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第一部分写作一一关键体裁分析现象解释型
1.现象解释类作文是与实际生活关系十分亲密的命题类型现象解释型作文明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象,据此作者对现象的原因或者危害等做出阐明,同步论述这种现象反应出的社会问题;最终针对现象做出评论,表明自己的态度以及怎样在平常生活中有效地实践以消除这种现象或其不利方面此类作文所有的段落都围绕某种现象展开,因此我们称之为现象解释型作文第一段Nowadays,there existsa public现象引入段引出现象controversy about the issueof.What经典的一种方面
①描述现象,引起话题;amazes usmost is.It istrue that深入论述现象.
②体现较为经典的一种方面;
③深入论述现象第二段这There aremany reasonsexplaining阐明原因段一现象原因一.The mainreason isWhat is more,
①承上启下,解释这一现象的原因一;原因二原因三,,Thirdly,
②原因二;第三段总结上述观点.As aresult,
③原因三;讲述导致成果及作者态Considering all these,
④重申观点,总结上述观点度原因一.For onething,.For another,总结观点段原因二」总结全文.n conclusion,
①讲述导致的成果;
②作者的态度;
③例举原因一;
④例举原因二;
⑤总结全文写作思绪:.问题处理型2问题处理型作文一般规定考生通过提醒性的文字或图表来描述其反应的社会生活中的某个现实问题,提出处理方案和应对措施此类作文的所有段落都是以某个问题为主线展开,即提出问题、分析问题和处理问题这一主线此类作文中给出的问题一般是当今社会的热门话题写作思绪一第一段Recently theissue/problem of_has论述问题段been in the limelight/brought intofocus/broughtto publicattentive concern总述该问题.It is
①总述该问题;危害或原因obvious that
②问题的危害或原因(可举两点);二.危害或原因二.Additionally,_______So it is
③指出处理该问题的重要性和紧迫性处理该而题的紧迫性.high time_阐明措施段第二段The followingways can be
①承上启下,引出对该问题的处理措施或重处理该问题.措施/原因adopted toFirst of all,一.措施/原因要影响原因;The reasonis.Secondly,二.That isto say,
②处理措施/影响原因一;措施
③处理措施/影响原因二;.Thirdly,___________
④处理措施/影响原因三(可省略);/原因三.In fact,more thanthree wayscan be
⑤对以上措施或原因进行总结,强调重要性adopted.(可省略)开始段还可通过描写与读者共有的经历,引起读者的共鸣,增强说服力例如主题DaydreamingDaydreaming again,Barb Youllnever amountto anythingif you spend yourtime thatway!Cantyou findsomething usefulto do”Many youngstershave heardwords likethose from their parents.Anduntil recentlythis hostileattitude towards daydreaming....本段通过许数年轻人常常从他们父母那听到的话开头,引出“白日做梦”这一主题,很轻易引起读者的共鸣,激发他们的爱好,同步又能增强了文章的说服力此外,结尾段()同开篇同样重要结尾段对全文要点进行概括总结、Concluding Paragraph体现作者的目的,以求留给读者一种深刻完整的印象,增强文章的效果文章结尾的形式常见的有如下几种
①总结全文,得出结论结尾段可用总结全文的方式强调、概括全文的重要内容,加深读者对全文的深刻理解与认识例如主题Physical exerciseIna word,I benefita lotfrom doing physical exercise.!seldom getsick butfeel vigorouseven afterawhole dayswork.I shallkeep updoingphysical exercise so as tolive happilyand fruitfully.本段总结了全文,加深读者对“体育锻炼有益于健康”这一主题的认识
②提出提议,号召行动,体现决心或展望未来结尾段还可以在总结全文要点的基础上,对文中所提的临时无法处理或尚无定论的问题合适引申,或提出提议,号召他人采用行动,或展望未来这种措施可以启发读者思索并予以鼓舞,有助于增强文章的感染力例如主题Generation gapIn order toreconcile thedifferences,some formsof organizationshould beestablished to help theyoungand theold toexchange theirideas andstrengthen theirmutual understandingso asto bridgethegap.该段就怎样弥补代沟方面提出某些提议
③提议与结论文章的结尾常结合两种写法有的先提出提议或处理措施,再做结论有的则先做出结论,再提出提议,例如:主题(自然资源短缺)Shortage ofnatural resourcesTheprolonged development of humansociety provesthat populationand economicand socialprogresseventually cannot be achievedwithout naturalresources.To savethe limitedresources,we musttakesome measures to handleappropriately the relationship between the populationand resources.该段首先进行总结人类社会持续的发展证明,假如没有自然资源,人口的繁衍、经济和社会的发展最终都是不也许的作者接着提议,为了节省有限的资源,我们必须采用某些措施,对的处理人口与资源的关系
④提醒读者事物的两面性文章的结尾还可以以转折的形式,提醒读者任何事物均有两面性,从而认识到其局限性或负面的影响例如主题(太阳能)Solar EnergyHowever,solar energyhas itsdisadvantages.One is that it is stillvery expensivefor widespreadpracticaluse.Besides,solar systemswould notwork incloudy orrainy daysas wellas atnight.But insunnyareas,solar energycould helpsolve theenergy crisis.该段指出了太阳能的两个缺陷
一、太贵;
二、太阳能系统在阴雨天和晚上无法工作,从而让人们更全面地理解太阳能值得注意的是,在指出某一事物的另一面时,不能用太多笔墨,否则会喧宾夺主,淡化主题思想巧妙运用名言警句4名言警句的巧妙运用不仅会使文章有一定的文采,论证愈加有说服力,更能显示考生的英语功底此外可以适时引经据典,必然会让阅卷人眼前一亮开头段名言警句或俗语谚语等作为文章的开头,既文采斐然,又能突出中心例如1Just asthesaying goes,“so many people,so manyminds”,it isquite understandablethat viewson thisissuevary fromperson toperson.To thisissue,different people come up with variousattitudes.中间段中间段主题句之后引用名言警句,有力证明论点,起到锦上添花的效果例如2As aclassic proverbgoes thatno gardenhas noweeds.Computers doplay apositive rolein thedevelopment of people,lives,despite aslice ofunfavorable impacts.We shouldtherefore,take advantageof the fruits and avoidthe oppositefacet.结尾段用名言警句收尾,意在引申文章内涵,充足表明考生自己的观点,极具说服力,收3到“言有尽而意无穷”的效果,起到了画龙点睛的作用例如Therefore,we shouldnever underestimateour ownability butshould believein theproverb:“Wherethere is a will,there is a way.Confidence is a mustfor success.第一部分写作一一特训练习与范文训练一Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes towrite acomposition on the topicCollegeGraduates Work as Village Officials.You shouldwrite atleast150words,and baseyourcomposition onthe outline given inChinese below:.你与否认为大学生当村官是个好主意;1大学生能给乡村提供些什么;
2.大学生能从村官职位中获得什么
3.College GraduatesWork asVillageOfficials训练二Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes towrite acomposition onthe topicA BoominContinuing Education.You shouldwrite atleast120words,and baseyour composition onthe outlinegiven inChinese below:)上图为某都市-参与继续教育的人数状况,请描述其中的变化;1)分析导致该变化的原因;2)谈谈你对继续教育的见解3训练三Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes towrite acompositiononthe topicOn WaterShortage.You shouldwrite atleast120words according to the outlinegiven below inChinese:水资源短缺已成为严重问题;
1.导致水资源短缺的原因;
2..提出处理方案3On WaterShortage训练一答案与解析【范文】.College GraduatesWorkasVillage OfficialsNowadaysmany college graduates chooseto workas village officials in the remoteareas.To this,peoples attitudesdiffer sharply.Some hold the positiveview whileothers areagainst it.As faras I amconcerned,I believe that it is awise choice.Above all,college graduatescan contribute a lot to the development of the countryside.First,theycan applytheir professionalknowledge there.Secondly,they canintroduce newconcepts to thecountryside andspeed the development ofrural culture.As aresult,the gapbetweenthecity and thecountryside can well bebridged.In addition,these graduatescan benefita lotfrom working as villageofficials.While toomany collegegraduates arefighting for the handfulof positionsin bigcities,thesegraduates canfind themselvesa widerstage ofdevelopment andrealize theirvalue.Therefore,collegegraduatesworkingasvillage officialsis awin-win choiceand more graduatesshould beencouraged towork in the countryside.