2025年英国文学全景解析核心知识点深度梳理

英国文学史L OldEnglish LiteratureThe LateMedieval Ages贝奥武夫:vBeowulf thenational epicof theAnglo-SaxonsEpic:long narrativepoems thatrecord theadventures orheroic deedsof ahero enactedin vastlandscapes.Thestyle ofepic isgrand andelevated.Artistic features:

1.Using alliterationDefinitionof alliteration:a rhetoricaldevice,meaning somewords in a sentencebegin with the sameconsonant（头韵）soundSome exampleson P

52.Using metaphorand understatementDefinitionof understatement:expressing somethinginacontrolled wayUnderstatement is a typicalway forEnglishmento expresstheir ideas杰弗里•乔叟Geoffery Chaucer1340〜1400（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作约翰•德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》）The fatherof Englishpoetry.writing style:wisdom,humor,humanity.

①The CanterburyTales〉坎特伯雷故事集（双韵体）first timeto useheroic coupletby middleEnglish

②vTroilus andCriseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德）声誉之宫

3.The Houseof Fame,（传奇故事）Medieval Agespopular Literaryform:RomanceInclude:The ChimneySweeperLondonThe TygerLambis a symbol ofpeace andpurityTyger isasymbolof dreadand oiolence

③The Marriageof Heavenand Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻罗伯特•彭斯

9.Robert Burns1759〜1796The greatestScottish poetin thelate18th century.重要用苏格兰方言写的诗Poems Chieflyin theScottish Dialect

①〈约翰•安德生，我的爱人John Anderson,My Jo

②A Red,Red Rose,一朵红红的玫瑰

③Auld LongSyne往昔时光

④AMan sa Manfor AThat,不管那一套

⑤MyHeart sin theHighlands,我的心在那高原上Bruce AtBannockburn6The TreeOf Liberty7V TheRomantic Period〉，The romanticperiod beganin1798the publicationof Wordsworth and ColeridgesLyrical Balladsand endin1832with SirWalter Scotfsdeath.Romanticism:It emphasizethe specialqualitieof eachindividual smind.（人应当是独立自由的个体）In it,emotion overreason,spontaneous emotion,a changefrom theouter worldof socialcivilization to theFamous threeKing ArthurSirGawain and the GreenKnightBeowulfii TheRenaissance PeriodAperiod ofdrama andpoetry.The Elizabethandrama is the realmainstream of the EnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:the activity,spirit,or timeof thegreat revivalof art,literature,and learningin Europebeginning in the14th centuryand extendingto the17th century,marking thetransition fromthe medievalto the modern world.Three historicalevents of the Renaissance-rebirth orrevival:

1.new discoveriesin geographyand astrology

2.the religiousreformation andeconomic expansion

3.rediscovery of ancient Romanand GreekcultureThe mostfamous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.埃德蒙•斯宾塞

1.Edmund Spenser1552〜1599后人称之为“诗人的诗人”The poetspoet.The firstto beburied inthe Poets comerof WesterminsterAbbey

①The FaerieQueene仙后for QueenElizabethThe themeis not“Arms andthe man”,but somethingmore romanticFierce warsand faithfullloves,\Artistic features:

1.Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition ofSpenserianStanza:a stanzaof ninelines ababbcbcc.Eight linesin iambic pentameter,and lastline iniambichexameter.

②The ShepherdsCalendar〉牧人日历The themeis tolament overthe lossof Rosalind.

③vAmoretti爱情小唱？托马斯莫尔

2.Thomas More1478〜1535One of the greatestEnglish humanists

①Utopia〉乌托邦弗兰西斯•培根

3.Francis Bacon1561〜1626哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代试验科学的先驱Philosopher,scientist,lay thefoundation formodern science.The firstEnglish essayist.Writing style:brevity,compactnesspowerfulness,well-arranging andenriching byBiblical allusions,metaphorsand philosophyto mansreason.〉学术的推进©The Advancementof Learning

②Essays随笔famous quotas:Of studiesThetheme ofOf Studies:uses andbenefits ofstudy anddifferent waysadopted bydifferent peopleto pursuestudies.

4.Ben Jonson©Comedy ofHumours

②^^丫巾!^,狐狸0or thefox柯里斯托弗•马洛

5.Christopher Marlowe1564〜1595University Wits”，the pioneerof Englishdrama（完善了无韵体诗）Blank verse:written inunrhymed iambicpentameter.

