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四级听力复习方略四级听力复习要养成复述和做笔记的习惯抢读预测”即运用导言及题与题之间的间隙,提前扫视选项,预测出题方向,以便等录音内容开始时可以有目的地捕捉所需信息“五边处理法”即边听,边理解,边复述(合用于单句、短对话和数据方面的内容),边做笔记,边猜测(推断)这里我们重点谈谈“立即复述”、“做笔记”与听的关系以及这“二边”的详细操作措施诸多同学讲,“考听力时我都听懂了,可等到作选择的时候,却仿佛有二分之一都记不清了”这是极正常的,原因是我们在听的时候,大部分注意力在理解方面,加上没有及时对所提细节做笔记,自然便会听了背面忘了前面,而听力测试的重点往往就在细节的辨识上因此,考生不仅要听懂录音中的语言信息,还应通过某些有效途径在短时内强记重要信息,如年代、人物、事件、地点、单价、折扣价(幅度)、门牌号等一种人虽然记忆力再好,要记清如此多的细节也不轻易,那么只有靠笔记帮忙
331.1养成立即复述的习惯记笔记是有诀窍的在听单句(statement)时,由于句子完全孤立,没有任何语境,又只念一遍,听者只能靠一遍的理解和记忆,在选择项中找出意思与原文相似或相近者因此,精确捕捉所给信息是问题的关键这时必须借助“立即复述”这一有效手段,即在听录音时以仅落后1一2秒的时间立即反复原试句,以协助强化记忆,作出对的选择有人曾作过试验,成果表明“一种语言信号只通过外耳道,在大脑中理解记忆的也许性假设为一,那么通过口头复述,在大脑中理解记忆的也许性则为三由于同一信号通过外耳道传入大脑,而另一部分声音则直接从口腔通过内耳道传入大脑,因此,复述一次的效果是不复述的三倍”因而,考生在平时训练中很有必要加强复述练习,它首先可以协助你加深对听懂部分的印象,另首先也有助于重新理解、咀嚼未听懂部分,从而有效捕捉并记录重要信息点,提高精确率“立即复述”关键在“立即”二字,若等到一句话念完了再去复述,就很难记清全句,复述也就失去了意义对的的操作措施是当一句话刚一开始,你就以仅慢1〜2秒的速度紧跟其后,出声跟读,仿佛你的复述是原试句的回声,并在复述的同步进行理解并做记录此法在教学实践中使用过数年,得到使用者的一致肯定做复述练习的好处还不仅限于此,它还能协助你增强信心,集中注意力,纠正发音,复述多了,还能培养语感,有助于口语的提高学会做笔记做笔记能协助我们理解听力材料,提高辨别有用信息和无用信息的能力更重要的一点还在于它能帮我们减轻大脑的承担,完整而精确地把握所听材料的重要内容记笔记的方式可因人而异你可以在选择项旁尽量记下文中所提及的人名、地名、多种数据、事实和理由等你认为重要的信息好的笔记应是对所听内容作出的简要提纲,可以用关键词,也可以用短语或句子来表达,关键是要简洁、明白、快捷你也可以边听边迅速查对A、B、C、D各项内容,用对错号加以标示,或针对不一样选项就内容做简朴笔记(后两种措施在对话部分较实用)例如WI hopethe libraryis opennow.MLook atthe sign.It says9a.m.to5p.m.weekdays9a.m.to3p.m.Saturdays9a.m.to12noon Sundays.QWhen willthe librarybe openon SaturdaysA.From9a.m.to5p.m.weekdays补该主题所欠缺的内容,然后为下一段设个引子,使文章有连贯性和整体感
3.主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开展开的方式包括举例example,比较comparison,对比contrast,因果关系cause andeffect,变化过程process和下定义definition等,可以根据需要任选一种或综合若干种方式,要确定与题目及主题句均有关系,有时还与首段的段尾句有关系
4.结尾段有不一样的结尾方式,如对短文的重要论点来一种restatement,但不是repetition对于讲生产某种东西的阐明文其结尾对final product有所交待;劝说性的文章的结尾则可以是付之行动的呼吁或对后果的警告;描述文的结尾可以给出总的印象;议论文的结尾可作出总的判断……不管用哪一种方式结尾,都应当给读者一种顺理成章的感觉
5.在30分钟内写一篇100—120个词的短文,不需要边写边记录字数,一般只要每段写五个句子就够了,当然所有句子必须紧紧围绕主题,前后有照应.
6.就文章的体裁而言,由于四级考试的文章,无论是叙事还是阐明,都不也许规定讲得很详细,描写也不也许规定很细腻,议论更不也许规定讲得很透彻因此考生只要纯熟掌握段落和文章的展开方式就可以稳操胜券了为了让考生对四级写作有个更清晰的理解,笔者特地附上-四级真题及范文见书后附录四级作文常用句型总结以上笔者从段落的扩充方面全面的论述了写作的技巧,数年的教学经验,笔者总结了某些四级写作常用的句型
一、比较
1.The advantagesfar outweighthe disadvantages.
2.The advantagesof Aare muchgreater thanthose of B.
3.A maybe preferable to B,but Asuffers from the disadvantagesthat...
4.It isreasonable tomaintain thatbut it wouldbe foolish/absurd/ridiculous toclaimthat...
5.For/Despite/Although it has/In spiteof allthe disadvantages,it has itscompensating advantages/favorable aspects/positive sides.
7.A andB hasseveral points/nothing/something/little incommon.
8.A bearssome resemblancesto Bas follows:.
9.However,the sameis notapplicable toB.
10.A andB differin severalways.
11.Evidently,it hasboth negativeand positiveeffects.
12.People usedto thinkbut thingsare differentnow.,but it is not the casenowadays.
