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英语四级综合笔记((((听力35%)、阅读35%)、完型填空或改错10%)、作文和翻译20%)各单项报道分的满分分别为听力249分,阅读249分,完型填空或改错70分,作文142分各单项分相加之(和等于总分710分)由于是从WORD复制过来,导致某些特殊符号不能显示假如需要原版,请留言目录
一、听力概述和故事型及文章型题目
二、小对话六大类行分析
三、小对话高频场景分析
四、多义词汇讲解及科技型文章讲解
五、语音讲解(英、美),语音现象(吞音、连读等)
六、重要短语集合、听力敏感度训练、六大类关键词
七、长对话类型分析
八、复合式听写技巧总结(语音、词汇)听力规律考试失败必男生(历年考试中只有女生Mary一出现,则为背面人物)安慰必女生火车必迟到飞机必晚点邀约必失败吃饭必成功受伤必轻伤车祸必生还货品必售完(书、票)
一、听力概述和故事型及文章型题目(-)故事型文章判断原则判断原则(所给答案中)不小于等于两个人名、地名
1.“解释结尾”考点一一“结尾”标志停止三秒钟
2.转折考点(通用考点)But,however,yet,unexpectedly,otherwise,...
3.对话考点he saidhe laughtednHhe wept(weep)n nheanswered
11...升调表否认、疑问(语气语气出考点)(所给选项中)同主语题,例若主语同为he只听男方的一句态度
(二)阐明型文章判断原则选项围绕一种词进行讲解
2.词义题背单词!联络上下文猜词词的表面含义必为错
3.主旨题
①基本思绪找到全文中鲜明的主题词和主题句
②定位方式题干重现词;段首重现词;首段首句;首段转折句;(问题方案文章指对方案的评价为主题)
③注意事项各类题型的答案都必须符合文章主题
4.态度题=主旨题
5.推理题(难度高)1提醒词infer,conclude,learn from2解题环节找到题目所针对的段落;分析段落中比较和转折的现象;选择与原文意义最靠近的选项
③注意真确答案规定,推理成分越少越好;答案必须符合文章主题
6.例证题
①注意事项就事论事的选项比错
②基本思绪例证答案针对对应段落首末两句或例子前后总结性话语
7.试验题(也许考)
①阅读措施详看试验成果,略看试验过程试验目的二首段的目的不定式;全文主题
②考点试验结论=末端首末两句试验成果find,show,notice,discover,observe
(三)逻辑比较文现象解释解释为主题,问号为现象标志(人文主观方面)结论解释结论为主题
(四)题材理与自然之间的问题,问题方案,对方案的评价(自然界)【基本规律处理方案不完美,作者态度为客观】
(五)体材
1.议论文重点辨别作者的观点和态度
2.阐明文把握作者所下的定义,关键的数据和细节
3.记叙文(.6,.12);31夹叙夹议(以议为主)1阅读措施分断阅读,重在结尾2题型与解题思绪细节题答案必须符合作者主题;主旨题答案集中在结尾部分
(六)类型单线式/对立式(把握好对立观点代表词,如赞同for、对立agai nst)
(七)解题环节
1.扫描题干,找关键词
2.浏览原文,做标识(关键词、转折词、比较词、因果词)3,比较选项得答案
二、迅速阅读
(一)热点题材《Times》《Economist》
1.环境(
08.6温室气体)
2.经济(经济危机、美元贬值)
3.能源(不可再生燃料fossil fuels)
4.美国大选(奥巴马美国黑人总统,希拉里,民族构成)
(二)阅读环节
1.仔细阅读文章标题大标题=文章主题,小标题=层次主题和构造
2.仔细阅读文章首段=写作背景/有时针对第10题答案
3.分析题干识别关键词
4.根据关键词找到若干句子进行阅读,其他部分一概不看
(三)题型与解题思绪
1.判断比较两句的含义,注意未有出现的关键词所在的选项为
2.填空将原文信息与题干进行比较多出/剩余部分即为答案
3.单项选择题选项与原文用词最一致者为对的答案作文现象分析题
一、议论文正反观点题Howto”题(大学生怎样做)
(一)现象分析•第一段现象陈说【校园现象】In campus,it canoften beheard abouthow topass anexam,to hunta goodjobor evento makefriends.While,recently,it seems/appears noother topicsc anarousemore studentsattention thanthe onethat同位语从句.[社会现象]Nowadays,everybody whooften readsthe newspapermight wellbe exposedto such afact as同位语从句,which hasrecently beenbrought to the hub of the publicattention.【越来越多的人关注…】
