelp youwith thewashing up父亲说费用问题他会帮我处理的My fathersaid hesgoing tohelp mewith thefees.令help sbto do sth令遭受痛苦/艰难/惩罚suffer pain/hardship/punishment令.受苦难者、患病者sufferer n令肉体或者精神上的痛苦、苦难suffering n.她遭受孤单的折磨，但在那里她必须学会喜欢它eg.She sufferedfrom loneliness,but shehad tolearn tolike itthere.他的腿受伤了，疼痛难忍His legwas brokenand hesuffered greatpain.人们极其痛苦The sufferingof thepeople wasextreme..恢复
39.recover vivt令从…中恢复recover from令•恢复recovery n在这样脏的房间里，琳达怎么能从疾病中恢复过来呢？eg.:How couldLinda recover from herillness inthis dirtyroom从一场重感冒中恢复过来花了他很长时间It tooka long time for her to recoverfrom a bad cold.It tookher alongtime torecoverfromabadcold.她忽然什么都看不见了，不过很快就恢复了视力She couldntsee anythingsuddenly but she quicklyrecovered hersight.医生们确信他会完全康复The doctorsare confidenthell make a fullrecovery.
40.get/be tired of对・・•厌烦令对…感到厌倦get/be tired of令因…感到疲惫get/be tiredfrom令使某人感到疲惫不堪tire sbout我已经厌倦了透过脏兮兮的窗帘和充斥灰尘的窗户看大自然了eg.:Ive gottiredoflooking atnature throughdirty curtainsand dustywindows.读书常常使我疲劳，有时筋疲力尽，但我不讨厌读书I amoften tiredfrom readingand sometimesI amtired out,but I am nottiredofit.…和某人有矛盾；在某事上有麻烦
41.have trouble with做某事有困难have trouble/difficulty/problems withsth.做某事有困难have trouble/difficulty/problems in doing sth.目前我跟班上同学有些矛盾eg.:I amhaving sometroublewithmy classmatesat themoment.我一般懂得我想说什么，不过用语言体现出来却有困难1often knowwhat tosay buthave troublein expressingit inwords.让我说服她让步极其困难I had the greatestdifficulty inpersuading her to givein.我们毫不费力就找到了那个房子We hadno difficultyin findingthe house.与…和睦相处
42.get along with在陈说句中，背面可用、、等副词修饰在特殊疑问句中用来对这些副词提问along wellbadly nicelyhow例Howare yougetting on with youstudy你的学习怎么样？令同某人相处融洽get along/on with sb令（谈及或问及工作状况）进展、进步get along/onwithsth令传播、流传get around令（）开始（做）某事get down to doingsth令相聚get together令挣脱（责任或义务）、逃避get outof sth令站起、起身、起床get up令克服、完毕get over我跟我们班一种男生相处得很好eg.:Im gettingalong wellwithaboy in my class.除此之外，我们应当学会怎样与其他人和睦相处In addition,we shouldlearn howto getalongwithothers.这消息一传开，人们都往这地方赶来When thenews gotaround,people quicklyheaded forthis place.你应当开始认真地做些练习了，否则你就要落在别的同学背面了You shouldget downtosomepractice orthe otherstudents willleave youbehind.相爱、恋爱
43.fall in love令爱上某人fall in love with sb令爱着某人be in love withsb那个男孩和那个女孩相爱了eg.:The boyand thegirl fellinlove.她一直爱着住在另一种小镇上的那个男孩She isinlovewith theboy livingin anothertown.She isinlovewith theboy whois livingin anothertown.参与
44.join in令.跟某人一起join sb令入党/参军/参与俱乐部join theparty/the army/the club令（）加入（某事/做某事）join insth/doingsth令加入某人做某事join sb.indoingsth.他们邀请我加入篮球比赛eg.:They invitedme tojoin in the basketballgame.They invitedmetojoin in the basketballgame.她只是听，不过历来不参与She listensbut neverjoins in.She listensbut neverjoins in.我甚至加入了当地的钓鱼俱乐部，并且开始参与每月一次的会议1joined the local fishingclub andstarted toattend themonthly meetings.我的家人和我一同向您表达问候I evenjoined thelocal fishingclub andstarted toattend themonthly meetings.My familyjoined mein giving/sending our regards to you.My familyjoined mein sendingourregardstoyou.辨析一般指加入某个团体或组织，宾语常是、、或指参与到某项比赛、游戏或join partyarmy clubsb joinin活动中指参与群众性的活动，强调参与该活动并在其中发挥一定作用take partin常指出席或参与会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听汇报等attend我帮她把箱子拎上了楼I helpedhertocarry hercases upthe stairs.她帮他挑了某些新衣服She helpedhim choosesome newclothes.令help to do sth她要来帮忙擦洗机器She wascoming tohelp cleanthe machines..计划、打算；计划、筹划、打算
7.plan nvivt planning,planned,planned令计划、打算；，的计划有时候也会用介词n.plan for...…of他计划去国外工作一年His planis towork abroadfor ayear.你周末有什么打算？Do youhave anyplans forthe weekend令做计划、制定计划、筹办；make a plan/make plans玛丽一直在忙着筹划她的婚礼Mary has been busymaking plans for herwedding.令实行计划carry outa plan=do whathas beenplanned他们在实行计划之前就被逮捕了They werearrested before they couldcarry outtheir plans.令计划去做某事/打算去做某事/筹划去做某事plan to do sth玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜，那是个意外Maria didntplan tokill Fiona.It wasan accident.获得、抵达、收到、购置、获得…
8.get vivtgetting,got,gotten令使某事发生在某人身上/某物上get it repaired你会让我们都没命的!Youre goingto getus allkilled!别烫到自己Don*get yourselfburned.