13.The sameis trueofB.
14.Wondering asA is,ithas its drawbacks.
15.It istrue thatA...,but thechief faultsobvious defectsare...
二、原因
1.A numberof factorsare accountable/responsible forthis situation.A numberof factorsmight contribute to lead to accountfor/bring about/result inthephenomenonproblem.
2.The answerto thisproblem involvesmany factors.
3.The phenomenonmainly stems/results fromthe fact that/Government hasnttakeeffective measuresto controlthe situation,people have always takenan indifferentattitudetoward it.
4.The factorsthat contributeto thissituation include...
5.The changein...largely resultsfromthe factthat...
6.We mayblame...but thereal causesare...Blame...for...
97.Part of the explanations/reasons forit is that...
三、后果
1.It maygive riseto ahost ofproblems,result in/lead to/bring about/produce aseriesof/a sequenceof
2.The immediateresult itproduces is...
3.It willexercise aprofound influenceupon...have andecisive/important/deepeffect onhave aninfluence onbe effectivein beinfluential intake effectin workanastonishing/amazing changein
4.Its consequencecan beso greatthat...
四、批驳
1.It istrue thatbutone vitalpoint isbeing leftout.
2.There is a grainof truthin thesestatements,but theyignore amore importantfact.
3.Some peoplesay butit doesnot holdwater.
4.Many ofus have been underthe illusion/a falseidea that...
5.A closeexamination wouldreveal howridiculous thestatement is.If wetake acloselook/examination,we willfind howridiculous thestatement is./that thestatement isridiculous.
6.It makesno senseto arguefor...
7.Too muchstress/attention/focus placedon...may leadto...
8.Such astatement mainlyrests on/builds on/is basedon theassumption that...
9.Contrary towhat iswidely accepted,I maintain/hold/hold theopinion/view/take thestandpoint/point of view/perspective that...
五、举例
1.A goodcase inpoint is...A typicalexample is....The followingexample/case maybeconvincing/persuasive...
2.As anillustration,we maytake...be giveneasily,
3.Such examplesmight asan example.
4....is oftencited
六、证明
1.No onecan denythe factthat...
2.The ideais hardlysupported byfacts.
3.Unfortunately,none of the availabledata/evidence/information/shows...
4.Recent studiesindicate/show/display/convey theidea that...
5.There issufficient/enough/abundant evidenceto showthat...
6.According tostatistics provedby itcan beseen that...
七、开篇
1.Many nationshave beenfaced withthe problemof...
2.Recently the problem has been broughtinto focus.
3.Recently thephenomenon hasbecome aheated topic.
4.Recently theissue hasaroused greatconcern among...
5.Nowadays there is agrowing concernover...
6.Never inour historyhas theidea that...been sopopular.
7.Faced withquite a few peopleargue that...
8.According to a recentsurvey,...
9.With therapid developmentof society,economy/science andtechnology/
八、结尾
1.From whathasbeendiscussed above,we candraw/make/come to/the conclusionthat...
2.It ishigh time that strictmeasures weretaken tostop...It istimethat we didsth....
3.It isnecessary thatsteps should be takento...
4.In conclusion,it isimperative that...
5.There is no easymethod,but...might be of somehelp.
6.To solvethe above-mentioned problem,we must...
7.In summary,if wecontinue toignore theabove-mentioned issue,more problemswillcrop up.
8.With theefforts of all partsconcerned,theproblemwill besolved thoroughly.
9.We mightdo more than identifythe cause;it isimportant to take actionsto...
10.Taking allthese into account,we...
11.Whether it is goodor not/positive ornegative,one thingis certain/clear...掌握文章的科学合理布局,写作时如能合理合用上述的句型,将有助于在写作中获得优秀的成绩四级考试加分句型种72掌握上述的段落的开展措施后来,考生在写作中讲能愈加合理的扩充段落一种好的段落由若干个句子构成,考生在考试中可以在合理布局的基础上重视单个句子的提炼,考生的作文将会愈加的精彩,下面就某些在四级考试也许加分的句型中总结给大家,但愿对大家的考试有所协助Lit作先行主语和先行宾语的某些句型She hadsaid whatit wasnecessary to say.
2.强调句型It isnot whorules usthat isimportant,but howhe rulesus.
3.”AH+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”very+形容词He was all gentlenessto her.
4..运用词汇反复表达强调A crimeis acrime acrime.
5.Msomethingmuchof nnothinglittleofnsomething of相称于to someextent,表达程度在疑问句或条件从句中,则为anything of,可译为有点“,”略微等心译为毫无「“全无“much of”译为“大有“,“not muchoF可译为”算不上”称不上二little of”可译为“几乎无“something like译为”有点像,略彳以They saythat hehad nouniversityeducation,but heseems to be somethingofascholar.
6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一种人或物,以及它前面的名词构一种形容词短语,以修饰背面的那个名词如“her oldsharper ofa father11,可译为她那骗子般的父亲Those pigsof girlseat so much.
7.as...as...canmaybeIt isas plain as plaincan be.
8.nIt is inwith...as inwithnIt isinlife asinajourney.
12.too...+不定式”,notnevertoo...+不定式,too…not+不定式She is too angryto speak.
13.onlynot all,but,never too...to doso n^Htoo readyapt+to do”构造中,不定式9也没有否认意义,但凡“not“,”a『but等字后+“too.・.to,”不定式都失去了否认意义,在tooready叩t+to do构造中,不定式也没有否认意义You knowbut tooyell tohold yourtongue.
14.nno more...than...句型A homewithout loveisnomore ahome thana bodywithout asoul isa man.
17.工
2111101.・・
100...”构造;
12111101.・・
100.・.”意为“11is impossible tooverdo...或者,即”无论怎样也不算过度“not”可换用“hardly,“scarcely”等,“too”可换用enough,sufficient等You cannot be toocareful.