【点评】文章描述大学生当村官这一现象,并分析其带来的诸多好处第二段运用Above all,in引出了两点好处,在使用将第一点好处细化,这样使文章层次清晰本addition,First,Secondly文使用了某些精彩的语言,使文章增色不少,例如contributea lotto,speed thedevelopment,a等等win-win choice训练二【范文】A Boomin ContinuingEducationFrom thegraph,we canlearn the number ofcontinuing educationparticipants haskept increasingfromto inX city.In therewere only20thousand peopletaking partin the continuing education,but inthenumber grew to70thousand,and in150,and by,thenumberhas reached230thousand.It can beseen easilythat continuing education isgaining more and morepopularityoThe followingreasons areresponsible forthis boomin continuingeducation.Firstly,during theworkmanypeoplebegin torealize what they havelearned inschools isfar fromenough.So theyturn tocontinuingeducation togain more knowledge andskills.Moreover,as thescience and technology inChinaare developingvery fast,adults aftergraduation have to refreshthemselves.In addition,in modernsociety,those withoutbachelors degreesor aboveare lesscompetitiveoAs faras I am concerned,the boomin continuingeducation is a necessity.It providesthoseon-the-job peoplewith chances to getadvanced degreesand gainmore knowledge.As oursocietydevelops,moreandmore peoplewill receivecontinuingeducationin thefutureo【点评】文章提纲式图表作文第一段对图表反应数据进行简介第二段运用The followingreasons are顺势提出这种现象产生的原因第三段作者用提出自己的responsible forAs faras I am concerned观点,使文章构造紧凑,层次分明本文使用了描述数量的词汇increasing from...to…,grewto...,reached以及In addition,等某些精彩的语言,成为文章provides...with...,to getadvanced degreesand gainmoreknowledge亮点训练三【范文】On WaterShortageNo onecan havefailed tonotice the fact thatwater shortageis agrave problemwith whichthewhole worldis confronted.Actually,it has become sowidespread thatit hasseverely affectedpeoplesdaily life and hinderedthedevelopmentof theglobal economy.A number of factorscould account for the problem,but thefollowing might be thecritical ones.Tobegin with,with thedevelopmentof agriculture andindustry,an increasingamount of water is needed.Inaddition,the ever-increasing populationis anotherleading causeofwatershortage.Besides,the globaltendencyof warmingup alsocontributes to the problem.Whats worse,pollution andwaste of freshwater aggravatethe situation.In viewof theseriousness of theproblem,effective measuresmust betaken beforethings getworse.First,it isessential thatlaws and regulations be worked out and enforcedto protectwater resources.Secondly,people shouldenhance theirawareness ofsaving water.With thesemeasures taken,it isreasonablefor us to expecta brighterfuture.【点评】文章以描述人类面临水资源匮乏问题进入主题并且对人们的生活导致影响,逐渐引伸到导致水资源匮乏的原因,最终提出处理措施进行展望文章内容符合提纲规定,并且文章使用so...that...;+虚拟语气等句式,以及等it isessential thataccountfor,ever-increasing,contributes to,In viewof词汇的使用显示出考生的语言功底此外,第二段和第三段to begin with,in additionFirst,Secondly的使用使论述层次清晰第二部分完形填空——关键考点之语境词汇语境把握
1.语境线索是指上下文明示或暗示的信息、逻辑关系及语义关系做此类题重要的是在选择答案前认真通读上下文,不能只关注选择空项所在的句子对如下三种语境的把握有助于选出对的答案答案在选择空项上文之中因此,做此类题时,要“瞻前”1【真题】An earthquakehit Kashmiron Oct.8,.It tooksome75,000lives,67130,000and leftnearly
3.5million withoutfood,jobs or homes..
667.A injuredB ruinedC destroyedD damaged【分析】根据题意,空格前为死亡人数,的意思是“地震导致了七It tooksome75,000lives万五千人死亡”;空格后为失业和无家可归的人数,因此根据文章的语境,空格处应是“受伤”一词,因此为对的答案injured答案在选择空项下文之中因此,做此类题时,要“顾后”2【真题】But today,thousands of peoplecome to greenbuilding conferences,and the_72thatbuildings canbe good for people and theenvironment will be increasinglyinfluential inyearsto come..
672.A practiceB outlookC ideaD scheme【分析】本题中为关键词,其后的句子为同位语从句,且整句话体现了观点,因此选that idea答案在选择空项的上文和下文中都能找到因此,做此类题时,要“瞻前顾后”3【真题】72While mini-cars andluxury foreignbrands arestill popular,everything inbetween is73,Last yearsales fell
6.7percent,
7.6percent74if you dont countthe mini-car market..
0673.A surgingB stretchingC slippingD shaking【分析】上文和表达转折,暗示选择空项需要与上文的形成对比;考生“While”still”“popular”继续向下读,根据下文中简介去年的销售额下降和可
6.7%
7.6%,以判断此空也波及销售额的下降问题,故选项下跌,减退,滑倒”,其C slipping他选项均为干扰项词汇的复现关系
2.词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式反复出目前语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系到达了互相衔接可分为如下四类原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、反义词复现和同源词复现针对这一部分习题,作者总结了常见的关键近义词和易混形近词原词复现1有时为了体现的需求,在上下文中有同一概念词出现,可借此信息选出答案【真题】The smokersa lot.In fact,the non-smokers whomust breathethe airpollutedby tobaccosmoke maysuffer more than thesmokers themselves.1991A.suffer B.endureC.tolerate D.bear【分析】以上两个分句是对应的第一种分句所缺的动词可以由第二个分句中的动词,即来推测,前后动词一致,答案应当是“suffer”A同义词或近义词复现2同义词复现是指相似或相近的单词在原文中反复出现,以到达文章衔接的目的在完型填空试题中,就可以运用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词,也就找到了试题的答案这也包括了同源词复现,即相似词根构成的不一样词性的单词在文章中反复出现【彳列题】Wise buyingisapositive wayin whichyou canmake yourmoney gofurther.The wayyougo aboutan articleor aservice canactually...A.reading B.purchasing C.browsing D.borrowing【分析】要填入的单词是第一句的同义词复现purchasing buying【例题】The researcherexamined thedead bodiesof the people whodevelop SARS.The—is veryimportant.A.test B.quiz C.matriculation D.examination【分析】要填入的单词是第一种句子谓语动词的同源词复现examination examine反义词复现3反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现,以到达文章衔接的目的【例题】Forcing yourselfto recallalmost neverhelps becauseit doesntyour memory;itonly tightensit.A.loosen B.weaken C.decrease D.reduce【分析】前后两部分互为解释,一为肯定,一为否认,为反义复现从下文的可以判tighten断,上文应当是选looseno词汇的共现关系
3.词汇的共现关系是指词汇共同出现的倾向性即在一定的语篇中,围绕一定的主题的词汇也许同步出现,这种词的共现关系与语篇题材关系亲密据此我们可以删除掉某些与语篇主题无关的选项,重点放在与主题有关的选项上【真题】For example,the rhythm,pitch,and83of musichas beenshown toinfluencebehavior such as the18of timespent insupermarket....12_________
83.A.step B.speed C.band D.volume________________________________________【分析】连接并列成分,所填词需与“节奏”和“音调”形成语义共现,用and rhythmpitch来描述四个选项中只有项“音量”符合music Dvolume第二部分完形填空——真题评析与提高月四级完形真题12Older peoplemust begiven morechancestolearn if they areto contributeto societyrather thanbea financialburden,accordingtoa newstudy onpopulation publishedrecently.The currentapproach which67on youngerpeople andon skillsfor employmentis not68to meet人口构造的the challengeof demographicchange,it says.Only1%of theeducation budgetis69spent onthe oldestof thepopulation.The70include thefact thatmost peoplecan expectto spenda thirdof their lives in71,that there arenow more people over59than under16and
11.3million peopleare72state pension age.“73needs tocontinue throughoutlife.Our historicconcentration ofpolicy attentionand resources74young peoplecannot meet the new75says thereports author.Professor Stephen.The major76of oureducation budgetis spenton peoplebelow theageof
25.77people arechangingtheir jobs,78,partners andlifestyles more often than79,they needopportunities tolearn ateveryage80,some peopleare startingnew careersin their50sandlater.People needopportunities to make amidlife review”to81to thelater stageof employed lifeand to过渡plan for the transition82retirement,which maynow happen83at anypoint from50to over90,says McNair.And thereshould be more money84to supportpeople inestablishing a85of identityand findingretiredlife.