①Nowadays,建题天键回,as a hot topic,is increasing]y arousingpublicattention for the veryreason that(话题展开句).©nowadays,the newspapershave pushedthe issueof(话题关键词)tothehubof the publicattention/concern for the veryreason that(话题展开句).•第二段原因二主题句+扩展句主题句If askedwhat Ishould do,well,I wouldlike to do thefollowings.The firstis to原因1,doing”原因2,no matterwhat kinds of difficulties lying ahead/1will meet.The(second,I think I had better makefull useof theschool resources,such asthe assistant)work in a lab,which is also quite a good way.扩展句主观(think,feel…)”…to such an extent that…”=so因止匕the developmentof society/economyThe improvementof livingstandardsThe increaseof population客观The environmentpollutionThe globalwarmingThe fierce/severe/cruel competitionH...for the reason that...n=because;”・・・,making,...nHe is ill tosuchan extentthat heis absent.例He isabsent forthereasonthatheisill.He isill makinghimself absent.(原因段Why youmay wonderThere aretwo reasonsaccounting forit.For onet hing,・・・,tosuchanextentthat.・・・For theother,making…•第三段(动作段)措施、危害措施1-------to do写法措施2——谓语动词用doing伴随措施之一
1.措施动词不定式to do基本不考非谓语动词动名词doing分词doing/done非谓语动词l)to do表措施的常用句型彳故表语The firstimportant thingis to do.The firstimportant thing,which playsthe fundamentalrole inthe issuessolution is to do.做主语To do...serves to assist the issues total solution.(能源短缺型)To increase the investment on RDto look for somesubstitute energyserves toassist theissues totalsolution.做同位语The measureto do...should betaken assoon aspossible.做宾语I stronglyfeel ithighly imperativeforthe authorities to do....下定决心干make upone!s mindto dosth措施词组尽全力做make everyeffort todo...不遗余力做spare noeffort todo.・.[措施段]There aremany measuresto betaken.The firstimportant thingis to
①/
②/
③.In addition,in myview,it ishigh time that详细状况.ORThere aremany measuresto betaken.First,I stronglyfeel ithighly imperativef ortheauthorities to
①/
②/
③.Second,it isalso necessarythat thegovernment should详细状况.©establish somerelevant regulations/policies/decrees/laws andput theminto practice,making itunder control.(万能措施)
②arouse thepublic concern/attention toit.引起公众的关怀(常用措施)
③increasethe investmentonit.增长投资【能源短缺型题】To increasethe investmenton RDto lookfor somesubstitute energyservestoassisttheissuestotalsolution.2)谓语动词-ed”It ishighly imperative/suggested thattheauthoritiesshould do...It is(high)timethat(theinvestmentwasincresaed)过去式从句.(虚拟.语气)3)提供doing伴随1)、2)其一The firstimportant thingistoestablish therelevant policies,making theissue unders omecontrol.
