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于冀教版八年级上册英语语法点滴1)leave的使用方法1地点”表达“离开某地”例如:
2.“leave+When didyou leaveShanghai你什么时候离开上海的?地点表达“动身去某地”例如2/leave for+Next Friday,Alice isleaving forLondon.下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了「地点地点”表达“离开某地去某地上例如:3leave++for+Why areyou leavingShanghai for Beijing你为何要离开上海去北京?2)情态动词should应当”学会使用作为情态动词用,常常表达意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如should我怎么懂得?How shouldI know你今天为何来得这样晚?Why shouldyou beso latetoday有时表达应当做或发生的事,例如should.我们应当互相协助We shouldhelp eachother我们在使用时要注意如下几点
1.用于表达“应当”或“不应当”的概念此时常指长辈教导或责怪晚辈例如你应当把手洗洁净了再来You shouldbe herewith cleanhands.2,用于提出意见劝导他人例如假如你感觉不舒适,你最佳去看医生You shouldgo to the doctorif youfeel ill.
3.用于表达也许性should的这一使用方法是考试中常常出现的考点之一例如我们在晚饭前就能到了We shouldarrive bysupper time.她随时都也许来She shouldbe hereany moment.3)What...与Which...与都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,不过仅用来问询职业如
1.what whichwhat你父亲是干什么的?What isyour father该句相称于What doesyour fatherdoWhat isyour fathersjob指代的是特定范围内的某一种人如Which哪个是皮特?—Which isPeter玛丽背后的那个男孩—The boybehind Mary.?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而?是特指,所指的事物有范
2.What…Which…围的限制如(所有颜色)What colordo youlike best你最爱慕什么颜色?(有特定的范围)Which colordo youlike best,blue,green oryellow你最爱慕哪一种颜色?与后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词如
3.what whichWhichpictures arefrom China哪些图片来自中国?你必须照顾你的老父亲
8.look around到处寻找、查看We lookedaround,but wefound nothingstrange.我们到处查看,不过我们没有发现奇怪的东西27too,also与eitherL too用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗号如We arein the same school,too.我们也在相似的学校Do youplay soccerevery day,too你也每天踢足球吗?
2.also用于肯定句和疑问句,一般位于实义动词前、be动词后如Sandra is also aKoreanstudent.Sandra也是一种韩国学生
3.either用于否认句,一般放在句末如They don,t knowthe answer,either.她们也不懂得答案
4.as well as也有“也”的意思如We havegreat mushroompizza aswellassoda.He is a happyboy aswell.28hard与hardly
1.hard既可作形容词,也可作副词如Its ahardadj.question.=difficult这是一种难的问题The boystudies veryhardadv..那男孩学习非常努力句子构造Its hard for sbto do sth做某事对某人来说是难的如Its hardfor him to finish the work.完毕那项工作对他来说很难注意辨别hard work困难的工作work hard努力工作
2.hardly是频度副词,表达否认的意思=almost not一般用在形容词、副词和动词之前如I canhardly seeit.我几乎看不到它29sometime,sometimes,some time与some times
1.sometime是时间副词,指不确定的未来或过去某一点时间某时候或任何时候,不指一段时间如We11go toBeijing sometimenext month.我们下个月某一时候会去北京
2.sometimes是频度副词,指“有时“、“不时”的意思=at times如SometimesI getup verylate on Sunday morning.有时候我在星期天上午起得很晚
3.some time是名词词组,指一段时间某些时间或若干时间如It tookhim sometimeto finishthe book.她花了某些时间去完毕作业
4.some times指“几次”如:He metthe womansome timeslast month.上个月他见过那妇女几次30exercise的某些使用方法1,作不及物动词,译为“运动,锻炼”如David exercisesevery morning.大卫每天上午进行锻炼
2.作及物动词,译为“训练”如Swimming exercisesthe wholebody.游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼
3.作名词,译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等如Its goodto doeye exercisesevery day.每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处Please domore exercisefrom nowon.从此后来请多做运动吧I havelots ofhomework to do tonight.今晚我有诸多的作业要做
4.注意exercise指详细运动或体操时是可数名词,复数形式为exercises;泛指运动时是不可数名词31maybe与may beLmaybe是副词,译为“也许、也许”,相称于“perhaps”如:Maybe hecan answerthequestion.也许他能回答那个问题He maybeis from the USA,too.他也许也来自美国
1.want sth.想要某物They wantsome help.他们需要某些协助
2.want sb.to do sth.想要某人去做某事My fatherwants meto helphim on the farm.我父亲要我在农场上帮他
3.want to do sth.想要做某事I wantto study English inEngland.我想要在英国学习英语飞
4.want doing需要・・・Your sweaterwants washing.你的运动衣该洗了34be goodbad forbe good at的有关使用方法
1.how many表达“多少”,对数量提问,背面接可数名词的复数形式如:There arefourpeople inmy family.----How manypeople arein yourfamily你家里有几种人?We haveseven classesevery day.----How manyclasses doyou haveevery day你们每天上几节课?
