高考北京卷英语真题及答案解析

年高考（北京卷）英语真题及答案解2022析2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共11页，共100分考试时长90分钟考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题;每小题

1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑One Monday morning,while thechildren wereenjoying ufreeplay”，I steppedto the doorwayof theclassroom totake abreak.Suddenly,I1a movementof theheavywooden door.This wasthe verydoor I2guided thechildren throughto ensuretheirsafety fromthe bittercold.I felta chill（寒意）go throughmy body.My legscarried me to thatdoor,and Ipushed itopen.It wasone of mykindergarteners who I thoughtwas3that day.He hadbeen droppedoff atschoollate andwas4to open the door.some ofthe biggestchallenges weface ashumans.I vealso hadexchanges withtwoquantum-computing experts.One iscomputer scientistChris JohnsonwhoIseeas someonewho helpskeep thefield honest.The otheris physicistPhilip Taylor.For decades,quantum computinghas beenlittle morethan alaboratory curiosity.Now,big techcompanies haveinvested inquantum computing,as havemany smallerones.According toBusiness Weekly,quantum machinescould helpus“cure cancer,and eventake stepsto turnclimate changein theopposite direction.This isthesort ofhype（炒作）that annoysJohnson.He worriesthat researchersaremaking promisesthey can t keep.“What snew,“Johnson wrote,“is thatmillions ofdollars arenow potentiallyavailable to quantumcomputing researchers.”As quantumcomputing attractsmore attention and funding,researchers maymisleadinvestors,journalists,the publicand,worst of all,themselves about theirwork spotential.If researcherscan tkeep theirpromises,excitement mightgiveway to doubt,disappointment andanger,Johnson warns.Lots ofother technologieshavegone throughstages ofexcitement.But somethingabout quantumcomputing makesitespecially proneto hype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because“quantum standsforsomething coolyou shouldn,t beable tounderstand.And thatbrings mebackto Taylor,who suggestedthat Iread hisbook Qfor Quantum.After Iread thebook,Taylor patientlyanswered my questions aboutit.He alsoansweredmyquestionsabout PyQuantum,the firmhe co-founded in.Taylor sharesJohnson,s concernsabout hype,but he says thoseconcerns donot applyto PyQuantum.The company,hesays,is closerthan anyother firm“by avery largemargin（幅度）to buildinga“useful”quantum computer,one that“solves animpactfulproblem that we wou1d nothave beenabletosolve otherwise.”He adds,uPeoplewill naturallydiscount myopinions,but Ihave spenta lotof timequantitativelycomparing whatwe aredoing withothers.”Could PyQuantumreally beleading all the competition,by awide margin”,as Taylorclaims Idon tknow.I mcertainly notgoing toadvise myfriend oranyoneelse toinvest inquantum computers.But Itrust Taylor,just asI trustJohnson.

31.Regarding Johnson,s concerns,the authorfeels.A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited

32.What leadsto Taylors optimismabout quantumcomputingA.His dominancein physics.B.The competitionin thefield.C.His confidencein PyQuantum.D.The investmentof techcompanies.

33.What doesthe underlinedword“prone”in Paragraph3most probablymeanA.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Which wouldbe thebest titlefor thepassageA.Is JohnsonMore CompetentThan TaylorB.Is QuantumComputing RedefiningTechnologyC.Will QuantumComputers EverCome intoBeingHe musthave beenwaiting therefor quitea while!Without aword,I rushedhimto thehospital.He wastreated forfrostbite onhis hands.He dneed time to5,and wouldnt comefor classthe nextday,I thought.The nextmorning,one ofthe firstto6was mylittle frostbittenboy.Not onlydidhe runin withenergy,but his7could beheard asloud asever!I gavehim awarmhug andtold himhow8I wasto seehim.His wordshave stayedwith me all theseyears,“I knewyou wouldopenthedoor.”That coldMondaymorning,he waiteda long,long whilefor adultsto

9.Toa child,every minutefeels likeforever.He didn,t attemptto walkback home;hewaited andtrusted.This five-year-old taughtmeapowerful lessonin

10.