2.危害段(个人、社会)1)个人举例阐明_A_,for example,_B_A是对B的总结,B为详细例子*Some fakeproducts doharm topeoples health,for example,fake medicinecan even killone person.Too muchtime oncomputer cancause somemental unfitness,for example,one mayfeelrather depressedwhen heis deprivedof(被录U夺了)the computereven forone day.2)社会情绪法(憎恨、遗憾、怀疑…等偏否认态度)【危害段】The negativeeffects of该现象的关键名词are obvious.A归纳总结性语句,forexample,B详纤H彳列子.Also it can byno meansescape fromthe blamefor adissatisfying/disappointing/bad/awful societysforming.二正反观点对比题•第一段Recently,there isgoing onahotdiscussion onsome websites*bbs,arguing whether话题陈说句,which ishard togive a definite answer to.Nowadays,people arealways talkingabout whether同上,which isreally/indeed noteasyto fiveadefiniteanswerto.话题疑问句As mostof ushave hadthe unpleasantoccasion todiscover,onepersonsanswer canbe quitedifferent fromanothefs.People havetheir ownways ofloo kinguponthis problemand theirown reasonsfor thinkingso.[哲理段]要论证的哲理Honesty isthe bestpolicy.If好的方面you arehone st,itfollows that简朴陈说益处people will believe you,doing伴随解释好的方面带来的成果helping youwhen you are introuble.On thecontrary,if反方血youarecheati ng/deceptive/not honest,you willsoon findyourself trappedinaterrible conditiont hat背面导致的成果no onewillbeyour friend./no matterwhat yousay,no onebeliev esyou.[
①某些人认为--------Some peoplebelieve宾从.主从=It isgenerally believedthat.主语从句转换法=There isa popularview/belief amongsome peoplethat同从.同位语从句转换法=One allegation/view/assumption often made bysome peopleis that表从•表语从句转换法
②我认为-------1think—.=It*s myview/point that.=1have alwaysbeen of the impressure/thought that.=My standingpoint is that.•第二段陈说他人观点【他人观点]One allegationoftenmadeisthat观点
①,because theybelieve原因
0.While,among thediscussion soundsan oppositevoice,saying观点
②.•第三段我的观点【我的观点】In myopinion,I cannotagree with the latterany more,for I have alwaysbeen ofthe impressionthat观点
②的主观论据.Further,it isalso onereason formy standingpointthat观点
②的客观论据.三how to题•第一段必要性分析作用、好处、益处、必要性【必要性】Frankly speaking,话题is obviouslyhelpful/necessary for a collegestu dentsgrowth,no matterwhat kind of specialtyhe orshe ismajoring in.For example,itcanbegreatly instrumentalto developa studentsability inthe campus,which wille xertfar-reaching significancefor hisor herfuture life.•第二段普遍途径直接动作化间接非动作化【普遍途径]There aremany waysforthecollege studentsto takepart in.For example,one can途径
①直接withthehelp of,which seemsto bequite availablefor everystudent.While,these days,an increasingnumber ofstudents tendto途径
②sosi alactivities bymeansof_.•第三段我打算怎么做=我的途径思绪一校内内容校外思绪二思想实践【思绪一]If askedwhat Ishould do,well,I wouldlike todo thefollowings.The first istostep out ofthecampus,ndoingnunder takingsome officework duringmy free time,nomatter whatkindsofdifficultieslyingahead/1will meet.The second,I thinkIhad bettermakefull useoftheschool resources,such asthe assistantwork ina1ab,which isalsoquite a goodway.【思绪二]At thequestion ofwhat Ishould do,I havemade upmy mindto我的做法.Inthe meantime,I thinkit alsoequally importantthat Ishould takepractical action,doing”详细行动.【凑字数】In aword,todo呼应主题isahighly imperative/essential/vital/indispensableth ingforacollege student,especially inthese days.
