2025年英语四级语法核心要点全面梳理

四级语法知识点总结一时态所谓的〃时态〃，就是时间+状态谓语动词的时态见下表过去目前未来过去未来一般did dowill/shall doshould/would do进行was/were doingam/is/are doingwill/shall bedoing/完毕had donehave/has donewill/shall havedone should/would havedone用于虚拟语气完毕进行had beendoing have/has beendoing//

1.积极形式过去目前未来过去未来一般was/were given am/is/are given will/shall begiven should/would begiven进行was/were beinggivenam/is/are beinggiven//完毕had been given have/has beengivenwill/shall have been should/would havegivenbeengiven完毕进行///

2.被动形式CET-4常考的三种时态过去完毕时；未来完毕时；（目前/过去）完毕进行时♦♦时间状语从句当中的时态♦♦「一般过去时〕「所有的过去用《一般目前时上表达《目前和未来〔目前完毕时」〔目前完毕和未来完毕二非谓语动词

1.不定式一）不定式的常考形式1）一般形式He decidedto workharder in order tocatch upwith theothers.被动形式He preferredto beassigned someheavier workto do.语法功能表达与谓语动词同步发生2）完毕形式He pretendednot to have seenme.被动形式The bookis saidtohavebeen translatedinto manylanguages.语法功能表达发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点1）不定式做定语一一将要发生2）不定式做状语一一目的3）不定式充当名词功能------To seeis to believe.三）不定式的省略感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel+do表达动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表达动作的持续性，进行性I sawhim workin thegarden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了（强调〃我看见了〃这个事实）I sawhim workingin thegarden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活（强调〃我见他正干活〃这个动作）感官动词背面接形容词而不是副词The caketastes good\It feelscomfortable.使役动词have bidmake let等词后不定式要省略但同1）同样被动后来要还原toI dlike tohave Johndo it.1have mypackage weighed.Paul doesnt have tobemade tolearn.help help sb dohelpsb to dohelp dohelp to do四）有些动词后只跟不定式如want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect allowsb to do,cause sbto do,permit sbto do,enable sbto doforcesbtodo.be morelikely todo lovetodowarn sbtodobe ableto dobeambitious todo.begin todo.start todo五）有的时候to背面要接-ing形式accustom（oneself）to;be accustomedto;face upto;in additionto;look forwardto;object to;be reducedto;resign oneselfto;be resignedto;resort to;sink to;be usedto;be alternativeto;be close/closenessto;be dedication/dedicated to;be opposition/opposed to;besimilarity/similar to.