67.A operatesB focusesC countsD depends
68.A superiorB regularC essentialD adequate
69.A currentlyB barelyC anxiouslyDheavily
70.Aregulations B obstaclesC challengesD guidelines
71.Aenjoyment BretirementC stabilityD inability
72.A overB after Cacross Dbeside
73.A IndentifyingB LearningCInstructing DPracticing D
74.A atBby Cin on
75.A desiresB realmsC needsD intentions
76.A measureB ratioC areaD portion
77.A WhenB UntilC WhetherDBefore
78.A neighborsBmoods Chomes Dminds
79.A ageB everC previouslyD formerlyconstructive86fbr thethird age,the20or moreyears theywill spendin healthy
81.A transformB yieldC adjustD suit
82.A within B fromCbeyond Dto
83..A unfairlyB unpredictablyC instantlyD indirectly
84.A reliableB considerableC availableDfeasible
85.A senseB conscienceCproject Ddefinition
80.A For example BBy contrasC Inparticular DOn average
86.A ranksB assetsC idealsD roles【解题环节】-速读全文,把握大意,粗选答案速读全文,首先判断本次完形填空属于论说文体,首段没有空格,它往往就是文章的中心,
1.它体现的观点往往决定了全文的观点从本文首段可以看出作者重点论述对于年龄大某些的人的教育和再学习的问题又根据每一段首句提供的信息,可以判断本文的主题为教育论述了教育对于每个阶段的人的重要性和终身学习的意义顺手牵羊,粗选答案
2.在四个选项中,表达“满足新的需要,愿望,欲望;界,领
75.meetthenew needdesire realm域,范围;意图,意向,目的均不能与搭配因此只有项对的intention meetB在四个选项中,与只有因此此句的主语构成“教育预算的大部分”
76.education bugetportion,【语境词汇题】“很频繁地,比以往任何时候都“【固定搭配题】
79.moreoftenthan ever名词,表达过渡,转变,变迁常用的搭配表达从……
82.transition transitionfrom sth.to sth.过渡到……【固定搭配题】自我认同感”,是固定搭配【固定搭配题】
85.a senseof identity”二逐句细读,答易留难,各个击破本题四个选项都可以与连用,比较难选择,留到最终仔细考虑【语境词汇题】
67.B oon分析此句,主语中心词方式二这句话主干体现的意思为“目前这种方式局限
68.D oapproach”性以适应挑战,因此选项中只有项符合此义规定,其他选项均与此义相去甚远【语D境词汇题】难点点拨干扰选项是项,这个单词看起来难度很大,意思是“重要的,必C essential要的”,诸多考生一看见这个词认为这个答案也许就是它,具有很大的困惑性,根据句意,只有项符合句意规定D根据复现原则,本段句首出现形容词表达“目前的,现行的”,此题选项中
69.A ocurrent副词表达“如今,当下”,因此此选项很也许就是项,根据句子体现的意思以currently A及上下文语义逻辑关系,只有项对的【语境词汇题】A此题有一定的困惑性,这个困惑性出目前项和项,项是表达“障碍”,项“挑
70.C B C BCo战”根据原词复现原则,上一段中出现名词挑战「此题选项中出现因challenge”challenges,此此选项很也许就是项并且从含义上来说,接下来这一段所讲的三点内容也不属于详细的C障碍,只是说我们面临的一种挑战,面临的问题,因此我们这里面要选【语境词汇题】C根据原词复现原则,由于第一段讲到了老年人在结束他们的工作生涯之后退休的问题
1..Bo上,所后来文必然会提到一种有关退休的问法,文章内部反复出现的反复提醒,如employment,等等,在题后又出现原词分析此句,本句employedlife,pensionage82retirement thefact背面有三个并列的同位语从句构造,这且这三个事实又是人口构造变化中面临的挑战,因此此题很轻易淘汰两项,项名词,表达“无力,无能,无技术”,项“退A,C Dinability B休”,人们生命的三分之一的时间是“退休”而不是“无能力”,因此对的答案是项B【语境词汇题】本题考察介词的使用方法,在做题时一直要想着“这一事实是人口构造变化中碰到的挑
72.Ao战”,因此此部分万人是到达或超过享有国家养老金的年龄,所有只能使1130用【语法构造题】ver根据原词复现原则,在第一段就提到了动词“学习”这一词,此题选项中
73.B olearn learning动名词“学习”,并且文中多次强调人们在各个年龄段学习的重要性,因此项很也许是对B的答案,根据此句要体现的意思“学习要持续人的毕生”,此处选项困惑的选项是BC项动名词“教育,指导”,不符合句意规定【语境词汇题】instructing此句中具有两个空,先做题在做此题分析此句,主语中心词是名词”
75.0o此题可以在顺手牵羊这一环节中解答【语境词汇题】
76.Do本句具有三个空,先做和题,再来做此题【逻辑推理题】
77.A o7978分析此部分,此空与“工作”,“伴侣或者伙伴”和“生活方式”
78.Co jobspartners lifestyles构成并列构造,因此这里面比较也许的选项就是家庭,这里面表达大家这些都是倾向是C,不停在变化的,不像此前也许是一成不变的这里面是选【语境词汇题】C此题可以在顺手牵羊这一环节中解答【固定搭配题】
79.B o根据背面的句子的意思“人们在五十岁或者五十多岁的时候开创新的事业”,此外联络
80.Ao上文,此句是对上文的举例阐明,因此选项【逻辑推理题】A本句具有三个空,先做题,再来做此题根据句意规定,此处表达“适应”的意
82.D o由于本句句式比较复杂,因此很难进行选择,需要首先确定题的答案再解答此题
83.Bo84【逻辑推理题】可靠的;相称大/多的;可用的,可得到的,可行的,
84.C oreliabble considerableavailable feasible也许的,此空是对“钱”的修饰,因此只有两个选项能与之搭配,此外句子此部分的B,C意思为“应当得到更多的钱”,此空强调“可得到的”而不是对钱的多少的描述,因此选C项【语境词汇题】此题可以在顺手牵羊这一环节中解答【固定搭配题】
85.A o根据此句要体现的意思“它除了协助人们建立一种自我意识之外,还要协助人们来寻
1.完形文章一般都具有一条非常明确的中心主线,各个段落紧紧围绕着中心主线展开,布局紧凑因此理论上,对的的选项一定是紧紧围绕文章主题和中心主线的故而,与中心主线无关的选项基本上排除在对的答案以外【真题]Why doAmericans displaysuch75in a public place.
175.A.attraction B.attention C.affection D.motion【分析】本段谈论的是作者在电影院里的一次不快乐的经历,坐在他面前的两个人亲昵的举止影响了他欣赏电影,因此才发出这样的感慨美国人为何在大庭广众之下会体现出这样的四个选项中的“关注,注意力”和运动,移动,手势”显然都与这个B.attention D.motion主题不有关;而选项“吸引力”此处与作者的感受恰好相反,他是被干扰了,而A.attraction不是被吸引了故答案为“柔情,温柔二C.affection运用上下文寻找解题信息
2.由于完形填空的文章是一种意义有关联的语篇,围绕一种话题论述,因此在行文中词语的反复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可防止的根据这个原则,某一种空格所对应的答案很也许就是在上下文中复现或同现的有关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联络来确定答案因此,解题时应联络上下文寻找有关线索,如某一种词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等但由于我们在做题时不也许总是反复地阅读文章,因此,在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆有关信息的能力[真题]72While mini-cars andluxury foreignbrands arestill popular,everything inbetween is
73.Last yearsales fell
6.7percent,
7.6percent74if youdont countthe mini-car market..