1.A.caused B.spotted C.checked D.imagined

2.A.hesitantly B.randomly C.dizzily D.carefully

3.A.angry B.absent C.special D.noisy

4.A.courageous B.content C.unable D.unwilling

5.A.recover B.play C.change D.wait

6.A.settle B.gather C.arrive D.react

7.A.sneeze B.weep C.complaint D.laughter

8.A.lucky B.happy C.curious D.nervous

9.A.show upB.pull upC.hold upD.line up

10.A.gratitude B.forgiveness C.faith D.kindness第二节（共10小题;每小题

1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空请在答题卡指定区域作答AHelen waswalking downthe streetlate11the evening,her armsfilled withgrocerybags.Focused onbalancing thebags,she didnt noticeher walletfallingout ofher pocket.As Helenwalked on,she hearda mancharging towardsher.Fearfulthat hemight havean intention12harm her,Helen startedto run.Eventually,the man13catch upwith her,and hewas onlytrying toreturn herwallet!BWhy dohumans prefersome smellsover othersOne theory,increasingly14support byexperts,suggests thatsmell preferencesare learned.It seasy toexplainhow wedetermine15smells aredangerous ornot:we learn.This has beenadopted toensure easierdetection ofgas leaks.Gas naturally16have norecognisablesmell.However,a strongsmell is added sothatwe can raisethe alarmwhenwe detectthe smellassociated withdanger.CSince peoplecantalways eatout orcook for17they,they gettakeout ororderdelivery.More takeoutand morefood deliveryequal morewaste,especiallyplastic waste.That includescups,bottles,and bags,most of18are onlygood foroneuse.That sa bigproblem andit isgetting even19bad.The useof thoseplastics20increase by300%since.The worldwon tsurvive ifthis situationcontinues.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑APeer（同伴）Assisted StudySessions（PASS）is apeer-facilitated learningprogrammeavailable tostudents enrolled（注册）in mostcore unitsof studyinour businessschool.PASS involvesweekly sessionswhere youwork ingroups to tackle speciallypreparedproblem sets,based arounda unitof studyyou reenrolled in.PASS doesnt re-teach ordeliver newcontent.It san opportunityto deepenyourunderstanding ofthe keypoints fromlecture materialswhile youare applyingyourskills tosolve problems.You workinteractively withyour peers.As apeer group,you decidewhat iscoveredin each session.That way,PASS directlyresponds toyour needs and feedback.Registration inTerm2will openat9am,21September

2022.Waiting listsIfa session is full,you canregister for the waiting list.Wc willemail youif a placebecomes availableor ifa newsession isto beheld.When youare placedonawaiting list,we willemail youa numberwhich tellsyouwhere youare onthe list.If youare closetothefront ofthe list,you haveagood chanceof gaininga placein theprogramme in the nearfuture.DeregisteringIf youmiss twoPASS sessionsin arow,you willbe deregisteredand yourplacewill begiven tosomeone onthe waitinglist.Make sureyou fillin the attendancesheet ateachsessionto recordyour attendance.You11be informedby emailif youare beingderegistered asa resultof missingsessions.If youbelieve youhave received the emailin error,email thePASS officeatpassoffice@umbs.edu.

21.1n PASS,students.A.attend newlectures B.decide theirown schedulesC.prepare problemsets ingroups D.use theirskills tosolve problems

22.What canstudents doifasessionisfullA.Fill intheattendancesheet.B.Sign upforthewaitinglist.C.Report theirneedsandfeedback.D.Email theoffice theirnumbers onthelist.

23.Students willbe deregisteredif.A.they sendemails inerror B.they failto workinteractivelyC.they givetheir placesto othersD.they misstwo sessionsin arowMy nameis Alice.Early lastyear,I wastroubled byan anxietythat crippled（削弱）my abilityto doanything.I feltlike astorm cloudhung overme.Foralmost ayear Istruggled on,constantly staringat thiswall thatfaced me.Myperfectionist tendencieswere the main rootof this:I wantedto beperfect atwhateverI did,which obviouslyin lifeis notpossible,but itconsumed me.One day,I attendeda presentationby wildlifeconservationist GrantBrown atmy high school.His presentationnot onlyawed andinspired me,but alsohelped emergeaninner desireto makea differenceinthe world.I joineda pre-presentation dinnerwithhim and that smallersetting allowedmetoslowly buildup mycourage tospeakone-on-one withhim一an ideathat hadseemed completelyimpossible.This firstcontactwas wheremy storybegan.A monthlater,Brown invitedmetoattend theWorld YouthWildlife Conference.Looking back,I nowsee thatthis wouldbe thefirst ina seriesof timelyopportunitiesthat myold selfwou1d havelet pass,but thatthis newand moreconfidentAlice enthusiasticallyseized.Shortly afterI receivedhis invitation,applications tojoin the Youth forNature andtheYouthfor Planetgroups weresentaround throughmyhighschool.I decidedto committo completingthe applications,and soonI wasa part ofagrowing globalteam ofyoung peopleworking toprotectnature.Each ofthese newsteps continuedto growmy confidence.I amwriting thisjust sixmonths sincemy journeybegan andI verealisedthat mybiggest obstacle（障碍）this wholetime wasmyself.It wasthat voiceinthe backofmyhead tellingme thatone phrasethat hasstopped somany peoplefromreaching theirpotential:I cant.They saygood thingscome to those who wait;I say:grab everyopportunity witheverything youhave andbe impatient.After all,nature doesnot requireour patience,but ouraction.