9.upset令心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的adj..我很心烦，由于我的一种好朋友对我非常无礼I wasvery upsetbecause oneof myfriend wasrude to mebe upsetabout父亲那样对她，她非常难过She wasdeeply upsetabout theway herfather treatedher.令upset that汕他没有花更多的时间陪自己，黛比觉得不快Debbie wasupset that he didntspend moretime wher.令生某人的气，对某人感到不快be upsetwithsb你不是还在生我的气吧？Youre notstill upsetwith me,are you令使某人生气；使生气；使心烦意乱vt.别做惹他生气的事情Dont doanything thatwould upsethim..他在考试中作弊，这使他的老师很生气His cheatingin the exam upsethis teacher忽视、忽视、不理会
10.ignore vt..你不能忽视诸多罪犯从未获刑的事实You cantignore thefact thatmany criminalsnever goto prison电话铃响了,但她只当没听见The phonerang,but sheignored it.静的、安静的、从容的；安静、宁静；使安静
11.calm adj.n.vivt格伦在葬礼上体现得安静而镇静Glen wascalm andcomposed atthe funeral.令叩保持镇静、保持安静；remain/stay/ke calm我尽量保持镇静，不去理会他I triedto staycalm andjust ignorehim.令安静the calmbefore thestorm n.暴风雨前的安静指剧烈争论或严重问题出现前短暂的安静局面令恢复安静，恢复正常；使某人安静下来calm downcalm sbdown我们有了宝宝后过了好几种月，家里的一切才恢复It tookmonths forthings to calm downafter wehad thebaby.正常她点了支烟，使自己安静下来She lita cigaretteto calmherself down.必须，不得不；
12.have got to do你非得目前走吗？Have yougot to go now辨析和的区别have got to have to在表达一次性动作时，两者可以互换1我十点前必须回来I have got to be backby10oclock.当表达习气性动作时，尤其是句子中有表达常常性的副词、等，则用,而不用2always often have have got to我常常要五点起床1often have to get up at
5.几乎不用在过去时态中3have gotto为了赶上你，我不得不走得很快才行In order to catchyou,I hadto walkvery fast.在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完毕体构造中，而不行4have to have gotto我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他I shallhave tohelp himas muchas Ican.计划、打算;计划、筹划、打算
7.plan n.vivt planning,planned,planned计划、打算；，的计划有时候也会用介词.n.plan for……of他计划去国外工作一年His planis towork abroadfor ayear.你周末有什么打算？Do youhave anyplansforthe weekend令做计划、制定计划、筹办；makeaplan/make plans玛丽一直在忙着筹划她的婚礼Mary hasbeen busymaking plansforherwedding.令二实行计划carry outaplando whathasbeenplanned他们在实行计划之前就被逮捕了They werearrested before they couldcarry outtheir plans.令计划去做某事/打算去做某事/筹划去做某事plan to do sth玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜，那是个意外Maria didntplan tokill Fiona.It wasan accident.获得、抵达、收到、购置、获得…令使某事发生在某人身上/某物上
8.getvivt getting,got,gotten getitrepaired你会让我们都没命的!Youre goingto getus allkilled!别烫到自己Don*get yourselfburned.