18..否认+but构造,在否认词背面的but,具有which not,who not,“that not,等等否认意义,构成前后的双重否认可译成没有……不是”或”都”等Nothing issobad butit mighthave beenworse.
21..”疑问词+should...but”构造,这个构造表达过去的意外的事,意为nnone...butn,可译为”除了・・・・・・尚有谁会・・・・・.“岂料“,“想不到竟是n等Who shouldwrite itbutohimself
22.nwho knowsbut that...和who couldshould...but”构造,这个构造是反问形式,一般意译为“多半“,“亦未可知”等等,有时也可直译Who knowsbut that he maygo
23..”祈使句+ancT和祈使句+or”构造,”祈使句+and”表达…you…”,”祈彳吏名+or“表达if・・.not.・・,you Addlove toa houseand youhave ahome.Aad righteousnesstoa cityand youhave acommunity.Aad truthtoapile ofred brickand youhave aschool.
24.名词+anT构造,在这个构造中,名词等于状语从句,或表达条件,或表达时间A word,and hewould losehis temper.
25.as.・.,so...构造,这里的so的意思是in thesame way”也是如此此构造表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似As rustcats iron,so carecats theheart.
26...nif any”构造,nif anyH和Hif ever,意思是“果真有・・・・・.“,”虽然有\表达加强语气与此类似的尚有if anything”如有不一样的话,假如稍有区别,if aday”二at least,至少There islittle,if any,hope.
27.be iteverneverso”和let itbe everneverso”构造,这里,be it”中的“be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式,现代英语则使用“let itbe“ever so”和never so”者「表达同一意思,都表达veryBe itever so humble(let itbe eversohumble),home is home.
28.nthe last+不定式“和“the last+定语从词”构造,这种构造中的“last”意思是Htheleast likely0,用于否认性推论可译为”最不大也许的、”最不合适的、由原意的最终一种”变成”最不也许的一种“He is the lastman to accept abride.
30.“more+than+原级形容词(副词)”构造,这是将不一样性质加以比较,其中的more有rather”的意思It ismore thanprobable that he willfall.
31.“more than+动词”构造,这种构造表达动词的程度,可译为“异常二”岂止,十二分地”等This more than satisfiedme.
32.“good and的副词使用方法,译为“非常“,“很“等类似尚有”nice andfineand...J lovelyand“bright and...n nrareand...「big and...n等,均表达程度The applesare ogoodand ripe.
33.“and that”构造,这个“and that”应译为“并且”,表达对它前面陈说部分的语气加强,that代表前面的整个陈说部分Return toyour work,and thatat once.
35.in that…”构造,这个构造的意思是“在那一点上(方面)”,可译为”由于类似的构造尚有in this…The budgetis unrealisticin thatit disregardsincreased costs.
36.nthe namenotwithstanding”构造,这个构造中notwithstanding”是介词,这个介词可以置前,可以置后,例如也可写成notwithstanding the name起让步状语的作用Somepeople think of thestorage batteryasasort ofcondenser whereelectricity isstored.But thisisan entirelywrong conception,thenamenotwithstanding.
40.nnot(no).・・unless.・・句型No increasein outputcan be expected unlessa newassemblyline isinstalled.
41.better...than...句型Better mylife shouldbe endedby theirhate,than thathatedlife shouldbe prolongedto livewithout yourlove.
42.as itwere”是一种非常常用的插入语,意思是“好象、可以说”等Apiece ofironnear amagnet,though apparentlyseparate from it,feels,as itwere,the threadsof thisattachment.
43.复杂构造,在下面例句中,由于anyone的定语从句过长,把谓语must realize提至U定语从句之前Though faithand confidenceare surelymore orlass foreignto mynature,I donot infrequentlyfind myselflooking to them to be able,diligent,candid,and evenhonest.Plainly enough,that istoo largean order,as anyonemust realizewho reflectsuponthe mannerin whichthey reachpublic office.
45.By thatas itmay是Let itbe thatasitmay的省略形式,是由be”引起的此夕I—•种假设构造,意思是”虽然如此,尽管这样It issaid that the nervepoison isthe moreprimitiveof thetwo,that theblood poisonis,so tospeak,a newproduct froman improvedformula.Be thatasitmay,the nervepoison doesits businesswith manfar morequicklythan theblood poison.
47.由there引起的句型轻易产生复杂的句子构造.There have been openedup to the vastandexcellent science,in whichmy workisthebeginning,ways andmeans bywhich othermindsmore accuratethan winewill exploreits remotecomers.
48.range from…to...构造这是一种常见构造,译时诸多状况下应变通处理,不能完全依托辞典上的释义Computer applicationsrange froman assemblyline completelyrun bycomputerstoachildren toyresponding toremote signals.
49.the way...构造I alwaysthought shewasacommon-sense personwho discussedthingsthe waythey oughtto bediscussed.
50.复杂宾补构造In recentyears,the developmentof sensitiveand accuratemeasuringequipment hasmade itpossibleto measure theacuity ofhearing ofanyindividual atdifferent frequencies.
51.某些分隔构造1)动词短语有关部分被分隔(当make useof,take noticeof,pay attentionto,等动词短语变成被动语态时)Use ismade ofsolar energyin heatinghouses.2)双重定语引起的分隔Butthere isof cultureanother view,in whichnot solelythescientific passion,the sheerdesire tosee thingsas theyare,natural andproper in anintelligent being,appears asthe groundofit.
53.句型Then I remembered howoften I,too,had beenindifferent tothegrandeur ofeach day,too preoccupiedwith pettyand sometimeseven meanconcerns torespondtothesplendor ofit all.
