最高院关于民诉证据若干问题的规定（英文版）Some Provisions of the Supreme Peoples Court on Evidence in Civil Procedures

下载原文可修改文字和底色颜色查看原文[Statute Title]Some Provisionsof the Supreme Peoples Court onEvidence inCivil[现行有效]Procedures发布日期:Promulgation date:12-21-20012001-12-21生效日期:Effective date:04-01-20022002-04-01发布部门:Department:Supreme PeoplesCourt最高人民法院类别Subject:Civil Litigation民事诉讼【法规标题】最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定[Effective]Public Announcementof theSupreme PeoplesCourtSome Provisionsof theSupreme PeoplesCourt onEvidence inCivil Procedureshave beenpassed atthe1201st meetingof theJudicialCommittee of theSupreme PeoplesCourt on December6,2001,and arehereby promulgatedfor implementationas ofApril1,

2002.December21,2001Some Provisionsof theSupremePeoplesCourtonEvidence inCivil ProceduresNo.33of

[2001]The present Provisions have been formulatedon the basis of the Civil Procedure Lawof the Peoples Republicof Chinaand otherrelevant laws bycombining the civil trialexperience with the actualpractice for the purposeof ensuringthe Peoples courts*findingof facts,impartial andtimely trialof civilcases,and safeguardingand facilitatingthe parties concerned toexercise theirlitigationrights according to law.

1.Producing Evidencesby theParties ConcernedArticle1The plaintiffthat files a lawsuitor thedefendant thatfilesacounterclaim atthe Peoples court shallproduce eligibleevidentialmaterials.Article2The parties concerned shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove the facts on which theirown allegationsarebased or the factson which the allegations of the other party are refuted.Where any party cannotproduce evidence or the evidences producedcannot supportthe factsonwhich the allegationsare Article60The parties concerned may,upon the approval of the court,interrogate the witnesses,authenticators andinvestigators.When interrogatingthe witnesses,authenticators orinvestigators,no menacing,insulting ormisleading languageor meansmay beused.Article61The parties concerned mayapply to the Peoples court to have oneor twopersons with professional knowledgetoappear in court tomake accountsof the specialized questionsrelating to the case.If the Peoples court approves suchapplications,the relevantexpenses shall be borneby the party thatmakes the application.The judgesand parties concerned may interrogate the persons with professional knowledgethat appear in court.Upon theapproval of thePeoplecourt,the persons withprofessionalknowledge as applied for by eachparty concerned maycross-examine theissues concerned in the case.The personswithprofessionalknowledge mayinquire of the authenticators.Article62The court shall writedown the interrogations of the partiesinto the case fileswhich shall be signedor sealedby theparties concerned afterverfication.V.The Verificationand Affirmationof EvidencesArticle63The Peoples court shalltake the facts that can beproved byevidences as the basis of judgmentaccording tolaw.Article64The judgesshall verifythe evidencesaccording to the legalprocedures all-roundly andobjectively,shall observetheprovisions oflaw,follow theprofessional ethicsof judges,use logicreasoning anddaily lifeexperience tomake independentjudgmentsconcerning the validity and forcefulness of the evidences,and publicizethe reasonsand resultof judgment.Article65The judgesmay examineand verifya singleevidence from the followingaspects:

1.Whether the evidence isthe original document orthing;whether the photocopy or reproduction isidentical to the originaldocument or original thing;

2.Whether the evidence isrelevant to the facts of the present case;

3.Whether theforms andsources of the evidence is consistentto the legal provisions;

4.Whether the evidence isreal;

5.Whether the witness orevidence providerhas aninterest inany party concerned.Article66The judgesshall makea comprehensiveexamination andjudgment of all evidencesfrom thedegree ofconnection ofeachevidence with thefactof the case and the relationsbetween the evidences.Article67In the process of litigation,the evidenceswhich theyhave affirmedthrough compromisefor thesake ofreaching amediationor agreementor reconciliationmay not be usedby the parties concerned in laterlitigations as an evidenceunfavorable tothe other party.Article68The evidencesobtained byinfringing upon the lawfulrights andinterests ofother peopleor bythose meansprohibited bylaw may not be takenas the basis for affirming the facts of the case.Article69The following evidences may not beused independentlyas the basis foraffirming the facts of a case:

1.The testimony of aminor that is notsuitable tohis ageor intelligence;

