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写作讲义1一篇完整的作文至少由三个不一样写作方向的段落构成,故掌握常见的几种段落展开模式对高效写好一篇作文非常重要归纳起来常见的段落方向有1)现象段;)解释原因段;)论述利弊;)列举不一样观点段;)提议措施段;)重要性23456段谋篇每个段落尽量朝一种方向写,切忌在一种段落里什么都谈一下,让人抓不住重点;又忌在其他段落反复提及已经论述过的话题处理这个问题最有效的措施是拿到作文后认真审题,对要写的三段话参照几种常见段落模式对内容和主攻方向做个规划(即谋篇),其实无非在种段落种选种构成一篇整体最佳有个提63纲,按计划按方向分别写好每一段,这样就不轻易窜题导致思绪混乱展开余下无非就两件事情,扩展段落和扩展句子段落的展开讲究有层次和简洁和衔接其实就是分点说、先说什么后说什
1.么、说什么不说什么的问题首先层次问题,即最佳是先一针见血地说到点上后再解释,而不是倒过来(中文口语方式常常如此)如下例方式就比方式更好,A B更具逻辑性和读者友好性AThere isno doubtthat uAdvertisementsbenefit peoplea lotin manyways.First ofall,advertising providespeople withuseful information.For example,a visitorknows whichhotel is cheap by checking the ads on newspapers.”B“For example,a visitorknows whichhotel ischeap bychecking theads onnewspapers.So advertisementsbenefit peoplea lot.They providepeople withusefulinformation75另一方面是简洁常见的问题是举例时过于啰嗦,把一件简朴的事情分解成好几种环节再用、个句子才把它说完如有人在谈广告的其中一种好处时说56“Whensomeone travelsto anew place,he wants to finda placeto live,but hedoesnt havemuchmoney,so hewantstolook fora cheaphotel.At thistime,he suddenlyfinds anewspaper,其实用上面的一种句子and hereads anadvertisement,saying ahotel ischeap.”For就已经说example,a visitorknows whichhotelischeapbycheckingtheadson newspapers.清晰了下笔时培养简洁的习惯注意两点
一、跟随最重要信息走,别跟随中文字翻译走;
二、举一种例子最多别用超过两个主句的词量(或用满行即可)字数不够2能可多举个例如And advertisementson TVoften introducenew productsto theviewers.最终是衔接在重要段落(如第或段),与否用上了23to beginwith,...In addition...Last but not least.../On theone hand,...On theother hand,.../For onething,.・.For.•等等词?another,.../There arcmainly tworeasons as follows./As aresult..句子的扩展展开句子分两步考虑,
一、首先怎样在关键词的基础上构建出
2.一种基本构造清晰的句子?
二、怎样将这个简洁甚至是简短的句子变得稍长?构建基本句子首先学会把话说全,即有完整的主语和谓语宾语,尽量把1人和你要讨论的话题都放到你的句子里说句子展开的方式常有什么人做什么事;a.什么事对于什么人怎样;做什么事对于什么人来说很怎样在…存在…b.c.it is...;d.什么;there be...The publicare veryconcerned aboutthis issue/This issuehas aroused其实都同样看你擅长much concernin thepublic./There ismuch concernin thiscase.哪种句子啰扩展句子如句子不够长,常常可以通过在句首和句末加句子或介词组来进2行强调、委婉、限制如时间、地点、程度等如句首There isno doubtthat/It goeswithoutsaying that/Its wellknown that/It seemsthat/It islikely that/As acoin hastwo等;句末sides,/Without anydoubt,/It isobvious thatin thisworld/on thisplanet/in the等society/in recentyears/in thiscase/to somedegree/to someextent/Nowadays,语言的多样化此外,语言体现上的多样也是努力的方向首先加强动词的多样化尽量先不要用看看除此外能用make,let,result in,lead to,等用account for,sb benefitfrom...;do goodto;do harmto;provide sbwith sth;help;bring;词否另一方面,积累某些地道常见的常用体现表达重要、必要、困难、以便、也许
1.1It isimportant necessary,difficult,convenient,possible forsb.to dosth.2We cantimagine whatour worldwould becomewithout...3It playsan important role in our life.4People attacha lotimportance to...表达好处
2.1It hasthe followingadvantages.6It providesus withopportunity to...2It doesus a lot ofgood.3It benefitsus quitea lotin thedevelopment ofour.4It isbeneficial tous.5People benefit alot from...表达害处
3.1Its disadvantagesoutweigh itsadvantages.2It doesus muchharm.3It isharmful tous.4Its negativeeffect shouldnot beignored.表达数量
4.1It hasincreased decreasedfrom...to...2The populationin thiscity hasnow increaseddecreased to800,
000.表达见解
5.1People havetake,adopt,assume differentattitudes towardssth.2People havedifferent opinionson thisproblem.3Some peoplebelieve thatwhile othersargue that...4As faras I am concerned,the governmentand themedia shouldwork togethertoeducate peoplethat...表达结论
6.1In short,it canbe saidthat itsadvantages overweighthe disadvantages.2It maybe brieflysummed upasfollows.3From whathas beenmentioned above,we cancome to the conclusion that.・.4From theabove analysiswe cansafely cometo theconclusionthat...套语
7.1Its wellknown tous that...I It*s universallyaccepted that..2This isa topicthat isbeing widelytalked about.3From thegraph table,chart listedabove,it canbe seenthat...4As acoin hastwo sides,its admittedthat...But.......5The oppositeis alsotruth that...6There isprobably sometruth on both sides.连接1First,......Second,....Lastly,butnot least,...2To beginwith,What ismore,...In addition,...3For onething,...For another,....4On theone hand,....On theanother hand,....因果