2.动名词具有动作性特性的名词1）是名词seeing isbelieving2）具有动词性特性可以带宾语starving troopsis necessary.一）动名词的形式一般形式I dontlike yousmoking.完毕形式I regretnot havingtaken youradvice.被动形式This questionis farfrom beingsettled.二）动名词常考的点1）动名词做主语谓语动词为单数2）在动名词和不定式中，做为介词的宾语是动名词3）动名词的否认直接在其前加否认词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I wouldappreciate backthis afternoon.A.you tocall B.you callC.you callingD.youre calling（Key Cyour calling也对）I regretnot havingtaken youradvice.4）有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;it entails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feel like;finish;forgive;cant help;hinder;imagine;it involves;keep;it means;mention;mind;miss;itnecessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...此外尚有某些接-ing形式的常用说法its nogood;its no/little/hardly any/use;itsnot/hardly/scarcely use;its worthwhile;spend money/time;theres no;theres nopoint in;theres nothingworse than;whats theuse/point...5）有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,cease,mean背面用不定式和一ing形I rememberedto postthe letters.（指未来/过去未来的动作）Irememberedposting/havingpostingtheletters（我记得这个动作）forgot与remember的使用方法类似I regretto informyou that…我很遗憾地告知你…I regrettedhaving leftthe firmafter twentyyears.为了〃二十年前的离开〃而遗感try to「努力You reallymust tryto overcomeyour shyness.try-ing试验Try practicingfive hoursa day.I meanto go,but myfather wouldnot allowme to.［打算、想］我想去，但我父亲不让我去To raisewage meansincreasing purchasingpower.6意妹W7赠力口工资意味着增长购置力prefer的使用方法我宁愿在这里等I preferto waithere.（因此啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去）I prefer力are.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这样做）I preferswimming tocycling.（这个句子里面就不能用不定式了）3分词目前分词积极进行,过去分词被动状态目前分词的形式1）一般式Do yousee theman talkingto thedean（主任）（与谓语动词同步发生）2）完毕形式Not havingmade adequatepreparations,they failed.（发生谓语动词之前）3）完毕被动形式Having beenadapted,the scriptseems perfect.（发生谓语动词之前且表达被动）过去分词1）过去分词表达被动Fight nobattle unprepared.2）过去分词的进行形式Youll findthe topicbeing discussedeverywhere.（强调正在被做）这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合构造，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语他们之间的一致关系一一积极还是被动，往往就是考点独立主格构造中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的积极被动的关系三虚拟语气情态动词所体现的也许性程度must/can，t fshould/shouldn，t玲might/may（not）此外两个〃类情态词的形式〃need/neednt;have to/don，t havetoO最自然的虚拟状态由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）本质上是过玉未来时:即，时间固定在过去未来，状态不一样一般、进行、完毕、完毕进行这时〃虚拟语气〃的产生往往是由于我们要体现〃本来应当……〃（而目前却还没有……）（本来可以……，本来能……）I shouldgo!（…but Imstill here!）（一般）I shouldbe workingnow!（进行）I shouldhave practicedmore（than Idid）!（完毕）我应当多多练习！（言下之意，目前我练习得不多）I shouldntdream away my time too much!（完毕的否认）（actually Idid dreamawaymytimetoomuch!）It shouldnthavebeenleaking forsuch along time!（完毕进行）I may/might/could havefinished!某（完毕）些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气,被省而处在从句之中，should常常略掉o suggest,advise,propose,recommend,plan;o demand,order,direct,arrange,command,decide;o require,request;o think,expect,believe,insist,suspect.由于他们的含义中包括〃提议，假设，应当〃此类的含义，因此，由他们引起的从句中，就会包具有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句尚有其他的变形主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句Its suggestedthat…My suggestionis that…The onlysuggestion that...The onlysuggestion Ican giveyou nowis that…某些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的状况r important;necessary;essentialIt pnatural;strange;incredible thatapity;a shame;no wonder由lest,for fearthat,in case引起的从句中多使用should体现与事实相反

1.与目前相反:使用［过去时］:I wishI were not here!（一般目前分一般过去）Suppose wewerenothere.（一般目前分一般过He lovedme asif Iwere hisown son.去）Hope Iweren talways losingthings!（目前进行分过去进If only/If I hadn t been there!行）What if Ihadntbeenwaiting righthere!（目前完毕进行分过去完毕（目前完毕分过去完进行）毕）常考句型:Its（high）time（that）•••;would rather（that）…这两个从句,只能体现对目前的见解，因此，从句中只有一般过去时

2.与过去相反:过去完毕时；How niceit isif Ihad pastthe test!How niceit isifIhad slepta littlemore thismorning!

3.与未来相反未来的事情没有发生，因此只能推测If itrains tomorrow,we11havetostay oneday more.不过，由于可以用be to表达未来；因此，虚拟语气中常常出现wereto；也是CET-4的常考语法点虚拟条件句o if部分，做一种与事实相反的假设（因此只有一般过去和过去完生）;o王句部分，这是表达基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would,少数状况下使用could/might/may0o注意两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联络:注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，导致were/had提前，产生倒装♦♦隐含的非真实条件♦What wouldyou dowith50thousand dollarHowcould Ibe happywithout you除了条件状语从句之外，原因状语从句也会出现虚拟语气o由inorderthat,so that引起的从句，肯定的时候可以使用may/might;can/could;否认的时候，多用shouldnt;o whoever,whatever,no matterwhat弓|起的从句中，多用may+。