54.somuch that...”句型But hedeveloped graduallya verymusical English.Helearnt towrite sentencesthat fallaway on the earwith amisty languorand itdelighted himsomuchthathe couldnever haveenough ofit.
55..“when”引导状语从句有时并不好译,不能一看到when从句就考虑译为“当的时候”,它尚有许多种译法Anything isbetter thannot towrite clearly.There isnothing tobe saidagainst lucidity,and againstsimplicity onlythe possibilityofdryness.This isa riskthat iswell worthtaking whenyou reflecthow muchbetter it istobebold thanto weara curlywig.
56.Hnot...because../1,有时可否认前面,有时可否认because自身,往往出现歧义应根o据上下文面鉴定In1600the earthwas not the centerof theuniverse becausethe majoritythensupposed it was;nor,because shehad morereaders,was Ellawheeler Wilcoxa betterpoetthan FatherHopkins.
57.nso...that such…that是一种一般的句型,但在同一种句子里有两处使用它却比较少9见The truthis,that inone pointofview,this matterof nationalliterature hascome tosucha passwith us,that insome sensewe mustturn bullies,else the day islost,or superioritysofar beyondus,thatwecan hardlysay itwill everbe ours.
58.by doing…”构造这个构造的意思是“通过做”,但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义,不少状况下需要灵活变通The hippos,by depositingdung in the water,fed thefishthat supportthe storksthat destroythe raretrees.
59.下面例句为一倒装句,主语很长,并且又具有非常复杂的句型这是以形容词作表语的倒装,翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面No lessobvious isthefactthere aregreatnumbers ofpeople soconstituted orso broughtup thatthey cannotget somuch pleasureoutof processesand experiencesresulting ina poorerlife lessfull ofmeaning.
60.what...of1句型I can not sayof myselfwhat Johnsonsaid ofPope:He neverpasseda faultunamended byindifference,nor quittedit bydespair.I donot writeas I do;Iwrite asI can.
61..英语的一种习常使用方法是当否认谓语thinkbelieve时,实际上与否认其背面的宾语从句否认就落在宾语从句上这样宾语从句就变成了双重否认,译时可以按双重否认译,也可按肯定来译It isa valuablework.Idonot thinkanyone writesso wellthathecannotlearn muchfromit.
62.nto havenot...as tosee…”中的不定式也有否认意味He had notthegoodbreeding tosee thatsimplicity andnaturalness arethe truestmarks ofdistinction.
63.HIt occurredto sb.that...意为“忽然想到,It dawnedon sb.that....”忽然想起”等从句是想起的内容Irememberonce beingon abus andlooking ata stranger.Hesuddenly lookedback atme-i.e.our eyesmet.My instinctivereaction was to avertmy gaze.It occurredtomethat ifI hadcontinued tomaintain eyecontact,I would havebeenrudeand aggressive.
64.nIt follows that…=It happensasaresult…常常被译为“由此可见,”因此,从前,可以推断”等等It followsthatthehousewife willalso expecttobeable to havemore leisurein herlife withoutlowering herstandard ofliving.It alsofollowsthathumandomestic servantswill havecompletely ceasedto exist.
65.“thats allthere isto it”,意思是”也不过如此而已、可根据上下文视状况处理If Imtouched,Pm touched-thatfs allthereisto it.
67.Feel,see,leave引起宾语的宾语补足语,或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些常用句型,有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译碰到这种状况应挖掘其深层含义,不要拘泥于表面形式The educationof theyoung isseen tobeofprimary importance.
68.某W匕以no,nowhere,never,not...bout,not...any,nothing but,hardly,scarcely,seldom等否认词语引出的某些构造I nevergo pastthe theatrebut Ithinkofhis lastperformance.
69.某些用choice between,to knowbetter,whether or,should haveavoided或donebetter等表达从两种做法中选用一种更好的做法Then weare facedwith achoice betweenusing technology toprovide andfulfil needswhich havehitherto beenregarded asunnecessaryor,on the other hand,usingtechnologyto reducethe numberof hoursof workwhicha manmust doin orderto earna givenstandard oflibing.
70.某些省略状况,应清单确认省略的内容The countryhad grownrich,its commercewaslarge,and wealthdid itsnatural workin makinglife softerand moreworldly,commerce indeprovincializing theminds ofthose engagedin it.
71..修饰成分包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等多而长Across thecourt fromtheManhattan apartmentthat Ihave occupiedfor thepast fewyears isa dogthat oftenhurlsinsults intothe darkness,afewof whichmy dogrefuses toaccept andmakes atart reply.
72.某些外位语,所谓外位修饰,指从句子构造和内容上不起重要信息体现功能的部分其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充在翻译成汉语时,往往可独立成句,外形上不保留修饰的痕迹Of course,nobody washurt thistime,because wehad allbeen todinner,none ofusbeing novicesexcepting Hastings;and hehaving beeninformed bythe ministerat thetimethatheinvited himthat indeference tothe Englishcustom thehadnotprovided anydinner.5翻译应试对策一\看关键语法,重点看虚拟语气;比较状语从句;倒装句;目前分词;过去分词;不定式;动名词二,把老四级词汇与构造真题答案带进题目浏览一遍三.把写不出的单词短语换个说法例如写不出“他向我收费过高”中的overcharge,charge”,我们可以说ask mepay himmuch moremoney”再例如写不出“把孩子的成功归因于我们可以说tohavea beliefthat theirchildrens successisdue to”
1.理解体现不到位是翻译的最大问题
2.理解关键在于理解句子的语法构造体现关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做合适调整加强句法和和词汇基础,持之以恒翻译常考构造与句型总结定语从句与同位语从句的区别
7.
6.