673.A surgingB stretchingC slippingD shaking【分析】根据下文中简介去年的销售额下降和可以判断此空也波及销售额的下降
6.7%
7.6%,问题,故选项下跌,减退,滑倒”,其他选项均为干扰C slipping第三段处理该问题It isundeniable that总结观点段的意义,—我的观点和提议As forme,,When
①承接上文,强调处理问题的意义;everyone is fully awareof theseverity andtakefeasible measures,I firmlybelieve做出展望.
②阐明“我的观点和提议、
③总结全文,发出呼吁或做出展望写作思绪二第一段has become a hottopic,and总述该问论述问题段heated debatesare righton theirway题.体现/作用一体现/作用
①开门见山,指出问.Additionally,二处.Therefore,it isof greatimportance forus to题及现实状况;理该问题的重要性.
②体现或作用(可举两点);第二段However,we havefigured outmany
③指出处理该问题的重要性和紧迫性处理该问题ways to./However,there aremany阐明措施段影响该问题的处理,处factors thatFirst of all,理措施一./The firstrole thatshould beblamed is
①承上启下,引出对该问题的处理措施或重影响原因二处理措施二Secondly,./Another要影响原因;影响原因二.equally importantfactor liesin Last
②处理措施/影响原因一;处理措施/影响原因三.but notleast,
③处理措施/影响原因二;第三段我的观点和As faras Imconcerned,提议.理由一.理由二.
④处理措施/影响原因三(可省略);Whafs more,I firmlybelievethat做出展望.
⑤对以上措施或原因进行总结,强调重要性(可省略)总结观点段
①承接上文,阐明“我的观点和提议七
②阐明理由(可举两点);
③总结全文,发出呼吁或做出展望写作思绪三第一段指出问题Recently,has becomea论述问题段matter of apublicconcern,especially forthose
①开门见山,who areconfronted withthis problem.On theone指出问题及现实状况;一体现一.一体现二.
②问题详细hand,On the other hand,______________体现(可举第二段两点);There aremany reasonsaccounting阐明原因段该问题.危害/原因一.for Firstly,Secondly,危害/原因二._____________________For
①承上启下,引出对该问题的危害或重要原举例阐明.危example,_______Thirdly,______害/原因三.深入解释.因;In otherwords,_______Therefore,how tois worthpaying
②危害/原因一;强调处理该问题的重要性.attention
③危害/原因二;第三段However,we havefigured outseveral
④危害/原因三(可省略);引出处理措施/影响原effective measuresto
⑤承上启下,强调处理该问题的重要性因.处理措施/影响原因一.处Firstly,Secondly,提出措施段理措施/影响原因二.处理措施/影响原Thirdly,
①承上启下,引出对该问题的处理措施或重因三.强调其重要性.Ifs timethat要影响原因;
②处理措施/影响原因一;
③处理措施/影响原因二;
④处理措施/影响原因三(可省略);
⑤对以上措施或原因进行总结,强调其重要项运用文章构造及语篇逻辑关系
3.只有明白文章构造,理解各段落之间的关系,才能加深对文章的理解明白了各部分是怎样为体现主题思想服务的,也就更轻易把握带空的句子所需要的是什么内容,因此就更轻易选准答案了这规定考生具有扎实的英语词组、短语、习常使用方法等英语搭配的知识,这对于理解文章的逻辑关系尤其有利文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、成果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系【真题】Its notinconvenient at all,he says.69,having acar isso20th century..
669.A ThereforeB BesidesC OtherwiseD Consequently【分析】根据上下文,It,s notinconvenient at all与having acar isso20th century可构成递进关系,因此选项,表达此外,并且的意思,其他选项均与前后两句话之间的链接关B系不符语言知识及搭配关系解题法
4.做题时应注意文章中的搭配逻辑搭配包括过渡词、连接手段、指代关系、肯定、否认等;语义搭配包括区别同义词、近义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词;构造搭配指名词、动词、形容词等在句中或文中与其他词的搭配;常用搭配即一般所说的固定短语【真题】T\one sense,the effect of aconsumers moodcanbethought ofin72the same way ascan ourreactionsto the73behavior of our friends..
1271.AOn BlnC OfD By
72.A thusB muchC evenD still【分析】、题考察习常使用方法从某种意义上说、在某种意义上题中7172in one sense,72几乎相似,重要考察的修饰成分其他项不能修饰much the same thesamewaythesame背景知识和社会常识解题法
5.解答完形填空题时,有时文章中提供的信息还不够,还需要考生把符合常识的某些知识信息结合起来考虑,最终选出符合常识的最佳答案因此,考生的知识范围越广,对文章的理解就越轻易,整体上懂得所选短文在说什么,那么局部上的每一种空填起来也会得心应手【真题】It tooksome75,000lives,
67.13,000and leftnearly
3.5million withoutfood,jobs,orhomes..
667.A injuredB ruinedC destroyedD damaged【分析•】考生的生活经验足以在此时起到协助预测内容体现发展方向的作用,在获得有关死亡人数的之后,自然会提到伤者,因此自然可以选出对的答案injured综合运用多种线索
6.假如不能很有把握地直接看出某一道题的答案,可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用,从而缩小选择的范围,提高答题精确率这种状况有如下几种⑴从时态、语态、语气、名词的数等各个角度分析所填内容与否与上下文一致⑵从而排除某些备选答案,缩小选择范围;⑶分析空白处与前后词之间的语义关联、搭配关系,从而排除某些选项;弄清晰该题的句法关系,分析一下它是简朴句、并列句,还是复合句;判断所填的内容在句中充当什么成分,应是什么词性,并分析备选答案之间的异同,从而排4除干扰项选出对的答案【真题】Language isa meansof communication,68is muchmore thanthat..
1268.A.so B.but C.or D.for【分析】考生需要对的理解这个比较构造的含义、代词的指代对象,以及和前more thanthat句之间形成的逻辑发展方向,才能对的选出答案第二部分完形填空——特训练习与答案
一、特训练习训练一Many peoplewrongly believethat whenpeople reachold age,their familiesplace themin nursinghomes.They areleft in the1of strangersfor therest of theirlives.Their2children visit them onlyoccasionally,but moreoften,they donot haveany3visitors.The truthis thatthis ideais anunfortunatemyth4story.In fact,family membersprovide over80percent of the care5elderly peopleneed.SamuelPrestoon,a sociologist,studied6the Americanfamily ischanging.He reportedthat by the time the7American couplereaches40years of age,they havemore parentsthan children.8,because peopletodaylive longerafter anillness thanpeople didyears9,family membersmust providelong termcare.Morepsychologists havefound thatall caregivers10a commoncharacteristic:All caregiversbelievethat theyare the best11for the job.In otherwords,they allfelt that they12do thejob betterthan anyoneelse.Social workers13caregivers tofind outwhy theytook14the responsibilityof caring for anelderlyrelative.Many caregiversbelieved theyhad15tohelptheir relative.Some statedthat helpingothers16them feelmore useful.Others hopedthat byhelping17now,they woulddeserve carewhen theybecameold and18,Caring for the elderlyand beingtaken careof canbe a19satisfying experiencefor everyonewhomightbe
20.
1.A.hands B.arms C.bodies D.homes
2.A.growing B.grown C.being grownD.having grown
3.A.constant B.lasting C.regular D.normal
4.A.imaginary B.imaginable C.imaginative D.imagery
5.A.that B.this C.those D.these
6.A.when B.how C.what D.where
7.A.common B.ordinary C.standard D.average
8.A.Further B.However C.Moreover D.Whereas
9.A.before B.ago C.later D.lately
10.A.share B.enjoy C.divide D.consent
11.A.person B.people C.character D.man
12.A.would B.will C.could D.can
13.A.questioned B.interviewed C.inquired D.interrogate
14.A.in B.up C.on D.off
15.A.admiration B.initiative C.necessity D.obligation
16.A.caus B.enable C.make D.getB.anyone C.everyone D.anybodyeB.dependent C.dependable D.independent
17.A.someB.differently C.mutually D.certainlyoneB.excluded D.ConsideredC.included
13.Getting behindinone classbecause youare spendingso much time onanother isreally no
14.Feeling prettyvirtuousabout theseven hoursyouspendon chemistrywont15one bitifthehistory teacherpops aquiz.Andmany freshmendo getinto troubleby spendingtoo muchtime onone classatthe16oftheothers,eitherbecause theylike oneclass muchbetter orbecause theyfind itso muchharder that they think,theyshould17all theirtime toit.18the reason,going the whole workfor oneclass andneglecting therest ofthemisamistake,ifyouface this19,beginwith the shortestand easiest
20.Get themout ofthe wayandthen go to the more difficult,time consumingwork.