2.The testimonyof awitness that has aninterest ina party or the agent thereof;

3.Doubtful audio-visual materials;

4.Photocopies orreproductions thatcannot beverified againstthe original document or original thing;

5.The testimonyof awitness thatfails to appear in court to bear witness.Article70If any of thefollowingevidences submitted byany party concerned isobjected by the other party whodoes nothaveopposite evidencesforceful enough to rebut them,the Peoples court shallaffirm the forcefulness thereof:

1.The originaldocument of a written evidence orthephotocopy,photo,duplicate,or excerptthatisverified as identical with theoriginal documentof the writtenevidence;

2.The original thing of a physicalevidence orthe reproduction,photo,or visualrecordings that are verifiedasidenticalwiththeoriginal thing of the physicalevidence;

3.The audio-visual materialsthat areobtained bylawful means,without anydoubt andare supportedby otherevidences orthereproductions of the audio-visual materialsthat havebeen verifiedas correct;

4.On-spot inquisitionrecords aboutthe physicalevidenceorthe scenemade according to legalprocedures by the Peoples courtupon the application ofa party concerned.Article71The validityof the authentication conclusionsmade by theauthenticationinstitutions upon the entrustmentof thePeoples court shall be affirmedif the parties concerneddo nothave opposite evidences orreasons forcefulenoughtorebutthem.Article72If the evidences produced by oneof the parties areaffirmed by the other partyorcannot berebutted by the oppositeevidencesproducedby the other party,the forcefulnessthereof shall be affirmed by the Peoples court.If theevidence producedby oneof the parties isobjected the other partyor isrebutted by the oppositeevidences of the other party,and if the oppositeevidences of the other partyareaffirmed,theforcefulness of theoppositeevidences shall be affirmed.Article73Where bothparties concernedproduces contradictingevidences to prove a same factbut neitherhas enoughevidenceto rebutthe evidences of theother party,the Peoples court shalldetermine whichevidences areobviously more forceful than theother evidencesby takingthecaseinto consideration,and shallaffirm the evidences that are more forceful.If the facts ofa caseare notidentifiable due to theinability todetermine theforcefulnessof the evidences,the Peoples court shallmakea judgmentaccording to the rulesfor distributingthe burden of proof.Article74In the process oflitigation,the factsthat areaffirmed asunfavorable toa partyitself and the evidences that havebeenaffirmed by the parties concernedin theb川of complaint,bill ofdefense,statements of the parties concerned orthe statementofthe procuratorshall be affirmed by the Peoplescourt,unless the party concernedgoes backon itsown wordsand has adequateevidences tooverthrow the said evidences.Article75Where there are evidences to prove thata party possessestheevidencebut refusesto provideit withoutgood reasonsandif theother partyclaims that theevidenceis unfavorableto thepossessor of theevidence,it may be deducedthat theclaimstands.Article76Where aparty makes statements for its allegationsbut fails to provideother relevantevidences,the allegationsthereofshall not beaffirmed,unless theother partyso affirms.Article77The forcefulnessof more than oneevidence concerningasamefact may be determined by the Peoplescourtaccordingto thefollowing principles:

1.The documentsformulated bystate organsor socialbodies according to theirrespective functionsare,as ageneral rules,moreforceful than other written evidences;

2.The physical evidences,archive files,authentication conclusions,on-spot inquisitionrecordings and thewrittenevidences thathavebeen notarizedor registeredare,as ageneral rule,more forcefulthanotherwrittenevidences,audio-visual materialsandtestimonies;

3.The originalevidences are,as ageneral rule,moreforcefulthan thederivative evidences;

4.The directevidences are,as ageneral rule,moreforcefulthan indirectevidences;