2.how much也是表达“多少”,但它对不可数名词进行提问如There issome milkinthe bottle.----How muchmilk is there in the bottle瓶子里有多少牛奶?
3.how much还可以对价格提问,表达“多少钱”的意思如The yellow T-shirt isonly35yuan.----How muchistheyellowT-shirt那件黄色的恤衫多少钱?T36with的几种使用方法此表“和、同、与如
1.wCan yougo to the park with me你能和我一起去公园吗?表“用、以、被如:
2.withDont writewith thered pen.不要用那支红色的钢笔写字而表“伴随”如3th气候伴随时令的不一样而不一样Climate varieswith thetime ofthe year.表“带有、有……的”如
4.with长头发的女孩是我的同学The girlwith longhair ismy classmate.表“由于、由于如
5.withThey wereangry withhard work.他们由于艰难的工作而生气.某些而构造6th与..•…7玩play with对.,.…生气be angrywith与・・•…交谈talk with与.・….相处融get onwell with洽37a lot of lots of与many,much意为“许多、大量”相称于它既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可
1.a lotof lots of数名词如:I have a lotof friendsin China.我在中国有诸多朋友The oldman haslots of money.那位老人有诸多的钱意为“许多”它用来修饰可数名词如
2.manyDo youhave manybeautiful skirts你有诸多漂亮的裙子吗?意为“大量”它用来修饰不可数名词如
3.muchThere is much water in thelake.湖里有大量的水用在肯定句中,而不受限制假如将一种具有
4.a lotof=lots of many,much aI otof=lots的肯定句改为否认句或疑问句,要将它们改为或如ofmanymuchWe cansee a lotofbirds in the tree.—We cantsee many birds in the tree.我们在树上看不到诸多鸟儿He wantslots ofsoda.-Does hewant muchsoda他需要许多汽水吗?38help使用方法举例既可以作名词,也可以作动词help作名词,意为“协助”如-helpHe needssome help.他需要某些协助作动词,也是“协助”的意思如
2.helpCan youhelp me你能帮帮我吗?的构造:
3.help协助某人做某事help sbto dosth协助某人做某事=help sbwith sth如They wantto helpthe boycarry theheavy box.=They wantto helpthe boywith theheavy box.他们想要协助那位男孩搬那个重箱子39well的使用方法可以作副词,也可以作形容词well作副词,意为,某事干得好”如
1.wellThe boydraws verywell.男孩画得很好作形容词,意为“健康、安好2如
2.wellIm notfeeling well.我觉得不舒适40ago与before与都表达“……此前、但使用方法有所区别ago before意为“此前”,表达从此刻算起的若干时间之前,常用于过去时的句子中如
1.agoHe tooka photoa weekago.他一周前照了一张相片作为副词时表达
2.before.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间此前,用于过去完毕时的句子中如aThe boyhad alreadyseen thecomedy before.那男孩此前已经看过那部喜剧片了笼统的“此前”,用于一般过去时或目前完毕时的句子中,一般单独使用,而不b.ago可以单独使用如Hes readthis novelbefore.他此前读过这部小说41need的使用方法L need作实义动词,意为“需要”如Do youneed tostay athome你要呆在家里吗?
2.need作情态动词,一般用于对must的否认回答如----Must heleave now他必须离开吗?----No,he needn,t.不,他不必
3.辨别a.need作实义动词He needsto go.He doesn,t need to go.Does he needto goYes,he does./No,he doesn,t.b.need作情态动词,一般不用于肯定句He needn,t go.Need hegoYes,heneed./No,he needn,t.42decide的几种句式
1.decide todosth决定去做某事They decideto flykite onweekend.他们决定在周末去放风筝
2.decide ondoing sth决定做某事They decide on flyingkites.他们决定放风筝
4.decide的名词形式为decision,构造make a decision,意为“做决定”如:He hasmadeadecision.他已经做一种决定了43too many,too much与much tool.too many意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数如There aretoo manystudents inour class.我们班上有太多的学生
2.too much意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词如We havetoo muchwork todo.我们有太多的工作要做
3.much too表达“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词如The boxismuchtoo heavy,so Ican,t carryit.箱子太重了,因此我搬不动它44can的使用方法1,表达能力如We cancarry theheavy box.我们可以搬得动箱子Who cansing anEnglish song谁会唱英文歌?