9.1Three factorsaccount forcontribute tothe popularityof part-time education.2Firstly,the morecompetitive societyresults inmore stressamong people3The increasingfire accidentspartly resultfrom thelack oflaws.4The lackof fundsis alsoresponsible forit.5In somesense,the poormanagement leadstothehappening ofthe accidents.6As aresult,...Therefore,...Consequently,....比较101Compared withA,B...2I preferto readrather thanwatch TV.Compared withcars,bicycles haveseveral advantagesbesides beingaffordable.Firstly,they donot consumenatural resourcesofpetroleum.Secondly,they donot causethe pollutionproblem.Last butnotleast,theycontribute topeople shealth bygiving themdue physicalexercise.三段话的文章展开提纲简介:引出话题(通过现象等)I..主题(大方向)11论点i.1^rrq-r KUAO/论占ii2解套分论点/实例・结论(反复重要性或意义、处理措施,提议、号召、决心等)III.几点提议
(一)准备范文要背,但不要死记实战写作时,应随时能从范文中找出符合实战作文的段落模式、句型和词汇,把写作变成填空
(二)防止写错句要尽量地减少错误,要尽量用自己有把握的句型和词汇句式和用词的变化,尽量以套用自己背熟的句子来到达同步,写作时还应避开自己不会用英文体现的思想
(三)篇幅适中由于写作的时间只有分钟,篇幅规定词左右,因此考生在确定段落的主题句30120之后,确定三段各应当写什么内容,采用什么段落模式,只要围绕段落的中心思想写三至五句,每句尽量到达各单词左右,把意思体现清晰即可10Nowadays,there isusually awide selectionof electivesfor postgraduatesto choosefrom.Some electivesare designedto arousestudents interestin theirmajor filed;others areofferedto helpstudents gainpractical skillsto findjobs inthe future.Postgraduates havequite differentplans for their future,so differentstudents havedifferentideas aboutwhat coursesto choose.Some postgraduatestend tolearn acertaincourses inorder toobtain somenecessary skillsfor theirjob huntingafter graduation,because theyassume that some moreknowledge couldensure morechances offinding agoodjob.Others mayselect acourse justfor fun.They tendto holdthe ideathat lifecould bemorecolorful ifthey couldwiden theirknowledge throughelective courses.In myopinion,electives playimportantrolein ourcollege study,especially forpostgraduates.As faras I am concerned,Im inclinedto chooseelectives basedonboththevalue ofthe coursesand theinterest of my own.例文Nowadays,there isa commonphenomenon thatadvertisements havebecome apart ofthisworld.We caneasily findads everywhereinourdaily life.They areonnewspapers,onTV,along theroads andeven inthe sky.As amatter offact,it hasaroused muchconcern ofthepublic.As acoin hastwo sides,advertising bringsus bothadvantages anddisadvantages.Onthe onehand,people surelybenefitalotfromadvertisements.Advertisements providemuchuseful informationfor people.They knowwhat tobuy andwhere toreserve theirhotels.Onthe otherhand,it seemsthatsome advertisements misleadthem bygiving wronginformation.They arecheated tobuy whatthey dontneed.In myopinion,the advantagesof adsoutweigh thedisadvantages asa whole.Buteffective measuresneed tobe takento preventthe negativeeffect ofads.Only bythis waycanads servepeople better.写作讲义2实用性文体的写作从主线上讲,不管何种文体的文章都应遵照第讲所提及的规定,只不过因实1用性文体一般有详细的任务,在内容上有详细的规定,故其句子的概括性和层次性的特点不很明显,而语言的得体性的特点却较突出但平淡的文章和好文章的差异还是靠怎样在实用性文体中体现出)各段落的1目的性明显突出而非模糊;)主体段落(一般为第段)怎样尽量体现出衔接和层22次;)语言怎样体现出简洁和得体3例文Dear Mr.Wang,Iamwriting thisletter tothank youfor offeringme thisexcellent job as aneditor inDesignsFashions.But Iam afraidI haveto leavethe magazinein thismonth.Even though I likethe workingenvironment inthe companyand thepay isgood,I stilldecideto quitemy jobforthereasons asfollows.First ofall,I findthe jobtoo demandingforme.I oftencan notfinish mywork ontime eventhoughIwork veryhard.Whats more,ourcompany becomestoo farfrom myhome sinceI hada baby3in April.I havecome backhomeas soonas possibleafter work.Finally,a schoolnear myhome offersmeajobasalibrarian.I thinkI cantake careofmybaby andhandle mywork atthe sametime atthis job.Again,Iamvery gratefulto youfor everythingyou dofor me.And Ifeel sorryfor alltheinconvenience thatit maybring toyou.Sincerely YoursLiMing。
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