9.upset令心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的adj.我很心烦，由于我的一种好朋友对我非常无礼I wasvery upsetbecause oneof myfriend wasrude tome.令be upsetabout父亲那样对她，她非常难过She wasdeeply upsetabout theway herfather treatedher.今upset that他没有花更多的时间陪自己，黛比觉得不快Debbie wasupset thathe didntspend moretime withher,令生某人的气，对某人感到不快be upsetwithsb你不是还在生我的气吧？Youre notstill upsetwith me,are you令使某人生气；使生气；使心烦意乱vt.别做惹他生气的事情Dont doanything thatwould upsethim..他在考试中作弊，这使他的老师很生气His cheatingintheexam upsethis teacher忽视、忽视、不理会
10.ignore vt..你不能忽视诸多罪犯从未获刑的事实You cantignore thefact thatmany criminalsnever goto prison电话铃响了，但她只当没听见The phonerang,butsheignored it.静的、安静的、从容的；安静、宁静；使安静
11.calm adj.n.vivt格伦在葬礼上体现得安静而镇静Glen wascalm andcomposed atthe funeral.令保持镇静、保持安静；remain/stay/keep calm我尽量保持镇静，不去理会他I triedto staycalm andjust ignorehim.令安静the calmbeforethestorm n.暴风雨前的安静指剧烈争论或严重问题出现前短暂的安静局面令恢复安静，恢复正常；使某人安静下来calm downcalm sbdown我们有了宝宝后过了好几种月，家里的一切才恢复It tookmonths forthings tocalm downafter wehadthebaby.正常她点了支烟,使自己安静下来She lita cigarettetocalmherself down.必须，不得不；
12.have gottodo你非得目前走吗？Have yougottogo now辨析和的区别have gotto have to在表达一次性动作时，两者可以互换5我十点前必须回来I have gotto be backby10oclock.当表达习气性动作时，尤其是句子中有表达常常性的副词等，则用,而不用6always,oftenhavehavegotto我常常要五点起床I oftenhavetogetupat5,几乎不用在过去时态中7havegotto.为了赶上你，我不得不走得很快才行In order to catchyou,I hadto walkvery fast在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完毕体构造中，而不行8haveto havegotto我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他I shallhavetohelp himas muchas Ican.关怀某人
13.be concerned about sb他懂得你一直关怀他He knowsthat youare alwaysconcernedabouthim.照顾、照看、负责
14.take careof take,took,taken我们只有一种地球，因此我们必须要好好的照顾她We onlyhave oneearth,so weneed totake careof her.遛狗
15.walk the dog她每天上午不得不遛狗She hasto walkthe dogevery morning.去年，她每天上午都不得不遛狗She hadto walkthedogevery morninglast year.参与考试；参与期末考试
16.take an exam takethe end-of-term exam我什么时间参与考试？When canI takeanexam取笑、讥笑
17.laugh at他提出的提议遭至了委员会的讥笑The suggestionhe madewas laughedat bythe committee.U经历、经受或通过、通过、穿过
18.go through令他在经历一段非常艰难的时期He wasgoing througha verydifficult time.令.你要过境，就必须在海关办理手续You mustgo throughcustoms in ordertopass acrossthe border记下、放下、登记
19.set down老瓦尔特正在写他的乡村生活回忆录Old Walteris settingdown hismemories ofvillage life.Top priorityfor meis gettinghim offthis planeso Ican finallyset downmy gun.目前对于我来说最要紧的事就是让他下飞机，这样我就能放下我的枪了一系列、一连串
20.a seriesofWe learnlanguage througha seriesof promptsand feedback.我们通过一系列的提醒和反馈学习语言
21.want todo sth;want sbtodo sth;want sth done明天上午我想去购物I wanttogoshopping tomorrowmorning.I wantyou tofind outwhat they5re planning.我要你查明他们有什么计划我要那封信今天就打好I wantthat lettertyped today.