2.表达惊讶、不相信等态度,重要用于否认句和疑问句中如Can it be true这会是真的吗?You can,tbeserious你不会当真吧?
3.表达容许,意思与may相近,重要用于口语中如Can Ismoke here我可以在这儿吸烟吗Can Igo withhim我可以跟他一起去吗?4)频度副词的位置.常见的频度副词有如下这些1(总是,一直)always(一般)usually(常常,常常)often(有时候)sometimes(从不)never,频度副词的位置2放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词背面如a.David isoften arriveslate forschool.大卫上学常常迟到.放在行为动词前如bWe usually go toschool at7:10every day.我们每天常常在去上学710有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表达强调如c.Sometimes Iwalk home,sometime Irides a bike.有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装如
3.neverNever haveI been there.我从没到过那儿5)every day与everyday作状语,译为“每一天”如
1.every dayWego toschool at7:10everyday.我们每天去上学710I decideto readEnglish everyday.我决定每天读英语作定语,译为“平常的”
2.everydayShe watcheseveryday Englishon TVafter dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看平常英语Whafs youreveryday activity你的平常活动是什么?6)什么是助动词.协助重要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词()被协助的动词称作重1Auxiliary Verb要动词()Main Verb助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如他不喜欢英语He doesnt like English.(是助动词,无词义;是重要动词,有词义)doesntlike•助动词协助重要动词完毕如下功用,可以用来2表达时态,例如a.他在唱歌He issinging.他已结婚He hasgot married.表达语态,例如b.他被派往英国He wassent toEngland.构成疑问句,例如c.你喜欢大学生活吗?Do youlike collegelife你来这儿之前学过英语吗?Did youstudyEnglishbefore youcame here与否认副词合用,构成否认句,例如d.not我不喜欢他I dontlike him.加强语气,例如e.明天晚上一定来参与晚会Do cometo theparty tomorrowevening.他确实懂得那件事He didknow that..最常用的助动词有:3be,have,do,shall,will,should,would7)forget doing/todoremember doing/todo忘掉要去做某事(未做)
1.forget todo忘掉做过某事(已做)forget doingThe light in the office is still on.He forgotto turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘掉关了(没有做关灯的动作)He forgotturning thelight off.他忘掉他已经关了灯了(已做过关灯的动作)Dont forgetto cometomorrow.别忘了明天来(动作未做)to come经典例题--Thelightin theofficeisstill on.--Oh,I forgot.A.turning it off B.turnit offC.to turnitoffD.having turneditoff答案由可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用案.Co thelight isstillonrgett odosth而表达灯已经关上了,而自己忘掉了这一事实此处不符合题forget doing sth)包、O记得去做某事(未做)
2.remember todo记得做过某事(己做)remember doingRemembertogo to thepost officeafter school.记着放学后去趟邮局Dont youremember seeingthe manbefore你不记得此前见过那个人吗?8)Its for sb.和Its of sb.,常用于表达事物的特性特点,表达客观形式的形容词,如计
1.forsbeasy,hard,d ficult,等interesting,impossible对他来说学两门外语是很难的Its veryhardforhimtostudy twolanguages.的句型一般用表达人物的性格,品德,表达主观感情或态度的形容词,如
2.ofsbgo od,kind,nice,clever,foolish,righto你来协助我,你真是太好了Its verynice ofyou tohelp me.与的辨别措施
3.for of用介词背面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子假如道理上通顺用of,不通则用如for(通顺,因此应用)You arenice.of(人是困难的,不通,因此应用)He ishard.for9)对两个句子的提问冀教英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,目前采用的作法是对一种句子进行自由提问例如句子The boyin bluehas three pens.提问I.Who has threepens
2.Which boyhasthreepens
3.What doesthe boyin bluehave
4.How manypens doesthe boyin bluehave很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性再如句子He usually goes to the parkwith his friends at8:00on Sunday.提问I.Who usuallygoes tothe parkwith his friends at8:00on Sunday
5.Where does he usuallygo with his friendsat8:00on Sunday
6.What does he usuallydo withhisfriendsat8:00on Sunday
7.With whomdoeshe usuallygotothe park at8:00on Sunday
8.What timedoesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriendsonSunday
9.When doesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriends10so such与不定冠词的使用与不定冠词、连用,构造为形容词名词”如:
1.so aan“so++a/an+He isso funnya boy.Jim hasso biga house.与不定冠词、连用,构造为形容词+名词”如:
2.such aan“such+a/an+It issuch anice day.That wassuch an interesting story.11使用-ing分词的几种状况.在进行时态中如1He iswatching TVin the room.They weredancing atnine oclocklast night..在构造中如2there beThere isaboy swimmingin theriver..在构造中如3have fun/problemsWe havefun learningEnglish thisterm.They hadproblems gettingtothetop ofthe mountain..在介词背面如4Thanks forhelping me.Are yougoodatplayingbasketball..在如下构造中5enjoy乐于做某事doing sthfinish doing完毕做某事sth feellike doing sth想要做某事stop doing sth forget停止做某事doing sthgo ondoing忘掉做过某事sth rememberdoing继续做某事sth likedoing sthkeep记得做过某事sb doing sth喜欢做某事使某人一直做某事发现某人做某事find sbdoing sthsee/hear/watch sbdoingsth试图做某事try doingsth needdoingsth需要做某事prefer doingsth minddoingsth宁愿做某事介意practice doingsth bebusy doing做某事练习做某sth canthelp doingsth miss事忙于做某事禁doingsth不住做某事12)英语中的“单数”错过做某事主语的第三人称单数形式,
1.he,she,it即可用替代的如:“he,she,it”my friend,his teacher,ourclassroom,Tom,Mary*s uncle.名词有单数名词和复数名词如2(单数)(复数)(单数)(复数)man-men banana—bananas.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,・分词,过去式,过去分词如3inggo-goes-going-went-gonework-works—working—worked---workedwatch—watches—watching—watched-watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用对应的第三人称单数形式如:The boywants tobe asales assistant.Our Englishteacher isfromtheUS.Their daughtermakes herbreakfast allby herself.13)名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种名词复数的规则变化I.一般在名词词尾加如16pear-pears hamburger—hamburgersdesk—desks tree-trees.以字母结尾的名词,词尾加如:2-s,-sb,-ch,-x-es class-classes dish—disheswatch—watches box—boxes.以字母结尾的某些名词,词尾加如:3-o-espotato—potatoes tomato—tomatoesNegro—Negroes hero—heroes.以辅音字母加结尾的名词,将变为再加如4-y-y-i,-es family—familiesdictionary—dictionariescity—cities country—countries.以字母或结尾的名词,将或变为再加如:5-f-fe-f-fe-v,-eshalf—halves leaf—leavesthief—thieves knife—knivesself-selveslife—liveswife-wiveswolf—wolvesshelf-shelves loaf—loaves不过roof—roofsscarf—scarvesfesgulf—gulfsserf-serfsproof—proofschief—chiefsbelief—beliefs名词复数的不规则变化II.将改为-如tooth—teeth1-oofoot—feetman—men woman—women
2.将・man改为・men如:policeman—policemen postman—postmen.添加词尾如3child-children.单复数同形如4sheep—sheep deer—deerfish—fish people—people.表达“某国人”的单、复数变化即“中日瑞不变英法变,其他国把加背面”5-sChinese—Chinese Japanese—JapaneseSwiss—SwissFrenchman-FrenchmenEnglishman—EnglishmenAustralian-AustraliansAmerican-AmericansKorean—KoreansCanadian—CanadiansIndian—IndiansRussian—Russians.其他如6mouse-mice如apple tree—apple trees------man teachermen teachers14)双写最终一种字母的-ing分词初中阶段常见的有如下这些:一憎让
1.let—letting hithi打、撞一ng cutcutting切、割get—getting sit-sitting取、得到forget—forgetting put坐一一putting set忘掉一setting babysit放babysitting设置一
2.shop-shopping trip临时受雇照顾婴儿一tripping stop购物一stopping drop绊dropping停止旅游
3.travel—travelling游泳一swim swimming跑步run—running挖、掘dig—digging一开始begin beginning宁愿prefer—preferring一计戈plan planning15)肯定句变否认句及疑问句要变化的某些词变为如
1.some anyThere are somebirds in the tree.一There arentanybirdsinthetree.不过,若在表达请邀请、祈求的句子中,可以不变如someWould youlike someorange juice与此有关的某些不定代词如等也要进行对应变化something,somebody变为如
2.and orI have aknife anda ruler.—I dont have aknife ora ruler.变为或如:
3.a lotof=lotsofmany mucho可数名词They havealotof friends.一They don*thavemany friends.不可数名词There islotsoforange inthe bottle.一There isntmuch orangeinthe bottle.变为如