1.A goodB easilyC sufficientlyD well
2.A untilB afterCwhile Dso
3.A somebodyB nobodyC everybodyD anybody
4.A followB goC operateD work
5.A behindBafterC slowD later
6.A hardlyB unpleasantC hardD heavy
7.A improbableB necessaryC impossibleD inevitable
9.A EvenB AlmostC IfD With
10.A to do Bdoing C at doingD withdoing
8.A weekswork Bweeks worksC weekswork Dweeks works
11.A turnedinBtuned upC turnedout Dgiven inCHowever C D Wherever
12.A veryB quiteC suchD tootemptationC Ddilemma
13.A anywayB eitherCatall Dthat
14.A solutionB methodCasasnigswnmerents DeD xccula sess
15.A helpB encourageC assistD improve
16.A expenseB payCdebt Dcharge
17.A devoteB putC spendD take
18.A WhicheverB Whatever
19.A attractionB decision
2.The answeris thatI havealways beeninterested in animals andzoos.According tomy parents,the firstwordI was able tosay with any3一was notthe conventional“mammaor“daddy”,4_the word“zoo”,which I would5over andover againwithashrill Guntil someone,insgroupsto7meup,would takemeto thezoo.When I8a littleolder,we livedin Greeceand I had a great9of pets,ranging」]from owlsto seahorses,and Ispent allmy sparetime10the countrysidein searchoffreshspecimens totomy collectionof pets.12on Iwent for a yearto theCity Zoo,asastudent13,to getexperience ofthelarge animals,such aslions,bears,bison andostriches.14were noteasy tokeep athome.When Ileft,I15had enoughmoney ofmy ownto be able to16my first trip andIhave beengoing17_ever sincethen.Though acollectors jobis not an easy one andisfullof18,it iscertainlya jobwhich willappeal19all those who loveanimals and
20.B.where C.when D.whetherB.field C.place D.caseB.emotion C.sentiment D.affectionB.but C.except forD.but for
5.A.recite B.recognize C.read D.repeatB.noise C.voice D.pitchB.shut C.stop D.comfortB.was growingC.grow D.grownB.amount C.number D.supplyB.cultivating C.reclaiming
0.exploring
11.A.increase B.include C.add D.enrich
12.A.later B.further C.then D.subsequently
13.A.attendant B.keeper C.member D.aideB.they C.of whichD.which
15.A.luckily B.gladly C.nearly D.successfully
16.A.pay B.provide C.allow D.finance
1.Soon afterhe transferredto thenew school,Ali foundthathehad in maths andEnglish..6解题环节-理解分析此句,所翻译的部分重要考察对习常使用方法的掌握,而并不波及句子时态问题二体现划提成分,句子中逗号之前部分是时间状语从句,而主句又引导宾语从句,宾语从句中关键谓语动词是“很难跟上班上同学”作宾语,作补语had,“inmathsand English”切块对应翻译“很难做某事”=“跟上”1have difficulty in doingsth.,=keep upwith,“班上同学”=his classmates重新组合2difficulty inkeeping upwith hisclassmates.三校审检查“很难做某事”、“跟上”用和来体现have difficultyin doingsth.keep upwith与否精确;查对所翻译的句子与否符合英语习惯等对的答案difficultyinkeeping upwith hisclassmates.考点剖析习常使用方法.很难做某事;“跟上”have difficultyin doingsth keepupwith与缺乏锻炼亲密有关.
3.Youd bettertake asweater withyou.12解题环节(-)理解分析此句,划线处应当填写一种让步状语从句,根据所体现的意思,这是对未来天气状况的一种假设,可以使用虚拟语气()体现划提成分,是本句的主句部分,从句“以防天气Youd bettertake asweater withyou变冷”中关键谓语动词是“变冷”,“天气”作主语()切块对应翻译“以防”二其后引导的虚拟语气可以用动词原形”1in case,“should+表达,其中可省略“天气”“变冷”=should=it,turn cold()重新组合()2in caseit shouldturn cold
(三)校审检查“天气变冷”用()来体现与否精确;查对翻译的句子时态it shouldturn cold与主句时态与否一致;翻译的句子与否符合英语习惯等对的答案()in caseit shouldturn cold考点剖析引导的虚拟语气in case第三部分翻译一一高分妙招词汇层面技巧
1.()词类的转移1在汉译英的过程中,由于英语中存在某些习常使用方法、固定搭配和短语等,这导致与汉语中的词语在词性与语义上并不总是一一对应词性转换指的是中英文之间词性的转换,如在中文里是名词,到了英文句子中就变成了动词这里重要包括四种状况名词转换成动词例如(无论我做出什么牺牲).()(“牺牲”是名词)Iamgoing topursue thiscourse,.12译为(是动词)Iamgoing topursue thiscourse,no matterwhat I will sacrifice.sacrifice”动词转化成名词例如(为了挣钱供我上学),mother oftentakes onmore workthan isgood for()(“上学”是动词)her.o.6译为To financemy education,mother oftentakes onmore workthan isgoodforher.(是名词)education”名词转化成形容词例如(出了毛)甭)I cantboot mycomputer now.Something itsoperating system.(.6)(“毛病”是名词)I cantboot mycomputer now.Something mustbe wrongwith itsoperating system.(是形容词)wrong”形容词转化成名词例如(假如以便的话).()(“以便”是形容Please comehere atten tomorrowmorning.6词)译为(是名词)Please comehere atten tomorrowmorning atyour convenience.convenience”()增译法2例如(大多数父母所关怀的)()is providingthe besteducation possiblefor theirchildren..12译为What mostparents areconcernedaboutis providingthebesteducation possiblefor theirchildren.分析汉语中“所关怀的”实际上是指“所关怀的事情”,用英语体现则使用引导的what从句作的宾语,增译what concernedabout what减译法3例如我们可以合作的领域.The preventionand treatmentof AIDSis.6译为The preventionand treatmentof AIDSis thefield of our cooperation.分析此句中,所要翻译部分在句中作表语,其中“领域”为中心词,“可以合作的”是其定语,由于此定语过长,因此使用所属格构造,并且“可以”省去不译of翻译中的选词4例如它愈加以便I wouldpreper shoppingonline toshopping ina departmentstore because和省时..12译为Iwouldprefer shoppingonline toshopping ina departmentstore becausethe formerismore convenienland time・saving.分析此句中,所要翻译部分中“它”简朴译为则会指代不清,而译为则效ittheformer果更好词义的引申5例如人山人海At weekends,inthe park.译为At weekends,there area largecrowd of people inthepark.分析假如根据句面意思直接把“人山人海”译为外国人则people mountainpeople sea,很难理解,这里译为根据不一样的语境有不一样therearea largecrowd ofpeopleo的译法假如看到电影院门前大排长龙,可译为There isa longmovie line语法层面技巧
1.the worksof Beethovenalways attractlarge audiences.(他们很轻易出麻烦).
2.When youget meninto thatstate ofanger,(尽管我很崇拜他是个作家),
3.I don*t likehim asaman.(月齿子去在胡思舌想).
4.His eyeswere readingbooks L(我们才能在毕业之后很快适应社会).
5.Only inthis way(他真正但愿得到的东西)
6.is encouragementfrom hisparents andteachers.(在居民区设置更多的流动商店).
7.It wasadvised that(本来不必从银行借钱的).
8.Why didntyou tellme youcould lendmethemoney I(正是由于她太没有经验)
9.that shedoes notknow how to dealwiththesituation.(将在做试验)
10.1from threeto fivethis afternoon.(不管观众中的某些人怎样使劲地难为他),
11.the comedianalways hada quick,sharp reply.(机器人与否有一天能拥有象人同样的视力).
12.It isnot yetknown(想懂得他的真实目的).
13.His remarksleft me(听从了我的劝说,你就不会陷入麻烦).
14.If youhad(没能实现其改善都市交通状况的承诺).