11.定语从句先行词可以是任何名词,而同位语从句先行词相称有限,例如:conclusion,fact,news,idea,belief,messageo
2.同位语从句中that不在从句中充当任何成分,定语从句that充当一定句子成分
3.同位语翻译可采用解释法,即先行词后强调构造
7.
6.2还原强调部分,直接翻译定语
7.
6.
31.分词短语作定语
2.不定式作定语
3.介词短语作定语
4.形容词做定语上述成分做定语时,一般来说,应把定语翻译在中心词前面比较构造
1.
1.
41.As・・,as・・・
2.notsoA as>、、B
3.rather A,than B与其说B,不如说A
4.less A,more B与其说A,不如说B并列构造
1.
1.5两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标识或标点符号连接,如and or,but,both and9再either nornot but,not only...but also...等9否认构造
1.
1.
61.部分否认若否认句中出all,both,every,each等类似词语,则表部分否认
2.形状否认彳列乜口:His contributioncannot be exaggerated.他的奉南夫极大You cannever becareful enough.你必须多加小心
3.形式肯定,内容否认He isanything but/except ascholar.他绝不是一种学者Swimming hereisfarfrom/not atall dangerous.在“匕游,水毫无危险B.From12noon to9p.m.X C.From9a.m.to12noon.SundaysD.From9a.m.to3p.m.Saturdays若能边听边对选择加以记录或标示如上面括号中所示,便可以得到对的答案Do如下为短文听力部分的一篇样板笔记,大家可以从中体会做短文笔记的基本措施选择项A.At thenew town swimming pool.B.In theschool.C.At JacksonSports Center.D.In auniversity swimmingpool.A.Because theplace wastoo small.B.Because the students wouldn*tbeabletohave lunchthere.C.Because it was raining.D.Because theplace was not available.A.About3hours.B.About4hours.C.About5hours.D.About6hours.A.To informthe studentsof theswimming competition.B.To tellthe studentshow toget tothe competitionground.C.To tellthe studentswhen toget back to school.D.To tellthestudentsabout thearrangement of theday^activities.从选择项可以预测本篇的四个问题中前三个属客观性或细节性问题,最终为概括性问题,即Where,,,Why did---change theplace of---How long…?What isthe mainidea/purpose of***或Which ofthe followingstatelnents istrue.因而,应以听细节为主,根据预期问题所波及的方面做简要笔记下面是对该篇所作的笔记A messagefor years7-10for whomnewtownswimmingpool originalJacksonSports Centernowrain reasonof changingplace1000a.m.start offby bus15minutes ride315p.m.return toschool这样,当问题一一提出时,考生便可根据笔记轻松地作出选择ABCD.一套详细的短文听力训练措施考生可以在历年考题中选用10-20篇不一样题材和不一样体裁的文章,根据如下几种环节,横竖结合来进行精听训练Step1第一遍听磁带时认真做题,对所选用的每段文章都认真仔细,注意时间,模拟He isthe lastperson Iwanttomeet.他是我最不想见的人形式主语
1.
1.7翻译措施固定,可当作短语直接翻译在句子最前面It isreported that据报道It isestimated that据估计It isconjectured that据推测It mustbe admittedtha t必须承认It cannotbedenied that/There isno denyingthat不可否认It canbe saidwithout fearof/exaggeration that可以毫不夸张地说翻译练习安排
7.
71.时间以每天30分钟为宜
2.借用英英字典养成良好的英文思维习惯
3.坚持每天练习3-5分钟做翻译(卡表做)8-12分钟调整译文,结合词典、语法书对照答案4•可以每天做阅读中的难句一句以上部分是笔者给同学们有关翻译部分准备的一点提议当然,学好翻译的最佳途径仍然是要靠大量积累并不停努力,把功夫下到平时,终将水到渠成O四级考试翻译题型必背句型
7.
81.All that is neededisacontinuous supplyofthebasic necessitiesof life.
2.After beinginterviewed forthe job,youwillbe requiredtotakea languagetest.
3.Nuclear scienceshouldbedeveloped tobenefit thepeople ratherthan harmthem.
4.They usuallyhave lessmoney atthe endofthemonth thanthey haveat thebeginning.
5.Helen wasmuch kinderto heryoungest childthan shewastothe others,which,of course,made theothers jealous.
6.No matterhow frequentlyperformed,the worksof Beethovenalways attractlargeaudiences.
7.Only underspecial circumstancesare freshmenpermitted totake make-up tests.
8.The pressureto competecauses Americanstobeenergetic,butitalso putsthemunder aconstant emotionalstrain.
9.Your hairwants cutting,.Youd betterhave itdone tomorrow.
10.Other thingsbeing equal,a manwho expresseshimself effectivelyis suretosucceed morerapidly thana manwhose commandof languageis poor.
11.Homework doneon timewill leadto bettergrades.
12.Had itnot beenfor myillness Iwouldhavelent hima helpinghand.
13.Realizing thathe hadntenough moneyand notwanting toborrow fromhisfather,he decided to sellhis watch.
14.The fifthgeneration computers,with artificialintelligence,are beingdevelopedand perfectednow.
15.Published asitwasat sucha time,his workattracted muchattention.
1..1have keptthat portraitwhere Icanseeit everyday,asitalways remindsme ofmyuniversity daysin London.
17.Believing theearth tobe flat,many fearedthat Columbuswould falloff theedgeoftheearth.
18.As mightbeexpected,the responsetothequestion was very mixed.
19.After theArab stateswon independence,great emphasiswas laidon expandingeducation,with girlsaswellas boysbeing encouragedto gotoschool.
20.You seethe lightningthe instantit happens,but youhear thethunderlater.
21.Great asNewton was,many ofhis ideashavebeenchallenged todayand arebeingmodified bythe workof scientistsof ourtime.