4.already yetIhave beenthere already.—l haventbeenthereyet.16in与after与都可以表达时间,但两者有所区别in after常常用于未来时的句子中,以目前为起点,表达未来一段时间如
1.1nHe willleave forBeijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京常常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表达过去一段时间如:
2.afterHe leftforBeijingafter a week.一周后他动身去了北京不过,假如后跟的是详细的时刻,它也可用于未来时如afterWe willfinishthework afterten oclock.十点后我们会完毕工作的.注意辨别如下的的使用方法3inIll visithim inaweek.一周后我会去拜访他Ill visithim twiceinaweek.一周内我会去拜访他两次17)不定冠词a与an的使用用在以辅音音素开头的单词前如
1.aThere isabintheword book”.单词中有个字母book bo类似的字母尚有b,c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,v,w,y,zShe hasa smallknife.她有一把小刀用于以元音音素开头的单词前如
2.anHThere isaniintheword onion”.单词中有个字母onion i类似的字母尚有a,e,f,h,i,I,m,n,o,r,s,xDo youhave anumbrella你有一把雨伞吗?.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用3an如aoa usefulbooka universityaone-letter wordan houran uncleanumbrella anhonest person18怎样体现英语中的“穿、英语中表达“穿、戴’的体现措施有好几种,常见的有如下这些:、重要体现“穿”的动作如1put on•他穿上了他的外套He put on hiscoat,你最佳穿上你的鞋子Youd betterputonyour shoes、重要表达“穿、戴”的状态如:2wear老人戴着——副眼镜The oldman wearsa pairof glasses..那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙The girlis wearinga redskirt、可作及物动词,有“给……穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”如:3dress请立即给孩子们穿上衣服Please dressthe childrenright now.也可作不及物动词,表达衣着的习惯如dress.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服The womanalways dressesin green、表达穿着的状态如4be in•约翰今天穿白色的衣服John isin whitetodayThe manin blackisafootball coach.19a little,a few与a bitof与均有“某些、少许”的意义他们的区别在哪里呢a Httle,a fewa bitof意为“某些、少许”,后接不可数名词如:
1.a little瓶子里有一点水There isa littlewaterinthebottle.还可以接形容词如他有些害羞He isa littleshy.意为“某些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词如
2.a few房间里有某些人Therearea fewpeople intheroom.意为“一点儿”,后接形容词如
3.a bit有点冷Ifs a bit cold.后接不可数名词如a bitof他有一点儿钱He hasa bitofmoney.表肯定意义,表否认意义;表肯定意义,表否认意义如
4.a littleHttle a few fewThere is杯子里有一点儿汽水a little soda inthe glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水了Thereislittlesodaintheglass.我有某些中国朋友IhaveafewChinese friends.几乎没有人喜欢他Few peoplelike him.后接不可数名词;
5.a little=a bitof,后接形容词,意为“有点儿”a little=abit=a littlebit=kind of,25other及其使用方法Other及其相近的词组,如others,the other,the others,another,any other等,一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题,平常的考试、作业中常常出错下面是它们的某些使用方法
1、other指其他的人或物,所有格是others,复数形式是others,the other指“两个人或物中的另一种”,其复数形式是the others,others相称于“other+名词”,因此不能充当定语,修饰名词others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分,但不是所有的,即some...others某些.・・其他的人...the others强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的所有,即some...the others.2^another泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“此外一种”由an和other合并构成,因此不能和冠词连用another修饰单数名词,例如another pencil.
3、any other指除去自身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,背面要用名词的单数形式26look短语常见的look短语有如下这些
2.look for寻找The oldman islooking forhis dog.老人在寻找他的狗
3.look like看起来像Nancy lookslike hermother.南希看起来像她母亲
4.look thesame看上去同样Li Pingand LiJing lookthesame.李萍和李晶看上去同样
5.look up查找Please lookup theword inthe dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词
6.look over仔细检查The doctorlooked overMary carefully.医生仔细检查了玛丽
7.look after照顾,照看You mustlook afteryour oldfather.。
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