15.The governmentwas accused答案与解析【答案】
1.No matterhow frequentlyperformed考察“无论怎样”引导的状语从句no matterhow【答案】
2.they areapt tomake trouble
①be aptto表达“易于做某事”,指人的机体或精神上的固有的或习惯的倾向等;
②make trouble表达惹麻烦”【答案]
3.Much asI admirehim asa writer
①让步状语从句表达“尽管……”,引导的让步状语从句,其重要构造为形容much as as词/副词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语,much表达程度;
②admirehim asa writer译为“崇拜他是作家”【答案】
4.while hismind waswandering
②mind waswandering表达“胡思乱想”【答案】
5.canweadaptourselvesto thesociety quicklyafter wegraduate本题考察对倒装句、的使用方法以及引导的时间状语从句的掌握引起的状语adapt after0nly位于句首时,句子须部分倒装本题中要将情态动词提前作“适应”解时常用于can adapt.的构造adaptoneselfto sth[答案]
6.What hereally hopesfor本题考察主语从句例如What mattersto usis howtomakeour campuslife meaningfuland fruitful对我们来说,重要的是怎样让我们的校园生活故意义、有收获【答案】
7.more mobileshopsshouldbe setup inthe residentialarea表达“提议、命令、规定、想法”的动词所接的主语从句一般用的虚拟形thatsb.shoulddo式【答案]
8.neednt haveborrowed itfromthebank本题考察虚拟语气的使用方法,的构造是“本不必这样做而做了”的意思needn thavedone【答案】
9.It isbecause sheis tooinexperienced没有经验可以用一种形容词来翻译,即inexperiencedo【答案】
10.willbedoing/conducting theexperiment本题考察未来时态的使用方法,“做试验”既可用也可用do experimentconduct experimento[答案]
11.However hardsome peopleintheaudience triedto upsethim表达为难,此处用当然我们也可以用或upset,made sb.inadifficult position,embarrasssb.o【答案】
12.whether/if robotswill oneday havevision asgood ashuman vision引导后置的主语从句whether/if【答案】
13.wondering abouthis realpurpose让继续处在某种状态;让某人干某事leave sb.doing leavesb.todosth.【答案】
15.of failureto fulfillits promise to improve urban traffic conditions/of failingto fulfillits promise to improveurbantrafficconditions本题考察对的使用方法及短语…的掌握”指责、控告”accuse fulfill onespromisetoAccusefailing都可以“实现……的承诺”用spromiseto表达,to后接动词原形fulfillone第三部分翻译一特训练习与答案常用于.的构造,因此之后用和accuse sb.of sth./doingsthwas accusedof failure训练二反应速度是此外那种物质的三倍.
1.This substance否则等我们抵达教堂时婚礼就结束了.
2.Be quick,夺去了成千上万人的生命.
3.The warwent onfor years,(无论理由是什么),
4.we cannottolerate thisdisloyalty.(发
5.The populationof elderlypeople isincreasing rapidlybecause peopleare livinglonger thanbefore达国家尤为如此).(让世界发展如此之快的)
6.is themodern science and technology.(吸取尽量多的知识)
7.A studentmust treasurehis timeandtolay asolid foundation for hisfuture career.(没有任何地方的教育比大学里的更好了)
8.For studentseager tobe usefulto society,—studyingthere islike bathingyourself inthe oceansof knowledge.(他宁愿死也不乐意做这件事).
9.As forWilliams,(学生才被准许提前毕业).
10.Only underspecial circumstances,(我们的肤色取决于遗传).
11.It has been provedthat(重要是
12.A lotofpeoplenowadays havemuscular problemsintheneck,the shouldersand theback由于工作中的压力和紧张导致的).(超过万的家庭已经挣脱贫困).
13.More than3million childrenhave healthinsurance now,and250(除主席之外的所有组员都投票赞成我的提议)
14.tosetup abranch officeinthesuburbs.(为中国的国内外贸易
15.The emergenceofe-commerce andthe fast-growing Interneteconomy are提供了新的增长机遇).答案与解析【答案】
1.reacts three timesasfast astheotherone本题考察倍数的体现方式倍数体现法有三种倍数+原级倍数+比较级倍数+名词短语A BC例如和……的三倍同样长可以译为A.three timesas longas B.twice longerthan C.three timesthe lengthof【答案】未来完毕时
2.orthewedding willhave finishedbythetime weget tothe church【答案】分词作成果状语
3.killing thousandsupon thousandsofpeople【答案】
4.Whatever bethe reasonsfor it“无论是什么”引导的状语从句whatever【答案】
5.especially indeveloped countries“发达国家”和“发展中国家”的体现方式分别为developed country,developing countryo【答案】
6.What makesthe worlddevelop sofast根据句子各部分语法功能判断,我们在这里需要的是一种主语,因此必须将需填入部分译成引导的主语从句,全句意思为什么让世界发展如此之快一一是现代科技what【答案]
8.nowhere is education betterthan incollege“没有任何地方”译成“nowhere,但nowhere是一种表达否认的词,背面要采用部分倒装的形式,因此把置于主语之前iseducation【答案]
9.he would sooner diethan dosuchathing主语动词原形动词原形表达“两者比较宁愿做,也不乐意做另一件”,+wouldsooner++than+强调意愿该句型尚有此外一种形式+动词原形……,(主句)主语动词Sooner than+would+原形重要是用于强调所比的对象,主句虽然放在背面,但不用倒装【答案】
10.are studentspermitted tograduate inadvance
①句首是+介词短语,背面应用倒装句式,属于部分倒装,系动词+主语+其他;
③inadvance表达“提前”【答案】
11.the colorof ourskin isdue toheredity
①the colorofourskin表达“肤色”;
③heredity表达“遗传”,特指生物遗传;使用最广泛,不仅指一般的遗产,也指世代相传的具有特色的heritage精神财富或物质财富;指继承这一行为,不指继承的东西,为抽象名司inheritance IO【答案】
12.mainly due to stressand tensionin theirwork做名词时,意思偏于精神方面的压力;请注意如下词的区别偏于物理方面的压stress pressure力;指紧张,指神通过敏;“由于”的体既有,,tension nervousnessowing to,duetothanks toon等account of【答案】
13.morethantwo anda halfmillion familieshave beenlifted outof poverty这题重要是对较大数字以及“挣脱”的翻译考察万译为出或亚@曲@法
2502.51^1111m都可以;此外“挣脱”也有多种体现:等,或简朴地用体现million getrid of,lift outout【答案】
14.All themembers exceptthe Chairmanvoted formy proposal本题要注意和的区别,是指支持某人,投票给某人,而不单指vote tovote forvote tovote for投票,并是赞成某人有赞成的意味,另反对可以对应体现为for against【答案】重要是,国内外
15.providing newgrowth opportunitiesfbr Chinasforeign anddomestic trade贸易”这个体现的掌握-China sforeign anddomestic trade第三部分翻译一一特训练习与答案训练三(获得成就或实现雄心壮志),
1.If youwant toyou mustwork hard,make effortsand getprepared.(总是作好充足准备)
2.The successfulperson tomeet opportunitiesastheyduly arrive.(唯——需要做的是)
3.a continuoussupply ofthe basicnecessities oflife.(未经出版社书面同意).
4.No otherreproduction inany formis permitted(完全可以从周围的田地和河流看出来).
5.The environmentaleffectofthis newfactory(两国人民的又一种共同点).
6.This isyet(在英语国家得到广泛阅读).
7.His scientificworks(改革也是解放生产力).
8.Revolution meansthe emancipation ofthe productive forces,(对现时信息产业的发展状况).
9.He isoptimistic(服务于经济发展的进程).
10.Work inall fieldsshould be subordinated toand(成果却被告之她届时候不能
11.Henry hasprepared aparty forhis girlfriend,来了).(长相相似但性格不一样).
12.The identicaltwins resembleeach other(而不愿到海滨去度假).