22.If onlythe committeewould approvethe regulationsand putthem intoeffect assoonas possible.
23.Living in the centralAustralian deserthas itsproblems,of whichobtainingwater isnottheleast.
24.All thingsconsidered,the plannedtrip willhave tobe calledoff.
25.A surveywas carriedout on the deathrate ofnew-born babiesin thatregion,theresults ofwhich weresurprising.
26.The girlsbeing educatedinanatmosphere ofsimple livingwas whatherparents wishedfor.
27.All flightshaving beencanceled becauseofthesnowstorm,many passengerscoulddo nothingbut takethe train.
28.While orbitingthe sun,the satellitehas sentmorethanfour billionbits ofinformationbacktoearth.
29.The computerhas broughtabout surprisingtechnological changesinthewaywe organizeand produceinformation.
30.The housewasveryquiet,isolated asitwason theside ofa mountain.
1..1dont mindyour delayingmaking thedecision aslong asit isnot toolate.
32.Corn originatedintheNew Worldand thuswasnotknown inEurope untilColumbusfound itbeing cultivatedin Cuba.
33.We agreedtoacceptwhoever theythought wasthe besttourist guide.
34.Having beenjudged thebest ina recentscience competition,the threestudentswere awardedscholarships totaling$21,
000.
35.rd rather havea room ofmy own,however smallitis,than sharearoomwithsomeone else.
36.Whatever difficultieswe maycome across,well helpone anotherto overcomethem.
37.Once thefourth biggestcity inthe UnitedStates,St.Louis hasnow becomethe24th largestcity.
38.The motherdidnt knowwho toblame fbrthe brokenglass.
39.In fact,Peter wouldratherhaveleft forSan Franciscothan stayedin NewYork
40.Although ateenager,Fred couldresist beingtold whatto doand whatnot todo.
41.But forthe helpof theirgroup,we wouldnot havesucceeded intheinvestigation.
42.They alwaysgive thevacant seatsto whoevercomes first.
43.Professor Wang,known forhis informativelectures,was warmlyreceived byhisstudents.
44.It ishigh timethat suchpractices wereended.考场气氛做完后来还需注意记录对错个数,并分析选项设置特点,练习迅速扫描选项的能力Step2脱离文字材料再听4-5遍磁带此时绝对不容许照着文字材料听,应当反复使用录音机上的反复键,尽最大努力听懂全文内容听第5遍或第6遍的时候,可以一边听一边将全文笔录下来,然后对照文字材料,看看笔录有什么问题,分析听不懂的原因,是语音、词汇还是语法?然后有的放矢地加以处理Step3在足够熟悉此段落中的内容后,打开文字材料,一边听录音一边看,并在段落中对应考点和问题答案,仔细体会,分析自己为何被某些干扰项误导Step4跟着磁带大声朗诵,以提高自己的语速假如自己的语速能基本跟上听力材料的语速,再做同类型题目,困难就不大了短对话部分
一、短对话的常见场景及词汇(见附录m)
二、短对话听力的某些原则1,推理原则一般需对对话进行推理,故直接在对话中听到的一般不是对的答案
2.挫折原则一般要办的事情都是不顺利的(如买东西买不到,订房间客满等)
3.男女原则一般男生比较衰,女生比较牛男生提出的观点女生都是不一样意或有不一样见解的,反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的男生的特性脏、舌L、差、挥霍、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特性爱洁净、节省、富有、好学、能干、聪颖、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好
4.父母一般只有一种作用教育子女好好学习
5.除了父母教育子女外,家里(包括朋友家,阿姨家等等)发生的事情一般是不考的,故碰到地点推测题类似at home/at Maryshome之类的选项一般都是不对的
6.四级听力短对话只考平常生活学习中遇得到事情,问题,故假如选项中出现某些平常生活中不太也许发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是对的选项
三、短对话十大场景及一般思绪L借车车一般是借不到的
7.吃匹萨,海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应,“派”一般比很好吃3•考试作业、论文一般比较难,或须要熬夜专家一般比较严厉选修课较难较多4,坐车(飞机、轮船)一般都需要等