22.since令自从…以来，就一直…一般与主句中完毕式连用我们从两点钟开始就在这里等了Weve beenwaiting heresince twooclock.我大学毕业后就没打过橄榄球I haventplayed rugbysince Ileft university.她十年前离开伦敦，此后我再没有见过她She leftLondon tenyears ago,and I havent seenher since.躲藏、隐藏
23.hide awayhid,hidden令动词，为副词，宾语为代词时应放在两者中间hide awaySheand herfamily hidaway fornearly twenty-five monthsbeforetheywere discovered.她和她的家人躲了近二十五个月才被发现As hedidnt wanthis sisterto sharehis chocolate,he hidit awaysomewhere underthe bed.由于他不想和妹妹分享巧克力，他把它藏在床下的某个地方了故意地
24.on purpose反义短语意外地，偶尔地by accident/by chanceIstayed awakeon purposeuntil halfpast elevenin orderto havea goodlook atthe moon.为了好好看看月亮，我故意醒着直到十一点半Cinderella lefther shoeon thestairs onpurpose.灰姑娘故意把她的一只鞋子留在了台阶上Rockets wereprobably inventedby accidentabout yearsago.火箭也许是在约两千数年前无意间被发明的By chanceI cameacross anarticle abouther.很偶尔地，我看到了一篇有关她的文章
25.in orderto+do为了.・.否认形式in ordernot todo sth...令可与互换，作目的状语，但不能位于句首so asto in ordertoso asto令引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词等，当主句和从句主语in orderthat/so thatcan,may,might,could一致时，可以和互换in orderthat/so thatin orderto/so astoWe gotup earlyinorderto/so asto catch the early bus.=In orderto catchthe earlybus,we gotup early.=We gotup earlyto catchthe earlybus.=We gotup earlyinorderthat/so thatwe couldcatchtheearlybus.为了赶上早班车，我们起得很早勇于，胆敢
26.dare v.令既可作为实意动词，也可作为情态动词；作实意动词时背面常接不定式在疑问句和否认句中dare todo sth,可省略，作情态动词使用时多用于否认句和疑问句详细使用方法如下to令肯定句中实意动词勇于做某事dare todo sth令否认句中实意动词不敢做某事dont/doesnt/didnt dare todo sth情态动词:daren t/darednt do sth令疑问句中实意动词主语+Do/Does/Did+dareto dosth情态动词主语+Dare/Dared+dosth.他敢在同学面前说英语He daresto speak English before his class他不敢再同学面前说英语He doesntdare tospeak Englishbefore hisclass.=He darentspeak Englishbefore hisclass.他敢在同学面前说英语吗？Does hedaretospeak Englishbefore hisclass=Dare hespeakEnglishbeforehisclass发生；碰巧
27.happen vi.令碰巧要做/正在做/做过/被做happen todo/be doing/have done/be done令某人碰到；某人遭到happen tosb令（）碰巧…It justso happensthat...令作“发生、碰巧”时，都是不及物动词，也不能用于被动语态此外，happen takeplace,break out,occur,come这些短语也都无被动语态aboutFive monthsago,I happenedtobeupstairs atdusk whenthe windowwas open.五个月前的一种傍晚，我碰巧在楼上，当时窗户是开着的我碰巧见过那辆丢了的自行车I happenedtohaveseen thelost bike.My momtells methat Icant controlwhat happentome.我妈妈告诉我，我控制不了发生在我身上的事（）It justso happenedthathewas upstairs.=He happenedtobeupstairs.他碰巧在楼上面对面
28.face to face令短语作状语，用来修饰句子中的动词face toface“名词+介词+名词”构造的短语尚有肩并肩；背对背；肩并肩；shoulder toshoulder backto backside byside叩逐渐地；日复一日；年复一年；手牵手；臂step byst dayafter dayyear afteryear handin handarm inarm挽臂；等等令是复合形容词，用来修饰名词，作定语face-to-face最佳和我们的朋友面对面地交谈Its betterto talkwith ourfriends face toface.这对夫妻肩并肩沿着大街走The couplewalked alongthe streetside byside.They wenttoawonderful partyyesterday.First,they dancedfacetoface andthen theyhad aface-to-face talk.不再
29.no longer表达时间上不再延续，修饰延续性动词no longer=not...any longer,令表达动作不再延续，数量不再增长或者程度不再加深，修饰非延续性动词no more=not...any more,她不在这里工作了She nolonger workshere.=She doesntwork hereany longer.二失去的时间不会再回来Time lostwill returnno more.Time lostwill notreturn anymore.力量；能力；权力