①女!^浮土德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）Tragical Historyof DoctorFaustus,帖木耳大帝？

③〈马耳他的犹太人The Jewof Malta,威廉•莎士比亚

6.WilliamShakespeare1564〜1616

①Historical plays:Henry VI;Henry IV:Richard III;Henry V；Richard II；Henry VIII

②Four Comedies四大喜剧皆大欢喜；As YouLike It第十二夜；Twelfth Night,〉仲夏夜之梦；A MidsummerNight SDream威尼斯商人Merchant OfVenice,四大悲剧©Four Tragedies哈姆莱特；Hamlet奥赛罗；李尔王;OtheHo KingLear麦克白Macbeth©Shakespeare Sonnet:154The SonnetsThreequatrain andone couplet,ababcdcdefefggA sonnetisalyric consistingof14lines,usually in iambicpentameterrestricted toa definitionrhymescheme.Ill The17th Century约翰•弥尔顿

1.John Milton1608〜1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力土参孙》）

①Epics:〈ParadiseLost〉失乐园复乐园Paradise Regained,力土参孙©Dramatic poem:Samson Agonistes

③Areopagitica论出版自由？〉为英国人民声辩The Defenceof theEnglish People

④On HisBlindness〉我的失明This sonnetis writteniniambicpentameter rhymedin abbaabba cdecde,typical ofItalian sonnet.Its themeis thatpeople usetheir talentfor God,and theyserve himbest shocan endurethe sufferingbest.约翰•班扬

2.John Bunyan1628〜1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作）（清教徒派诗人）Puritan poet©Religionary Allegory:The PilgrimJs Progress,天路历程

3.John Donne（玄学派诗人）.the Metaphysicalpoet（玄学诗）（用语）（形式）Metaphysical Poetrythe dictionis simple,the imageryis fromthe actual,the form（主题）is frequentlyan argumentwiththepoet sbeloved,with god,or withhimself.love,religious,thoughtArtistic features:奇思妙喻

1.conceits orimagery三段论

2.syllogism

①Meditations沉思录虱子The Flea

②Songs AndSonnetsHoly Sonnets

（3）Valediction:Forbidding MourningIVThe18th Century（克制情感）A revivalof interestintheold classicalworks,order,logic,restrained emotion and accuracyTheAge ofEnlightenment/Reason:the movementwas afurtherance of the Renaissanceofthe15thand16th centries,（）（）a progressiveintellectual movement,reason rationality,equalityscience the18th century小说崛起（现实主义小说）In themid-century,the newlyliterary form,modern Englishnovel risedrealistic novel（哥特式小说）（）Gothic novelmystery,horror,castles frommiddle parttotheend ofcentury亚历山大•蒲柏

1.Alexander Pope1688〜1744（世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体/“词句工整、精练、富有哲理18heroic couplets”性）One ofthe firstto introducerationalism to England.

①An Essay on Criticism〉北匕评论Artistic features:

1.Using“heroic couplets”

②The RapeoftheLock,卷发遇劫记

③（MoralEssays,道德论人论EssayonMan愚人记The Dunciad塞缪尔约翰逊

2.Samuel Johnson1709〜1784

①Dictionary=A Dictionaryof EnglishLanguage〉英语大词典乔纳森•斯威夫特

3.Jonathan Swift1667〜1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和挖苦小说家）a mastersatiristo

①〈格歹佛游记（）Gulliver sTravels,U fictionalworkFour parts:小人国Lilliput大人国Brobdingnag飞岛Flying Island马岛Houyhnhnm一种小小的提议A ModestProposal

②The Battleof Books〉书战

③A TaleofaTub木桶的故事

④The Drapper，s Letters一种麻布商的书信丹尼尔•笛福

4.Daniel Defoe1660-1731小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人He isthe firstwriter studyofthelower-class people,hislanguage issmooth,easy,colloquial andmostly vernacular,and heisthefounder ofrealistic novel.

①〈〉鲁宾逊漂流记Robinson CrusoeItpraise thefortitude ofthe humanlabor andthe Puritan.Robinson grewfrom anaive andartless youthinto ashrewd andhardened man,tempered bynumerous trialsin hiseventfullife.It isan adventurestory,Robinson,narrates howhe goesto sea,gets shipwreckedand maroonedonalonely island,struggles tolive for24-years thereand finallygets relievedand returnstoEngland.Moll Flanders2Colonel Jacque3Captain singleton4亨利•菲尔丁

5.Henry Fielding1707〜1754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”）He iscalled uFatherof Englishnovel.He wasthe firstto writea Comicepic inprose”（散文体史诗）,andthefirstto givethemodernnovel itsstructure andstyle.

①novels:〉弃婴汤姆•琼斯The Historyof TomJones,a Foundling〉约瑟夫•安德鲁The HistoryoftheAdventures ofJoseph Andrews〉大诗人江奈生•威尔德The Lifeof MrJonathan Wild,the Great〈〉爱米利亚Amelia

②plays:一七三六年历史记事The HistoricalRegister for1736堂吉柯德在英国Don Quixotein England,奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯

6.Oliver Goldsmith1730〜1774poems:1旅游人The Traveller荒村The DesertedVillage,novel:2威克菲尔德牧师传The Vicarof Wakefield,理查德•布林斯利•施莱登

7.Richard BrinsleySheridan1751-1816〉情敌The Rivals1〉造谣学校The Schoolfor Scandal2威廉•布莱克

8.William Blake1757〜1827天真之歌Songs ofInnocence,1A happyand innocentworld fromchildrens eye.〉经验之歌Songs ofExperience2A wordof misery,poverty,disease,war andrepression witha melancholytone frommen eyes.。