5.事故(劫难)光明原则,一般不会死人
6.听讲座题目一般是比较有趣丰富的,内容一般是比较复杂难懂的
7.论文一般需要修改(polish)或重写(rewrite)
8.休闲男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive,女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theatero
9.医院需要预约make anappointmento
10.买票基本上是买不到的
四、对的答案的特性
1.含义肯定的不是对的选项,模糊的是对的选项意思详细的不是对的选项,概括的是对的选项意思详细的不是对的选项,抽象的是对的选项意思肤浅的不是对的选项,深刻的是对的选项2,具有一下单词的一般是对的选项neither/either/also/besides/almost/especially/possibly/probably/likely perhaps/might/may/maybe/could/can/all/none
4.具有四级词汇替代项的一般是对的选项
5.表达“同意或不一样意”,“喜欢或不喜欢”,“应当或不应当的”的一般为对的选项
6.如下三种选项一般其中有一种也许是对的选项反意项形似项近似项7,同意项不也许是对的选项,等例排除
8.绝对化选项,一般不是对的答案,可直接排除
9.有关时间推断题
(1)直接听到的不选
(2)极限值即值最大和最小的选项一般不选
10.有关数字计算题
(1)劫难题(如飞机失事、交通事故)一般选总和
(2)号码题double表达两个,double two=22triple表达三个,triple two=222但凡碰到一时反应不过来或听不懂的数字一般为“0”
11.价格计算题打折题discount discountof10%表达打9折此类题目一般选第二大的数字(最大的一般是原价,第二大的一般就是打完折的)单价题one/each此类题目较难也很少考,一般在有倍数关系的一对数字中选小的那个
3.342语段题部分
一、语段题概述从文章题材来分三分之二考阐明文,三分之一考记叙文,偶尔也考议论文,新闻报道从文章内容来分二分之一考社科类,三分之一考故事,其他还考自然科学,人物传记
二、语段题常考的八种文章
1.学校题材(剑桥大学等)重点学校的地理位置,资金来源,校园环境,师生状况,课程状况,图书馆,课外活动,学校特色
2.机构简介(监狱,图书馆等)重点地点,规模,制度,专业
3.社会热点重点轰动效应,背景(产生的原因),大众观点,作者态度
4.劫难题(毒品,车祸等)重点问题类型,起因,危害,处理措施(尤其是科学家、研究人员提出的事实、观点、措施、结论)
5.新闻题重点when wherewho whywhich(what)how
6.人物题重点生卒年月、出生地、成就(奉献)、坎坷遭遇、结局7,科普题(太阳风等)重点物体特性、形成原因、分类、最新研究发现和初步结论
8.故事重点主人公遭遇、变故、主人公做的决定、原因、结局
三、语段题10大解题原则
1.听即原则所听即所得,听到什么就选什么(恰好与短对话相反,短对话时听到的一般不选)2•重读原则某单词被反复读到或是在语音上加以重读,因引起重视假如选项中出现很也许是对的答案
3.次序原则出题次序一般与行文次序相似除了主题题和部分阐明文
4.主题原则主题一般出目前段落的头尾部分,因此要集中精力听清前三句话和最终两句话
5.原因原则凡出现表达原因,目的的很有也许是考点如because soas等词前后耍着重听
6.转则原则凡出现表达转则的词如but howeveryet等,背面的句子往往是考点,要引起重视
7.光明原则事情一般都是向着好的方面发展的,主人公多数是大难不死的,事情总是逢凶化吉,绝处逢生的
8.男女原则同短对话
9.穷学生原则学生一般都是比较穷的,不能继续学业一般都是由于经济原因,由于穷一般还比较喜欢DIY某些东西
10.偏怪小原则一般故事总是稀奇古怪的,通过总是波折离奇的,结局总是出人意料的宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中
四、语段题的做题环节
1.先预读备选项,从备选项推测文章的体裁和大体内容
2.更据十大原则和该类文章的重点大体推测考点也许出现的位置
3.听语段,尤其抓住标志词,确定考点
4.听问题,将原文的意思对应选项对应选项一般有四种状况按难度依次为原词复现选项中的用词和原文完全同样同义复现选项中用一种同义词或词组替代原文中的词近义复现选项与原文意思相近,但换了一种体现方式反意复现选项与原文体现恰好相反,但意思是同样的如原文说假如怎样就会怎样,选项说假如不怎么样就会怎样
五、话语段十大类标志词据研究有90%以上的考点都是由标志词引导活提醒的,因此在语段听力中听到下列标志词时要引起高度的重视,集中注意力听清标志词前后的句子L最高级标志词形容词、副词最高级、most/chief/primary/main/leading/....
2.唯一级标志词only/unique/prefer/every/one/of all/perfect/
3.因果项标志词cause/leadto/contributeto/thanks to/owing to/question/answer/why/reason/其他形式的问句/……
4.转则项关键词despite/in spiteof/instead/while/from〜to〜/although〜yet〜/not only〜but also〜/……
5.序数项标志词所有的序数词first,second/another/theother/next/last/in addition/ontheother hand
6.时间项标志词when/how/today/as/before/after/since/then/until/
7.解释项标志词or/namely/in otherwords/that is/thatistosay/
8.目的项标志词to/for/.......
9.总结项标志词all inall/in brief/to conclude/at last/in summary/in short/
10.强调项标志词副词especially/particularly/almost/always/usually/动词show/remember/note/notice/say/pronounce/..
六、阐明文的特点及解题技巧⑴阐明文的选项特性
1.选项简洁概括、不完整句子居多,最多有一至二题细节体
2.选项往往比较抽象,一般以it/they/man/woman/等抽象名词做主语
3.选项往往体现因果、目的、手段的小词如because/by/to
4.选项具有科学性、客观性的特点,但选项之间缺乏逻辑关系⑵阐明文的文章特点