1.“最”特质考点most,moreJ-estJ-er
2.因果考点because,so;for(句中);as(句前);thats thereason why…
3.首末考点(通用考点),首三句,末三句段落题做题原则视听基本一致原则耳听声、眼看题次序做题原则对立选项保留原则选项当中若有两个相对立,则其中之一必为答案,其他直接排除
二、小对话六大类行分析
(一)数字题
1、数量价格类措施1)听“新”答案(通过运算所得)2)简记数字(bill账单、现金,cent,change)
2、时间类
①时间细节类一首末时间点,尤其首时间
②时间运算类一时间点加减时间量当时间点超过一种以上,以目前时间点为基础Delay ago力口late减eatlyLater earlierInahead oftime
(二)对话地点题head for去哪At/on/in/to+someplace高频地点restaurant,hotel,airport(假如地点题中有其一词出现则必选)
(三)人物、职业关系题
(1)人物职业题高频职业secretary秘书,receptionist前台服务员,waitress女服务生,airl inehostess空姐,tour guide导游
(2)人物关系高频关系医患关系,老板职工(职工staff),亲属关系(多考双胞胎,母子),月艮务女与顾客(waitress-customer,passenger-airline hostess,tourist-tour guide)
(四)动作题以动词(do,todo,doing)开头
(1)情态动作类情态词+动(could,must,have to,hadbetter,would)
(2)时间动作类(now,right now)目前进行时,在强调某一种动作(考点!)⑶提议动作类(why not...,how aboutdoing...,what aboutdoing,if iwere you...,whydo…〈意为该动作do的否认意义,)
(五)细节题,抓首末的细节
(六)意义解释题重读出考点!
三、高频六大场景
(一)library场景
1.申请场景apply v.Application(申请n.)form申请,application letter/the letterof application申请信,cancel取消,reapply再申请
2.查询check outyou cancheck thoseby index(索弓I).[thumb拇指,index finger食指,middle finger中指,ring finger无名指,li ttlefinger小指】
3.借阅book,magazine,issue期刊、案件(重大而难以处理的问题)bac kissue过期刊物,current issue现刊,journa(l ist)专业期刊(记者),periodical(半)月干Li,cas,sette=tapeitem
4.矛盾:due到期,某种临近状态,be duetodosth.即将做某事,deadline,fine罚款(一般以过去式出现fined),renew续借
(二)学校场景
1.作业assignment,paper多种论文,thesis学科、课堂论文,essay随笔;学习论文semester paper,演示展现presentation
2.课堂、学制course课程,optional(可选择的)course选修课,compulsory(强制的,必须做的)course必修课,lecture讲座,lesson
(一)节课,credit学分【credit card信用卡】,year年,hour课时
3.老巾、学生大一freshman,大二sophomore,大三junior,大四senior初中junior highschool,高中senior highschool毕业生graduate,硕士postgraduate,在校生undergraduate,系主任dean,专家professor,讲师instructor,导师/家教tutor
(三)医院场景
1.病症头疼headache,胃疼stomach-ache,脚踝ankle,扭脚?,苍白的pale
2.预约make appointment
3.治疗treatment/cure,药丸pill,药片tablet,
(四)酒店场景
1.预定v.book=reserve,n.reservation(make a〜for)
2.房型single room,double room,standard(原则的)room,suite套房,总统套房presidential suite,蜜月套房honeymoon suite
3.入住check in〜check out,room serves,cash,credit card,discount
(五)餐厅场景
1.邀约would youlike•••with me订桌reserve/book atable for(+number),party聚会/党派/歹U队
2.点菜order菜单menu,特价special offer,牛排steak,甜点dessert,海鲜seafood,酒水alcohol andbeverage,吃饱full
3.结账check the bill我买单this ismy treat/the billon me,split(分担)thebi11平分AA制,go dutch各付自己的(贬),divide分(餐),food allergy食物过敏,allergic(to)过敏的
(六)飞机场场景
1.基本词汇fight航班,direct直航,transfer转乘/学/部门,passport护照,air ticket机票,luggage行李,security check安检,gate登机口,board登机