1..1would ratherjoin youin researchwork(通
14.Long beforechildren areabletospeak orunderstand alanguage,theycancommunicate withadults过面部表情和靠发出噪声).(真正让我决定买下它的)
15.Although Iliked theappearance ofthehouse,wasthebeautiful viewthroughthe window.答案与解析【答案】
1.achieve somethingor fulfillyour ambitions本题考察短语搭配“获得成就”可以有这样的体现或make achievementsachieve something,前者“成就”作名词,后者作动词“实现雄心壮志”中“实现”可选用此外realize,fulfill,也有实现梦想/理想之意make---come true,carry…out【答案】
2.always makesadequate preparations“作准备”的体既有“充足的”可选形容词有prepare-,•for;make preparationsfor…enough,而多在句中充当表语成分,如.sufficient,adequate,well-prepared Hiscounsel waswell-prepared他的律师做了充足准备【答案]
3.All thatisneededis此句不要受汉语思维的影响用来翻译,“唯一要做的”,其实是“你所需要做的一切”0nly【答案】
4.without writtenpermission fromthe publishinghouse
①介词短语表达“未经容许”;
②表达“(书面)without writtenpermission writtenpermission容许;
③表达“出版社”the publishinghouse【答案】
5.is mostclearly observableinthesurrounding fieldand river
②surroundingfield andriver表达“周围的田野和河流”【答案]
6.another commonpoint betweenthepeopleofourtwo countries本题通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整虽然原文没有和相对应的词,不过“共同点”between是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的成果,因此增补之后,符合英语体现习惯增词between法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一【答案】
7.were widelyread inEnglish-speaking countries这句话易被错译为原文中“英语国家”的含义是“讲英语were widelyread inEnglish countrieso的国家”又如我卖掉了彩电这句译文错误在于,没弄清“彩电”Isold outmy color TV.的含义其有两层意思一是指详细的实物,即彩色电视机color TVset;二是指屏幕上出现的影像,即彩色电视这都体现了英汉体现差异colorTV【答案】
8.and sodoes reform考点有二
①考察词性转移原文中“解放”用作动词,“生产力”作宾语译文中处理成名词短语“对生产力的解放”
②考察省译法我们不能把原文译成and reformalso meansthe这种构造显得累赘为防止反复,可选用…来emancipationoftheproductiveforces,and sodoes替代这个动宾构造[答案
①Epidemics arerampant throughoutthe wholehuman history,and theyhave caused the most[答案]
10.serve theeconomic development“服务于……”即“为……服务”,因此要用.的构造,不能译成“进serve sb./sth beserved too程”也是一种范围词,可以省略不译此外,是一种固定构造,含义是“附besubordinatedto属于……从属于……【答案】
11.only tobe toldthat shecouldnt comeby then本题考察对“only+不定式”构造的掌握此构造相称于一种成果状语,意为“成果却”,表达事情的发展与预料相反如:He rushedalltheway tothe stationonly to他一路奔跑赶到车站,可是车已经开走了miss thetrain.【答案】
12.in appearancebut notin character
①in appearance表达“外表”,往往包括衣着,而looks复数形式表达容貌,单数形式则表达“表情、神色”,尤指快乐时的表情;
②incharacter表达“性格”【答案】
13.than goon holidaytotheseaside
②onholiday表达“度假”
③seaside表达“海滨”【答案】
14.through facialexpressions andby makingnoises本题要注意介词的选择同样是表达措施途径,前后的介词选择却有不一样,考生要注意比较和记忆【答案】
15.what reallymade medecide tobuy it本题考察对引导的主语从句的掌握根据句子构造,前半句是引导的让步状语what although从句,而主句中只有系表构造,缺乏主语,故需要翻译的部分应当是一种主语从句devastating impactson us.在整个人类历史上瘟疫肆虐,他们给我们带来了劫难性的影响For example,the outbreakof H1N1once killedlots ofpeopleandbrought greateconomic losstothe2whole country.例如,甲型流感的爆发夺去了诸多人的生命并且给整个国家带来了重大经济影响H1N1According toa recentsurvey,four millionpeople dieeach yearfrom diseaseslinkedtosmoking.3根据近来的一项调查,每年有人死于与吸烟有关的疾病4,000,000Children areundergoing fastphysical development;lackofphysicalexercisemay produce4disastrous influenceon theirlater life.孩子们正处在身体迅速发育时期,缺乏体育锻炼也许会对他们未来的生活导致严重的影响In fact,we haveto admitthefactthatthequality oflife isas importantas lifeitself.5第一部分写作写作环节关键指导实际上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命自身同样重要月四级作文真题12Directions:For thispart,youareallowed30minutes towrite ashort essayonthe topic ofCreating AGreen Campus.You shouldwrite atleast120words followingtheoutlinegivenbelow:建设绿色校园很重要L.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……
2.为了建设绿色校园,我们应当……3
(一)审题立意.首先审题目以及提纲,考生很轻易判断出这是问题处理类作文
1.该作文体现出一种较新的命题方式,首先在题材上,仍然是我们所熟悉的校园类话题,同步2兼顾社会的热点环境保护问题,这也与社会的大背景有关系,刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会也同步关注环境保护减排这个主题,因此我们的作文也与社会热点有很大的关系分析题目“绿色”和“校园”是本作文的关键词考生应当考虑绿色校园详细GreenCampus是什么含义重点应放在绿色校园的含义以及我们应当采用的措施上考卷已经列出了提纲,这是对“三段式”提纲类作文写作构造的考察
(二)草拟提纲段落一论述问题段
①开门见山,绿色校园引起人们关注;
②建立绿色校园对自己、他人及社会均有重要影响段落二阐明原因段
①绿色校园具有两层含义;
②绿色,无污染;
③人文精神、文明建设、人文关怀、友好段落三处理措施段
①为了建设绿色校园,个人、学校、政府和社会各界应当采用哪些措施;
②对未来的展望根据以上构思,写作提纲如下Creating A Green CampusWhatsa green campus andhowtocreat a green campusCreating AGreenCampusI.Nowadays the topic ofa green campus has aroused publicattention,lit isof vitalimportancetothestudents
2.It has a profound impact onsocietyII.The ideaofa green campus,,is beyonda green environment.
1.greenenvironment preservation and protection
2.a civilizedatmosphere forstudents5mental health3II.It isimperative forustotake effective measurestocreat a green campus.
1.The lawand regulationsshould beworked out
2.Enhanced theawareness ofthe studentsthemselves
(三)落笔写作论述问题段根据题目中的提纲,首先强调建立绿色校园的重要性,最佳在此句之前做一种铺L垫,简介建立绿色校园受到人们广泛关注这一背景信息,即thetopicofa green campushas arousedpublicattention.常见问题用词匮乏如“很重要important使用对策:使用精彩替代词如:等the indispensablepart for,has aprofound impacton,significance•阐明原因段对绿色校园的两方面含义进行论述此外在展开论证过程中,抽象句子要举例阐2明,如such asplanting moretrees andflowers,for example,students willbe severelypunished in case这些详细信息使文章更生动,轻易理解of cheating in exams,常见问题构造不清,缺乏层次感使用对策要注意各个理由之间的逻辑关系,合适地运用表达层次关系的词语,如t beginwith,in additionto;furthermore/notonly,・・but also・・・/what smore;for example/for等instance/such as;in otherwords/in particular本文的阐明原因段可分为如下三个层次进行论证
①开门见山首先对“绿色校园”在下文要波及的内容进行总体概括The ideaofagreencampus“is beyondagreenenvironment.