1.文章紧紧围绕一种事物或事件进行描述,深入浅出,规定知其因此然
2.文章紧紧围绕一种中心事物,着重描写一种熟悉事物的与众不一样处
3.语言平实、简洁、明白,有时会用如下修辞措施分类法、举例子、做比较、列数字
4.层次构造清晰,多为总分构造
5.开篇引题,重点不分明但以设问开头的阐明文除外⑶标志词常出现的位置
1.在每个层次的启承处判断层次的启承重要有两种措施一种是听序数项标志词如ontheother hand/another/second等等;第二种是听“气”即语速,语音,语气有所变化的地方
2.段落开头、结尾处,前三后二科技类阐明文重点注意三个“age”即advantage优势disadvantage劣势usage用途环境类阐明文重点在于产生环境问题的原因及处理措施试验类阐明文重点在于试验目的、试验手段、试验成果演讲类阐明文重点在于演讲主题、说话人的观点、文章走向⑷应当重视的原则听即原则、主题原则、层次原则、原因原则、转折原则、求异原则注意事物的与众不一样处、替代原则数字,年代等一般需要重新计算或定位
七、记叙文的特点及解题技巧记叙文的内容一般为记叙人物经历,故事、事物发展过程、游记等⑴记叙文的选项特性
1.提供大量细节,选项中常常有时间名、地点名、人物名
2.选项基本是完整的句子主语常为he/she/the man/the women
3.选项多位论述性的句子,比一般阐明文来的长
4.选项符合时间次序,但没有逻辑关系2记叙文的文章特点
1.人物简朴,事实清晰,中心明确
2.故事情节相对完整
3.故事自身无主题无重点
4.写作措施一般有顺叙和倒叙两种,以顺叙为主倒叙为辅
5.论述次序一般有两种时间次序和事务发展次序⑶记叙文也许出现的考点L考主题前三句后两句
6.考原因7,考转折
8.靠次序,时间次序,事物发展次序
9.考对话,可在选项旁边合适做笔记如a选项是tom说的那就在a旁边写个3反之假如选项是人名,那么就在每个人名边上写下这人说的话中最关键的一词⑷记叙文解题应当重视的原则1,听即原则,尤其重视重读、重读现象
2.主题原则,段首往往是考点
3.尤其重视三类标志词因果转折时间
4.光明原则事情一般都是逢凶化吉的
5.偏怪小原则事情结局一般总是出人意料的,假如没听清晰切忌按常理推断,要猜也要猜最偏最怪的那个
八、新闻稿类型文章的特点及解题思绪⑴新闻稿的选项特点
1.选项具有时效性
2.选项具有劫难性2新闻稿的文章特点
1.文章叙事的构造有两种金字塔型和倒金字塔型四级听力语段一般为金字塔型,即最重要的放在最前面,导语引领全文2,重视实效性,在原文和选项中都体现出刚发生的感觉,有时还会波及未来时
3.内容一般是两大类天灾,人祸⑶新闻稿也许出现的考点
1.考导语即第一句话
3.考察四方面的信息时间、地点、人物、数字
4.考转折
5.考原因
九、议论文文章的特点及解题思绪⑴议论文的选项特性L选项多为概括性的句子
6.选项有表明观点的作用
7.选项有内在逻辑关系⑵议论文文章特点L在三大要素中论点、论证、论据论点和论据是文章的重点论点一般在文章开头,篇尾也会点题
2.文章通俗易懂,道理浅显,说理的过程叙事化
3.主题明确,围绕一种论点展开
4.层次构造清晰,一般为总分总构造小论点明显,态度鲜明⑶议论文的常见考点
1.考论点,中心论点和分论点都是必考的
2.考问答,文章中出现设问及其回答都是很重要的3考观点:如think.......,suppose......
4.标志词最高级标志词,唯一级标志词,原因项标志词,转折项标志词
3.343复合式听写部分
一、复合式听写答题次序及技巧听之前pre-listening1,对全文进行全局性预览尤其是第一句topic最终一句conclusion
2.观测空格前后的特殊现象,判断词性,单复数,时态语态听之时while-listening原则精听,速记,以听为主,以记为辅
二、怎样速记
1.省略虚词如如冠词,助动词等2•碰到词组记每个单词首字母如break down就记作B D,但一定要自己看得懂的
3.长单词记前三个字母如experience就记作exp
4.符号记忆如morethan就记作less than记作“v”equal t记作“二”等等
5.混合记忆就是把上面几种措施混合起来用,还可以夹杂中文字等等
6.随便记忆假如实在一时想不出是什么词,就用拼音,音标或者读音相近的词先把他记下来总之就是不管对错,先把大体读音记下来再说,然后等有时间再慢慢研究
7.无论采用何种记录措施最重要的原则是记得自己看得懂,待会能很以便的回忆和复原出来不要记得届时候自己也想不起来是什么东西听之后after-listening
三、全面检查和补全前面记录下的东西
2.检查错词a长单词轻易发生拼写错误,要仔细检查一遍b短单词轻易和同音异义词混淆,检查时要和上下文连起来看看意思是不是对
3.检查大小写人名地名国家名时间名(月份什么)节日名书名文献名商标名历史事件名宗教名首字都要大写句首单词首字母也要大写
4.检查名词单复数,形容词、副词比较级最高级,动词事态,语态
四、有关最终三句话的听写注意事项和技巧这个三句话一般比较难,要所有听出来有一定难度但无论怎样有两点要防止,
1.把句子写成一种个单词,把没听见的地方位置空出来这个是绝对不可取的,老师看都不用看肯定扣分道理很简朴由于这都不是句子嘛!
2.把句子的内容不停的涂改,搞的卷面非常难看这个首先给老师的印象就很恶劣,然后假如有一点点错误本来可以扣0・5分,1分什么的,这下就说不定所有扣光了因此不管对错都要把句子写成貌似像一种句子,要整洁不要涂涂改改,最佳还没有语法错误一般可以有四种做法L逐字逐句听写(适合比较简朴的句子或比较牛的同学)2•听懂之后写句子大意,无语法错误(适合于比较长的句子)比较常用的措施是判断这句话体现的是正面的意思还是背面的意思,正面的意思尝试用itisgood/important之类的句子改写背面的意思尝试用itisbad/harmful之类的句子改写
3.前后随便抄一句(反正空着也是空着,就随便写一句咯P由于阅卷老师只有答案没有考卷的啦对是肯定不对的但总比空着强)4,单词实在不会拼,千万不要空着,如有一两个字母吃不准可以写的花一点即像这个又像那个假如完全不会拼就随便按照发音规则拼一种貌似的单词句子么前面已经说过了一定要写得貌似一种完整的句子反正错了是理所当然的由于本来就不对,没什么好懊悔,but(强转折)万一阅卷的老师眼神不好算你对了,那是就检了廉价了啦
554.3四级写作小结
1.短文与段落的构造有雷同之处,其引导段、正题段和结尾段分别与段落中的段首句(常常是主题句)、推展句及结尾句相对应所不一样的是,结尾段是短文不可或缺的,但段落的结尾句就不一定都是下结论的
2.引导段一般有三个要点,即引起读者注意或爱好,定下文章的主题或基调,并为主题段铺路架桥假如卷面上已给出主题句,考生的任务就只是弥。
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