2.飞机动作:take off起飞,land降落,departure(离开)time起飞时间,ar rivaltime降落时间,transfer time转机时间,boarding time登机时间
四、多义词汇讲解及科技型文章讲解
(一)多义词汇Aadopt采用/收养adapt适应/修改二rewrite二improvearticle文章/物品=item=stuff=thing/法案二constitution二billabuse虐待(prisoner abuse)/滥用(alcohol abuse酗酒,druges abuse吸毒,powerabuse滥用职权)Bbear熊/忍受=$臣旭/承载(…有…)Beat打(死、败)/规避=dodgeBill账单/现金/法案/小广告、张贴画/喙(扁嘴)Book书/预定=reserveBox盒子/拳击/box office票房Ccase案例/箱子(suite case行李箱)/事情事件(in caseof以防万一)Cover盖子(锅盖pain cover)/封面/包括覆盖v.Charge(be incharge of负责,take chargein接管)/收费(free ofcharge免费)/充电/使充斥D deal处理=cope with/数量(agooddeal of大量的+不可数n.)/成交/事情事件(Its)a notbig dealDump垃圾场/1dumped you我甩了你/倾销(反倾销anti-dumping daty)Eexhaust枯竭耗尽/精疲力竭”-ed”/尾气废气(exhaust fromauto)Ffilm电影/拍摄=shot/胶卷【run outof用完】〜Fix修理/固定install/(fix aappointment)确认=confirm/准备Kkid小孩/开玩笑/小羊羔Kill杀/消磨Iissue期刊/事件/颁发颁布Llot大量的/地皮(parking lot)Let让/租(Ihave a houseto let)Lobby(酒店)大厅/游说,说服Mmatch比赛n./匹配,搭配(match maker线人)对象/火柴Oorder点菜/秩序/命令Ppresent礼品/赠送v./演示展现/目前的/出席的【反absent】Qquality质量/质量好的Rrun跑/经营管理Release公布公开/释放Sschool学校/学院/流派,派别Stamp邮票/贴邮票,盖章、戳/跺脚【stampede踩踏事件,惊跑】Stuff物品/填充、塞Stick树枝,拐棍/(stickto坚持)粘Stock脱销/股票Ttell告诉/辨别、辨另U【teller出纳员】Tip小费/(笔、树)尖端/温馨提醒Tie领带领结鞋带/系v./关系relationship(广泛)【Any relationshipwith…恋爱】/平局
(二)科技型文章讲解判断原则scientist科学家,experiment试验,research调查,observe观测,indicate表明文章构成结论、分析、例证考点
1.结论考点有关句在首
2、3句;提醒词indicate表明,find发现,discover发现,show表明
2.序数词考点firstly,secondly,thirdly,finallyo
3.转折词考点:but,however
4.首末句考点首三末
三五、语音现象
(一)连音失爆现象:爆破音+元音Not at all.Check itout.Cut itout.(停止)Tired ofit.(厌倦)Though ito ut.(艰难度过)
(二)六大爆破音/d//g//b//t//k//p/失爆发音条件
1.结尾是爆破音+开头为辅音Hard time;first love;next door;cold feet(紧张)
2.在语流当中结尾为爆破音要轻度、弱读Oh mygod!The inspectionof productcant makebad workgood.My feetstill hurtwhen Iput myweight onit.联络措施找出所有段落文章连音和失爆部分;试读;跟读
(三)缩读Gonna二going to将要Gotta=get to不得不必须Wanna=want to想要Kinda=kindof有些有点Sorta=sort of
(四)
六、重要短语集合及关键词
(一)重要短语Aappeal to吸引ataloss(精神上的)/mess(物理)不清晰,混乱Bbe worn(wear,〜,wore)out衣衫褴褛/精疲力竭Be(do)through with完结(该动作do的完结)【read through读完,go through经历过(痛苦的事)]Be stuckin陷入...be heldin=make it准时抵达/做到Back sb/sth up支持=I100%behind you.”[back up支援】Burn themidnight oil熬夜二stay upCcome out出现出来/(考试成果)公布公开=g怙256/开花/冲洗(胶卷fi Im)=developFfigure out弄清晰(
1.数字
2.身材体形
3.人物)Hhaveaword with谈话聊天Have awords with吵架II wasoff thework today我下班了Im goingto beoff worktomorrow.我明天不上班Llay off下岗Ooutofthe world好,非常好[amazing adj.好;amaze v.奇妙;incredible难以置信;fantastic;quitea...]