24.What wasthemaincause forAlice sanxietyA.Her inabilityto acther age.B.Her habitof consumption.C.Her desireto beperfect.D.Her lackof inspiration.

25.How didGrant Brownspresentation influenceAliceA.She decidedto dosomething fornature.B.She tastedthe sweetnessoffriendship.C.She learnedabout theharm ofdesire.D.She builtup hercourage tospeakup.

26.The activitiesAlice joinedin helpedher tobecome more.A.intelligent B.confident C.innovative D.critical

27.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.Practice makesperfect.B.Patience isa cureof anxiety.C.Action isworry sworst enemy.D.Everything comestothosewhowait.C“What wouldthe worldbe ifthere wereno hungerIt sa questionthatProfessor Crystalwould askher students.They foundit hardto answer,she wrotelater,because imaginingsomething thatisn tpartofreal life—and learninghowto makeit real—isarare skill.It istaught toartists andengineers,but muchlessoften toscientists.Crystal setout tochange that,and helpedto createaglobal movement.The result—an approachknown assystems thinking一is nowseenas essentialin meetingglobal challenges.Systems thinkingis crucialto achievingtargets suchas zerohunger andbetternutrition becauseit requiresconsidering theway inwhich foodis produced,processed,delivered andconsumed,and lookingat howthose thingsintersect（交叉）with humanhealth,the environment,economics andsociety.According tosystemsthinking,changing the food system一or anyother network一requires threethingsto happen.First,researchers needto identifyalltheplayers inthat system;second,they mustwork outhow theyrelate toeach other;and third,they needto understandandquantify theimpact ofthose relationshipson eachother andon thoseoutsidethe system.Take nutrition.In thelatest UNreport onglobal foodsecurity,the numberofundernourished（营养不良）people intheworldhasbeenrising,despite greatadvancesin nutritionscience.Tracking of150biochemicals infood hasbeenimportant inrevealing therelationships betweencalories,sugar,fat andtheoccurrence ofcommon diseases.But usingmachine learningand artificialintelligence,some scientistspropose thathuman dietsconsist ofat least26,000biochemicals一andthatthe vastmajority arenot known.A systemsapproach tocreating changeis alsobuilt onthe assumptionthateveryone inthe systemhas equalpower.But assome researchersfind,the foodsystemis notan equalone.A goodway toredress（修正）such power imbalance isformore universitiestodowhat Crystaldid andteach studentshow tothink usingasystems approach.More researchers,policymakers andrepresentatives fromthefoodindustry mustlearnto lookbeyond theirdirect linesof responsibilityand adopta systemsapproach.Crystal knewthat visionsalone dont produceresults,but concludedthatwe’11never produceresults thatwecan,t envision”.

28.The authoruses thequestion underlinedin Paragraph1to.A.illustrate anargument B.highlight anopinionC.introduce thetopic D.predict theending

29.What canbe inferredaboutthefield of nutritionA.The firstobjective ofsystems thinkinghasn tbeen achieved.B.The relationshipsamong playershave beenclarified.C.Machine learningcan solvethe nutritionproblem.D.The impactofnutritioncannot bequantified.

30.As forsystems thinking,which wou1dtheauthor agreewithA.It maybe usedto justifypowerimbalance.B.It canbe appliedtotacklechallenges.C.It helpsto provewhy hungerexists.D.It goesbeyond humanimagination.DQuantum（量子）computers havebeen onmy minda lotlately.A friendhasbeen sendingme articleson howquantum computersmight helpsolve。