②正面论证阐明“绿色校园”的第一层含义,也就是我们最熟知的一层含义,即campus然后举例深入解释此含义,并construction refersto greenenvironment preservationand protectiono强调其重要性.在这个过程中考生要注意亮which makescampus an ecological and natural resort点词汇以及句型的使用
③背面论证使用引出“绿色校园”的第二层含义,即in additionto createa civilizedatmosphere forthe sake ofstudentsmental health.然后举例深入解释此含义如For example,students willbe severelypunished in case of cheatingin exams and plagiarizing in academic papers..处理措施段鉴于“绿色校园”的重要性,阐明采用措施的必要性,如3To bring“green campus”to itsfull play,effective measuresshould betaken.常见问题用语过于直白或极端如…等We must…/We should使用对策要站在中庸的立场上,客观地提出提议,可使用某些表达客观立场的词语,如Itis essentialthat…;Only bythecoefforts ofthe wholesociety couldugreen campus”work smoothly.这样使自己的观点体现得既委婉又客观CreatingAGreen CampusNowadaysthetopicofagreen campushasbeenwidely debatedwhich hasaroused publicattention.Undoubtedly,agreen campus,the indispensablepart forthedevelopmentof collegestudents,hasaprofound impacton bothindividuals andsociety,for itssignificance cannot be denied.The ideaof“agreencampus“is beyondagreenenvironment.To beginwith,campus constructionrefersto greenenvironmentpreservationandprotection,such asplanting moretrees andflowers,whichmakes campusanecologicalandnaturalresort,and advocatinggreen products.For example,students areencouragedto avoidusing disposable plastic containersin campusdining halland recyclewastedbatteries andother electricalproducts properly.In additiontotheenvironmentally friendlypractice,weshall makeevery efforttoimprovethe moralstandard andethical levelof universitystudents inorder tocreatea civilizedatmosphereforthesakeofstudentsmental health.Forexample,students willbeseverely punishedincaseofcheatinginexamsandplagiarizinginacademicpapers.To bring“greencampus“to itsfull play,effectivemeasuresshould betaken.First,based onitseducation function,campus shouldbring thetheory ofsustainable development”into classrooms,setenvironmental managementrules andconduct environmentaleducation activities.Second,it isessentialthat lawandregulationsbeworkedoutandenforced bythe governmentand schoolauthorities.Only bytheco-efforts ofthe wholesociety couldgreencampus“work smoothlyand bring benefit to peopleswell-beings.
(四)修改润色作文基本完毕后来,重要有如下两项任务.检查1检查与否包括考卷提纲列出的所有信息;各段落衔接与否连贯,使用In thefirst place,等词可以到达这种效果;语法上单词Furthermore,On theone hand,For instance,On theother hand拼写上与否有误,如较长单词等,indispensable,environmentally friendly,preservation,plagiarizing以及短语hasaprofoundimpacton,disposableplasticcontainers,incaseof,bring•••to itsfull play,以及最终一段中虚拟语气、倒装句使用与否对的防止使用“汉语式英语”;检bringbenefitto查文章标点符号与否对的.润色2例如Only bythecoefforts ofthewholesociety could“greencampus”work smoothlyand bringbenefittopeopleswellbeings中使用倒装句的构造,凸显考生的语法功底第一部分写作一一出现亮点四级作文在追求明白、通顺、完整的同步,还要力争语言的生动、形象、让开头结尾更新奇脱俗,为作文增色,获得高分⑴词汇选择标新立异)尽量使用同义词防止简朴反复在使用同义词的时候需要考生在选词时斟酌其含义的微妙差1异,辨析同义词在详细语境中的不一样使用方法如“认为”可用harbor theidea that,take theattitude that,holdtheview that,it iswidely shared等;“好的”可用等that,itisuniversally acknowledgedthat conducive/beneficial/advantageous但要注意词汇的精确性,即必须还要考虑适合的语境例如形容眼睛“大”,很显然,great,这些“大”都是不恰当的,而只能使用large,huge,vast,titanic,enormous big)尽量使用词性变化来丰富自己的体现手段2如替代to voicesome different opinions togive/express somedifferentopinions;to double/triple替代twice orthreetimes;尽量使用派生形式来点缀文章亮点3如be indicativeof,be suggestiveof,be fearfulof替代indicate,suggest,fear;itisof greatimportance/help/use/significance替代itisvery important/significant/helpful/useful;notunnecessary/not unimportanto四级考试词汇局限性采用措施4在四级作文写作过程中,诸多考生往往有诸多话要说,不过词汇量局限性无法完整体现自己的意思为了应付这种状况,我们总结简便易行的应急措施
①试用笼统词英语中有些详细词音节较多,使用频率不高,轻易遗忘,而英语中笼统词有等,have,take它的意义广泛,搭配性强,构成词组后可以替代众多详细动词,大体体现意思例如这个男孩跟他父亲长得很像The boyresembles his father.分析这个句子中,假如考生想不起这个单词时,用替代如resemble takeafter Theboy.其效果及体现的意义决不亚于第一句这样的例子还诸多如takes afterhisfather二I experienceda terriblehard time.Ihada terriblehard time.I willpreside overthe meeting.=Iwilltake themeeting.
②联想有关词汇当遗忘单词时,发挥想象力,想出一切与之有关的单词,多角度地运用语言一般状况下,联想可按下列思绪进行联想同义词;联想反义词12英语语言中众多的同义词在许多状况下是可以通用的但也要注意英语同义词并不是完全对等,要根据详细语境选择同义词The driverstepped onthe gas and acceleratedthe car.分析accelerate使用频率不太高,很轻易遗忘而其同义词quicken;speed up却很轻易记后来者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义再如the prevailingeconomic conditions in Northern二Ireland thecurrent economicconditionsinNorthern Ireland同样,用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的,例如He isstubborn.=He isnot tame.She istalkative.=She isnever quiet.
③试用解释性语句解释性语句能协助我们巧妙地避开某些大词,难词,又能使意思体现流畅英语当中多功能解释性语句,就可以起到这一作用例如He isa dumb.=He isa personwho cannot speak.Ive neverseen sucha stubbornperson.=Ive neverseen sucha personwho neverlistens toothersadvice.四级作文的评分原则一般侧重于能清晰地体现意义,段落,层次有系统性,语法对的,而并不过度强调用词的精确度当考生碰到难词或遗忘词时,不要钻牛角尖,应当采用灵活的思维措施,运用有限的词汇作出美妙的文章⑵恰当运用修辞英语作文中常用的修辞方式是比方比方包括明喻、暗喻和换喻三种明喻一种修辞手法,把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较.用或用其like,as,as…as,as ifthough他词语指出两个不一样事物的相似之处例如那个人不可信赖他像鳗鱼同样狡猾The mancan tbe trusted.He isas slipperyasaneel..童年就像一场即逝的梦Childhood islike aswiftly passingdream暗喻用一种词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的此外一种事物例如世界是一种大舞台The worldisastage.哀愁之海a seaof troubles换喻用某一事物的名称替代此外一种与它关系亲密的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种例如用替代美国政府或者总统,用来替代the WhiteHouse thebottle wine或者用来替代用替代等例如alcohol,the barthe legalprofession,crown king母亲尽最大努力照看孩子The motherdid herbest totake careofthecradle..他在年继承了王位He succeededtothecrown in18481848⑶开头结尾新奇脱俗文章的开篇措施多种多样,大家必须根据文章的题材、体裁、读者等来加以选择作文常见的开头形式大体有如下几种
①开门见山,直入主题开始段可用简洁的语言直陈主题思想,既可以吸引读者的注意力,又可以防止跑题例如主题(安乐死)EuthanasiaIt hasbeen saidthat euthanasiais quietlybeing practicedin someurban areasof China,despite alackof legalprotection forthe deathoption.In myopinion,itisright toexercise mercykilling.该段第一句引入安乐死这一讨论的主题,第二句接着直接陈说作者对安乐死的见解从这个开始段不难看出,全文将论述“为何实行安乐死是对的”
②以问句形式开头,点明主题文章的开头还可用设问的方式点明主题,提醒全文内容,激发读者读下去,探个究竟例如主题Water ShortageChina,a countryblessed withagreatnumberofrivers,has abundantwater resources.However,Chinas manycities aregoing thirsty.What hascausedtheshortage本段第一句说中国水资源丰富,第二句指出中国许多都市却缺水,第三句提出了读者心中的疑问是什么原因导致缺水呢从而激发读者的爱好,吸引读者读下去,寻找问题的答案
③引用名言、谚语,点明主题开始段还可以巧妙引用与主题有关的名言、常用习语、谚语、格言等,既可增强文章的感染力,也可点题或表明作者的观点例如(合用于已记住的名言)A proverbsays,“You areonly youngonce.(合用于自编名言)It goeswithout sayingthat wecannotbeyoung forever.引用名言,使文章很自然进入主题,同步也增强了文章的感染力
④运用数字记录原则上在议论文当中不应当出现虚假数字,可是在考试的时候可以编造数字例如According toa recentsurvey,about
78.9%ofthecollegestudentswanted tofurther theirstudy aftertheirgraduation.A recentstatistics showsthat tensof billionsof poundsis spenton cigarettesevery yearin ourcountry.文章开头使用数字,这样吸引读者的注意,并且是描写显得生动有力
⑤描写共有经历,引起共鸣。
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