(二)听力关键六大词汇
1.转折词but,however,yet,
2.因果because so,for,as,thats thereason why
3.比较级、最高级”-er”J-est\more,most
4.序数词:firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,
5.重点形容词important,key,vital=crucial(至关重要的)chief(首要的),only
6.事实罗列词in fact,as amatter offact,actually实际上,Its truththat-**注并列实行信息点不做考点出现三大考点首末句考点,目前进行时,语气语气
七、长对话场景类型分析
(一)找工作场景
1.基本词汇lookfor=hunt,job hunter求职者,head hunter猎头,require v.(requirement n.)规定,inquire about打听问询,inquiry n.(make inquiriesabou
2.职位post,(job)vacancy空缺(vacant adj.)
3.简历,面试resume简历(resume恢复),application form=cover letter,polish修改(make sthbetter),interview(-er,-ee),address处理(-er收件人,-ee寄件人),offer提供,accept接受,turn down拒绝二decline(/减少)〜
4.工作性质:part-time job兼职,full-time job全职,intern实习生,intern job实习工作,temporary临时的(He isa tempin ourcompany他是我们企业的临口寸工)
(二)转学场景transfer
1.学校性质religious教会学校,private school私立学校,public school公立学校,community school小IX学校
2.学校质量faculty全体教员,location地理位置,speciality(教学)特色
3.学费tuition学费【intuition直觉】,living expenses(生活费)
4.证书diploma文凭,Bachelor Degree学士学位【bachelor独身汉】,Mas terDegree硕士学位,certificate资格证,school report成绩单,enroll登记
(三)租房
1.基本词汇landlord房东,landlady女房东,tenant房客,furniture家俱,f urnished精装的,unfurnished没装修的,sign anagreement/contract签协议
2.房型公寓apartment,flat;合住楼house,地下室basement
3.矛盾dump垃圾场,toilet,blackout停电,renovate(革新)装修二fitment
(四)购物场景
(五)旅游场景
(六)失物招领总结
1.抓对话成果
4.抓作者重要态度
5.抓重要话题(首末各三句)
6.抓人物身份
八、复合式听写阅读全文,预测词性,联络上下文有的空可直接出答案后三句技巧
1.名词转代
①人称用主格和宾格替代
②地点用here there替代
③物体用it替代
④谓语同义转换
2.注意事项不能空白,字迹工整,记录单词的前三个字母,句子成分要完整抓主谓,抓关键词,补全答案拼写中的语法动词过去式、被动态,大小写、专有名词,名词单复数,第三人称单数,拼写总结在做题之前一定要先找出关键词,标识是比较级、最高级、多次、否认词、关键的名次、动词、形容词、专有名词等阅读
一、仔细阅读
(一)定位原文一题对应一段,故只有5段有效
1.关键词比较级、最高级、多次、否认词、关键的名次、动词、形容词、专有名词等
2.转折词
①提醒词but,however,yet,although,while
②解题思绪转折现象前后的信息是细节和推理题分析的重点范围,首段中的转折句一般提醒全文主题
3.比较词
①体现方式词more,better,most,best,less,least句Less Athan B;more AthanB
②解题思绪将题干中的比较现象与原文类似现象相对应,得出对的答案;为题干中没有关键词时与原文的比较作为分析重点
4.因果词名reason,cause,basis,result
①提醒词连because,for,as,since动explain,base on,attribute副as aresult,therefore,thus
②解题思绪当题干中有因果词时,在原文中寻找与之相对应的词汇
(二)分类题型
1.细节题
①解题环节根据关键词精确定位原文;分析关键词在的句子极其前后的句子;逐次对应,找到答案
②逐次对应的方式拆词将选项中的动词名词和形容词进行独立分析比词与原文动词名词形容词做比较,意义一致者为对的答案
③注意事项出题次序一般与原文一致;对的答案一般要同意替代。
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