5.The testimonyofawitness thatis favorableto the party concernedwho isa relation thereof orwith whomthe party concerned isinother closerelations are,asageneral rule,less forcefulthanthe testimonyofother witnesses.Article78When affirming thetestimonyofawitness,the Peoplescourt maydecide onthe basisof comprehensiveanalysis of theintelligence,moral character,knowledge,experience,legal consciousness,professional abilities,etc.of the witnesses.Article79The Peoplescourt shall specify in the judgmentsthe reasonswhy anevidenceisadopted.The reasonswhy the evidences to which the parties concernedhave noobjection areadopted neednot bespecified in thejudgments.VI.Other ProvisionsArticle80The lawfulrights andinterests of the witnesses,authenticators andinquisitors shall be protected.In caseanyparty concerned or other participantoflitigationcounterfeits ordestroys evidences or producesfalse evidencesorprevents anywitness frombearing witnessor instigatesor bribesor threatensother peopleto givefalse testimoniesor takesrevengeagainst anywitness,authenticator orinquisitor,it shall be dealtwith aspursuant toArticle102of theCivil ProcedureLaw.Article81The casesheard bythe Peoplescourt onthebasisof simplifiedprocedures shall not beconfined tothe provisions ofArticle32,Paragraph3of Article33and Article79of the presentProvisions.Article82Where any of thejudicial interpretationsmade bythis courtin thepast contradictsthe presentProvisions,the presentProvisions shall prevail.Article83The presentProvisions shall be implementedas ofApril1,

2002.The presentProvisions shallnot beapplicable tothecases offirst instance,second instanceor retrialthat have not beenended byApril1,

2002.As for thecivilcases that havebeenheard prior totheimplementation of the presentProvisions,if anyparty requestsfor retrialonthe groundthat thehearing of thecasewas againstthe presentProvisions,such requestshallnot be supportedbythe PeoplescourtThe civilcases acceptedfor retrialafter theimplementation of the presentProvisions and the Peoplescourt hearsthe caseson thebasisof theprovisions of Article184of theCivil ProcedureLaw,thepresentProvisionsshallapply.©Copyrigh ChinalawinfoCo.,Ltdbased,the party concerned thatbears the burdenof proof shallundertake unfavorableconsequences.Article3The Peoplescourt shallinform the parties concernedof therequirements for producing evidencesand theof thecorrespondinglegal liabilitiesso that the parties concerned mayproduce evidenceactively,completely,correctly andhonestlywithin thereasonable time period.Any partywho cannotindependently collectevidences due to objective reasons mayrequest the Peoplescourt to collectafterinvestigations.Article4The burdenof proofin thetort actionsshall beassumed according tothefollowing rules:

1.In apatent infringement action resulting from theinnovation-creation ofways ofproducing newproducts,the entityor individualthat produces thesame product shall provethat theways usedare differentfrom thoseof thepatent holder;

2.In aninfringement actionresultingfrompersonal damagecaused byhighly dangerousoperations,the infringingperson shall beresponsible for producing evidences to provethat argumentthat the victim causedthe injury;

3.In acompensation lawsuitfor damagescaused byenvironmental pollution,the infringingparty shall be responsibleforproducing evidenceto provethe existenceof exemptions of liabilities as provided in lawsor that there is no causal relationshipbetween thehis actand theharmful consequences;

4.In aninfringement actionof damagescaused bythe collapse,breaking offor fallingofabuilding orother facilitiesand thethingthat islaid orhung onthe building,the ownerof administratorof thebuilding shall be responsiblefor producing evidences;

5.In aninfringement actionof damagescaused byan animal,thepersonwho raisesor managesthe animalshall be responsiblefor producing evidencesto provethat thevictimis at fault orany third party isat fault;

6.In aninfringement actionof damagescaused bya defectiveproduct,the producerof theproductshallbe responsibleforproducing evidencesto provethat thereexist theexemptionsofliabilitiesas providedinlaws;

7.In aninfringement actionof damagescaused bycommon danger,the personswho committhe commondanger shallberesponsible for producing evidencesto provethat thereis nocausal relationshipbetween theact thereofand theharmfulconsequences;