30.powern.令尽全力做某事do everythingin onespower令有做某事的能力have thepower todosth令执政，掌权（强调状态）be inpower令执政，掌权（强调动作）come topower,有权势的，有能力的，有影响力的；反义,无权的，无影响力的powerful adjpowerless adjKnowledge ispower.知识就是力量我会尽全力协助你I willdo everythinginmypower tohelp you,总统有权否决策案The presidenthas thepower toreject bills.辨析情态动词+表达对过去事情的推测；注虚拟语气中除外
31.have done也许做过某事（表达比较肯定的推测）/本可以做而未做
1.could have done也许做过某事（表达不太确定的推测）
2.may/might havedone一定做过某事（非常肯定）
3.must havedone不也许做过某事
4.can/couldnt havedone本该做某事而未做
5.should havedone=ought tohavedone
6.shouldnt havedone=ought nottohavedone本不该做某事却做了史密斯先生不也许去了北京，由于我刚刚在图书馆看见他了eg:Mr.Smith canthave goneto Beijing,for Isaw himinthelibrary justnow.对不起，我迟到了，我本该早点给你打电话的Iamsorry forbeing late.I shouldhave phonedyou earlier.你昨天本不该把真相告诉他的You shouldnthave toldhim thetruth yesterday.宾语+宾补
32.make+是使役动词，它的宾补用省略的不定式、形容词、过去分词和名词make to注意背面的宾补不能用目前分词，即make make sb doingxo背面的宾补为省略的不定式时，即在变为被动语态时，要还原make tomake sbdosth,to Hermother made一her stay at home.She wasmade tostayathome byher mother.使某人/某物去做某事
1.make sb/sth dosth=have/let sb/sthdosth使某人/某事被…
2.make sb/sth done=have sb/sth done使某人/某物…
3.make sb/sth+adj.使某人/某物成为…
4.makesb/sth+n.他让她日夜工作eg:He madeher workday andnight.她大声说以便自己的话被听清晰She spokeloudly sothat shecould makeherself heardclearly.她通过了考试，这使她的父母感到自豪She passedtheexam,which makeher parentsproud.我们让他当队长We madehim captainof theteam.宾语+宾补
33.keep+此构造表达“使…保持…”，宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、目前分词或过去分词注意背面的宾补不能用不定式,即keep keep sb/sthtodosthxo不过背面的宾补可以用目前分词，即keepsb/sth doingsth.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉eg:He likesto keepthe windowopen whilesleeping.他总是使车保持良好状态He alwayskeeps thecar ingood condition.对不起，让你久等了lam sorryto keepyou waitingso long.多听少讲Keep yourmouth shutand yourears open.
34.wonder vivt疑惑、想懂得、怀疑；u.n.（对优美事物或新鲜事物）惊叹、惊奇；c・n.奇事、奇观我不知与否…
1.1wonder if/whether…此句型表达有礼貌地问询某事或祈求协助，其中引导宾语从句多用于口语中if/whether不知您能否帮我的忙eg.I wonderif/whether youcan helpme.我可不可以要一杯饮料？I wonderif Imight havea drink引导的从句，表达想懂得…
2.wonder+who/what/how/where我想懂得詹姆斯的近况eg.I wonderhow Jamesis gettingon.
3.n.看见长城，我们满怀惊叹eg.:The sightof theGreat Wallfilled uswith wonder.世界七大奇观the SevenWonders of the World并不奇怪，局限性为奇
4.ifs no/small/little wonder that怪不得你头痛，你昨晚喝太多了eg.:No wonderyouve gota headache,the amountyou dranklast night.令人惊奇的是
5.ifs awonderthat居然没有人受伤，真是奇迹eg.:Its awonder noone gothurt.曾经有一段时间…
35.There wasa timewhen…此句构造为引导的定语从句，修饰先行词是关系副词，在从句中作时间状语when a time,when曾经有一段时间我很轻易生气eg:There wasa timewhen Ibecame angryeasily.曾经有一段时间我们幸福地生活在一起There wasatimewe livedhappily together.目前完毕时/过去完毕时
36.It/This/That+is/was+the first.../last time that+sb+表达这是某人第一次做…这是我第一次看到这里eg.This/It is the firsttime thatI haveseen here.这是我第二次吃汉堡This isthe secondtime thatIhaveeaten hamburgers.这是他第三次被警告有危险了It wasthe thirdtimethathehadbeen warnedofthedanger.定居;.使定居、处理
37.settle vi.vt令定居下来settle down令安心做某事settle downto doingsth令移民settler n.目前你该处理同你父亲之间的分歧了eg.:Its timefor youto settleyour differenceswith yourfather.他们把当地人迁移到别处定居They movedthelocalpeople andsettled themin anotherplace.毫无疑问这是处理问题的最佳方式There isno doubtthat itisthebest wayto settlethe problem.他们开始认真讨论问题They settleddowntoa seriousdiscussion..遭受、患病；.遭受、忍受
38.suffervi vt令受…的折磨、患…病suffer from。
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