8.In aninfringementactionof damagescaused bymedical acts,the medicalinstitution shallbe responsiblefor producingevidencestoprovethatthereisnocausalrelationshipbetween themedical actand theharmful consequencesor it is notatfault.Where thereare specialprovisions inrelevantlawsconcerning theproducing of evidences,such provisionsshall prevail.Article5In acontractual dispute,the party that claimsthe establishmentof contractualrelationship and the contract has takeneffectshallbe responsiblefor producing evidencestoprovethatthe contracthas been concludedand thatit hastaken effect;theparty that claims thatthecontracthasbeenaltered,dissolved,terminated orcanceled shallbe responsiblefor producing evidencesto provethe changesof thecontract.In adispute overwhether acontract isperformed,the partyunder theobligation ofperforming thecontract shallbe responsibleforproducing evidences;In adispute overthe powerof agency,theparty thatclaimsthe existenceof suchpower shallberesponsiblefor producingevidences.Article6In adispute oflabor,ifthedispute iscaused bythe employingentitys decisionof kickout,removal from the nameroll,dismissal,dissolution ofcontract,reducing remuneration,calculation ofworking yearsof thelaborer,the employingentity shallberesponsible forproducingevidences.Article7Where thereare noexplicit statutoryprovisions and it is not possibleto definewho shallberesponsiblefor producingevidencesaccordingtothepresentProvisions orother judicialinterpretations,the Peoplescourt maydeterminethe burdenof proofaccordingtothe principle of fairnessand theprincipleofhonesty andcredit andtaking suchelements as theability toproduce evidences into consideration.Article8In theprocess oflitigation,if aparty explicitlyacknowledges the facts alleged bytheotherparty,theotherparty needsnotto produce evidences with,however,the exception of casesthat involvespersonal identification.If theotherpartyneither acknowledgesnor deniesthefactsallegedbyapartyand stillfailstoexplicitly expressesconfirmation ordenialafter thejudge has made adequateaccounts andinquiries,it shallbe deemed as confirmingthesaidfacts.If any of the parties concernedentrusts agentsto participatein the litigation,the affirmationof theagent shallbe thatof the partiesconcerned,however,withtheexceptionof the affirmationof factsmade bytheagentwithout specialauthorization thatleads totheaffirmation of thelitigationallegationsof theotherparty.If theparty concernedis presentbut failsto denythe affirmationmade bytheagent thereof,the affirmationshallbedeemed asthe affirmationof theparty concerned.If anyof the parties concernedwithdraws itsaffirmation andobtains theapproval of theotherparty prior totheend of court debate,or hasadequate evidencestoprovethat itsaffirmation hasbeen madedue tothreat orgross misunderstandingortheaffirmationis notconsistent withthefacts,theparty concerned shallnot beexempted fromtheburdenofproof.Article9The facts as mentionedbelow neednot beproved bythe parties concerned bypresenting evidences:

1.The factsthat areknow byall people;

2.Natural lawsand theorems;

3.The factthatcanbe inducedaccordingtolegal provisionsor knownfacts orthe ruleof experienceof dailylife;

4.The factsaffirmed in the judgmentof the Peoplescourtthat hastaken effect;

5.The factsaffirmed in the awardofthearbitration organthat hastaken effect;

6.The factsthathavebeen provedinthevalid notarydocuments.The factsas mentioned in items1,3,4,5,6ofthe preceding paragraphshallbeexcluded ifthey canbe overthrownby contraryevidences ofthe parties concerned.Article10When producingevidencestothe Peoplescourt,the partiesconcerned shallsubmit the originaldocument or originalthing.If theparty concernedneed topreserve the originaldocument or original thing oftheevidenceor ifitisdifficult tosubmit theoriginal document ororiginalthing,a photocopyorreproductionthat hasbeen deemedasthe original bythe Peoplescourt afterverificationmay be submitted.Article37The Peoplescourt may,upon the application ofthe partiesconcerned,arrange forthem to exchange evidencesprior toholdinga sessionofcourthearing.As forthe casesfor whichthereareplenty of evidencesorwhich aredifficult innature,the Peoplescourt shallarrange fortheparties concerned to exchange evidences after the expirationofthe time period for replybut prior to holdinga sessionof courthearing.Article38The timefor exchanging evidences maybe agreedupon bythe partiesconcerned and be subject totheapproval ofthePeoples court,orit maybedeterminedbythe Peoplescourt.Where the Peoplescourtarranges forthepartiesconcernedtoexchangeevidences,the daywhen evidencesare exchangedisthe daywhen thetime period forproducingevidences expires.Where the application ofthepartiesconcerned forextending thetime periodforproducingevidencesis approved bythe Peoplescourt,the datefor exchanging evidencesshallalso beextendedaccordingly.Article39The exchange of evidencesshallbe conducted underthe chargeofthe judges.In theprocess ofchangingevidences,thejudgesshall recordinthecase filesthefactsand evidencestowhichthepartiesconcernedhavenoobjection.If theyhave anyobjection to anyofthe evidences,such evidencesshallberecorded downaccordingto theclassified factsthat needto beproved andshallspecifythe reasonsfor suchobjection.Through the exchangeof evidences,the majorissues aboutthe disputesof bothpartiesconcernedare determined.Article40Where anypartyconcernedrebuts andsubmits new evidences afterreceiving theevidences exchangedbytheotherparty,the Peoplescourt shallinform themtoexchangethe new evidences ata designatedtime.As ageneral rules,there shallnot bemorethan two exchangesofevidences,unless thecase isvery important,difficult orverycomplicated innature and the Peoplescourt believesit necessary tohaveanother exchangeofevidences.Article41The“new evidencesasprovidedin paragraph1of Article125oftheCivil ProcedureLaw shall refer toanyofthefollowing circumstances:

1.The newevidencesofthe first instance hearinginclude:theevidencesnewly foundbythepartiesconcernedafter the expirationof thetime periodforproducingevidences inthe firstinstance courthearing;theevidenceswhichthepartiesconcernedcannotprovide during thetime periodforproducingevidencesdue toobjective reasonsand stillcannot provideduring the extended timeperiodapprovedbythe Peoplescourt;

2.The newevidencesofthe second instance hearinginclude:theevidencesnewly found after the first instanceshearing isfinished;theevidenceswhichthepartiesconcernedapplied,prior totheexpirationofthetime periodforproducingevidences inthefirst instance hearing,tothe Peoplescourtfor investigationand collectionbut failed to beapproved butcollected bythe secondinstancecourt upon theapplicationofthepartiesconcernedwhich believesit necessaryto grantapproval tothe applicationthereof.Article42Where anypartyconcernedsubmits newevidences inthefirstinstancehearing,such evidencesshallbesubmittedprior tothe startofthefirstinstancehearing or priortothe holding ofa session.Where anypartyconcernedsubmits newevidences intheprocess ofthesecond instancehearing,such evidencesshall besubmittedpriortothe startofthesecondinstanceorpriortotheholdingofasession.Where itis notnecessarytohold asession,they shallbesubmittedduring thetimeperioddesignated bythe Peoplescourt.Article43Where theevidencessubmittedbythepartiesconcernedafterthetimeperiodforproducingevidences expiresare notnewevidences,they shallnotbeaccepted bythePeoplescourt.Where anyevidence failstobeprovided bythepartiesconcerned during theextendedtimeperiodupontheapproval ofthePeoplescourt due toobjectivereasonsandthefailure tohear such evidence mayresult ininjustice,suchevidencemay bedeemed as newevidence.Article44The term“newevidencesas mentionedin Item1,Paragraph1ofArticle179oftheCivilProcedureLaw shallrefer totheevidences newlyfoundafterthe courthearing ofthe originalinstance isfinished.Where anypartyconcernedsubmits newevidencesintheprocessof retrial,it shallsubmit suchevidences whenit appliesforretrial.Article45Where anypartyconcernedproduces newevidences,thePeoplescourt shallinform theotherpartyto putforward itsopinionsor produceevidences duringa reasonableperiod oftime.Article46Where acase isremanded fora newtrial orthe judgmentof whichis changedduringthesecond trialor retrialasaresultthat anypartyconcernedfailedtoproduceevidencesduringtheprescribed timelimit,theoriginaljudgment shallnotbeconsideredto bea wrongjudgment.Where aparty pleadsthattheotherpartythatproducesnewevidencesbear thereasonable expensesincurredfromthetraveling,loss ofworking time,the witnesss appearance at court,litigation,etc.andthedirect lossesincurredtherefrom,such pleadingsshallbeaffirmedbythePeoplescourt.IV.Cross-ExaminationArticle47Evidences shallbe presentedat court andbecross-examined bythepartiesconcerned.Any evidencethathasnotbeen cross-examined shallnotberendered asthebasis foraffirmingthefactsofthecase.The evidencesthatareaffirmed andrecorded downinthecase filesintheprocessofexchangingevidencesmay,upon thestatementof judgesat courthearing,be takenasthebasisforaffirmingthefactsofthecase.Article48The evidencesthat involvethe statesecrets,business secrets,personal privacyorotherevidencesthatshallbekeptsecret accordingto relevantprovisionsoflawmay notbecross-examined inpublic atthe courthearings.Article49When cross-examining writtenevidences,physicalevidencesor audio-visual materials,thepartiesconcerned shallbeentitled todemand theotherpartyto present theoriginaldocumentororiginalthingwiththeexcept ofanyofthe followingcircumstances:

1.It isindeed difficultto present theoriginaldocumentororiginalthinganditis approvedbythePeoplescourtto presentthereproduction orphotocopy thereof;

2.The originaldocumentororiginalthingisnotexisting butevidences showthattheproduction orphotocopy isidentical totheoriginaldocumentororiginalthing.Article50When cross-examining evidences,thepartiesconcerned shallconcentrate onthe genuineness,relativity,lawfulness oftheevidences,and makeinterrogations,accounts anddebates concerningthevalidityandforcefulnessoftheevidences.Article51The cross-examination shallbeconductedinthefollowing sequence:

1.The plaintiffpresents evidences,andthedefendant orthird partycross-examines;

2.The defendantpresents evidences,andthe plaintiff orthirdpartycross-examines;

3.The thirdparty presentsevidences,andthedefendant andtheplaintiffcross-examines.The evidences collected bythePeoplescourt upontheapplicationofthepartiesconcernedshallbedeemedasthe evidencesprovidedbythepartythathasmadetheapplication.The Peoplescourt shallpresenttheevidencescollectedaccordingtoits functions,listen tothe opinionsoftheparties concernedandmake accountoftheinvestigation uponand collectionoftheevidences.Article52Where thereare morethantwoindependent allegations,thepartiesconcernedmaypresenttheevidences oneby oneforcross-examination.Article53Any onewho cannotcorrect expresshis orher mindmaynotbeawitness.The personswith nocapacity for civil conductorthepersonswithlimited capacityforcivilconduct whoare suitableforthefacts tobeaffirmed interms ofage,intelligibility ormental healthmaybewitnesses.Article54The applicationofthepartiesconcernedfor havingwitnesses to appear atcourtshallbe filedten daysbefore thetimeperiod forproducingevidencesexpires andshallbesubjecttotheapproval ofthePeoplescourt.In casethePeoplescourtapprovestheapplicationofthepartyconcerned,it shallinform the witnesses involvedpriortotheopening ofthe courthearing andinform themthat theyshall testifyonthebasisoffactsaswell asthelegalconsequences ofgivingfalse testimony.The reasonableexpenses incurredfromthewitnesssappearanceatcourtfor testimonyshallbepaid inadvance bythepartythatprovides thewitnesses andbe bornebythepartythatloses thesuit.Article55Witnesses shall appear in courttotestify andshall acceptthe cross-examination ofthepartiesconcerned.Where thewitnessappears attheexchangeofevidencesorganized bythePeoplescourtandmakesstatementsas testimony,itmaybedeemedashaving appearedin courtasawitness.Article56The phrase“thewitnesscannot appearin courtdue toreal difficulties“as mentionedin Article70oftheCivil ProcedureLawshallrefertoanyofthefollowing circumstances:

1.Being unable to appearin courtdue toold age,debility orunable totravel;

2.Being unableto leavedue tothespecialpost thereof;

3.Being unableto appearin courtduetolong distanceand inconvenientcommunications;

4.Being unabletoappearin courtduetoforce majeuresuch asnatural disaster,etc;

5.Other specialcircumstances ofbeing unabletoappearincourt.In anyofthecircumstances asmentionedintheprecedingparagraph,thewitness may,upontheapproval ofthePeoplescourt,bear witnessby wayof submittinga writtentestimony oraudio-visual materialsorbymeans oftwo-way audio-visual transmissiontechnology.Article57The witnessthat appearsincourtto bear witness shallobjectively statethefactsthat hehas feltin person.If thewitnessis deafor mute,he maybearwitnessby othermeans.When bearingwitness,thewitnessesmaynotuse languageof conjecture,induction orcomments.Article58The judgesandthepartiesconcernedmayinterrogatethewitnesses.No witnessmay auditthe courthearing.Wheninterrogating awitness,no otherwitnessmaybe present.When itthinks necessary,thePeoplescourt mayallow thewitnesses tocross-examine eachother.Article59The authenticatorsshallappearincourtto accepttheinterrogations ofthepartiesconcerned.Where anyauthenticator isunabletoappearincourtdueto specialreasons,he may,upontheapprovalofthePeoplescourt,answer theinterrogationsofthepartiesconcernedinwriting.。