2025年深入解析直接与间接引语转换技巧与要点总结

直接引语和间接引语引述或转述他人的话称为“引语〃直接引用他人的原话，两边用引号〃〃标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述他人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）那么直接引语为陈说句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的构造，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，怎样变化呢？、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如1He said,“I amvery sorry.--------He said that he was verysorry.）直接引语中的第二人称，假如原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如2“You should be more careful nexttime/my fathertold me.--------My fathertold me that Ishouldbemorecarefulthe nexttime.）直接引语中的第二人称，假如原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称如3She said to herson,Til checkyour homeworktonight/----------She said to herson that she wouldcheck hishomework thatnight.）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如4He asked me,“Will yougo to the stationwith me to meeta friendof minethis afternoon”----------He asked me whether I would go to the stationwith himto meeta friendof histhat afternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，详细状况，详细看待，要符合逻辑、时态的转换2直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词假如是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作对应的变化，变成过去时范围的多种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态规定），变化如下“I amvery gladto visityour school”,she said.--------She saidshe wasvery gladto visitour school.Tom said,“We arelistening to the pop music.”--------Tom said that theywere listeningto thepopmusic.Mother asked,“Have youfinished yourhomework beforeyou watchTV---------Mother askedme whether I hadfinished myhomework beforeI watchedTV.He askedthe conductor,zzWhere shallI getoff tochange toa No.3bus”---------He askedthe conductorwhere he would getoff tochange toa No.3bus.“Why didshe refuseto go there the teacher asked.---------The teacherasked whyshe hadrefused to go there.Mother askedme,“Had youfinished yourhomework beforeyou watchedTV”----------Mother askedme whether I hadfinished myhomework beforeI watchedTV.Tom said,zzWe were having a football matchthis timeyesterday/---------Tom saidthat theywerehavingafootballmatch thattime the day before.He said,“I haventheard frommy parentsthese days.”----------He saidthat hehadnt heardfrom hisparents thosedays.、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态不必变化的状况3）当主句的谓语动词是一般目前时的时候，如1He alwayssays,“I amtired out.-------He alwayssays that he istired out.）当主句的谓语动词是未来时的时候，如2He willsay,ZTII trymy best to help you.〃—He willsay that hew川try hisbestto help me.）当直接引语部分带有详细的过去时间状语时，如3He said,went to college in

1994.---------He told us that he wenttocollegein

1994.）当直接引语中有以引导的从句，表达过去的时间时，如4when,whileHe said,“When I was a child,I usuallyplayed footballafter school//----------He saidthat whenhe was achild,he usuallyplayed footballafter school.）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如5Our teacher said to us,“Light travels faster than sound.”--------Our teachertoldus that lighttravelsfaster thansound.）当引语是谚语、格言时，如6He said,Practice makes perfect/---------He saidthat practicemakesperfect.）当直接引语中有情态动词时，7should,would,could,had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used to,need如The doctorsaid,Youd better drink plenty of water/---------The doctorsaid Idbetterdrinkplentyofwater.He said,“She must be a teacher/------He saidthat shemustbea teacher.He said/She ought to have arrived her office bynow.”--------He saidthat sheoughttohavearrivedherofficeby then.The teachersaid,zzYou neednthand in your compositionstoday.”--------The teachersaid weneednt/didnt needto/didnt haveto handin ourcompositions.She asked,/zMust Itake themedicine”------She askedif shehad totake themedicine.（注）此处用替代更好had tomustTeacher:You mayhave theball gamethis afternoon.Student:What didthe teachersay,MonitorMonitor:He saidwe mighthave theball gamethis afternoon.、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化4直接弓语间接引语1指示代词this/these that/thosenow thentodaythat daytonightthat nightthisweek month...that week month...yesterday theday before时间状语last weekmonth...the weekmonth...beforetwo weeksmonthago twoweeks monthsbeforetomorrowthe next daynext weekmonth...the nextweekmonth...地点状语here therecomego动词bring takeHe said,zzl metMr.Smith thismorning.〃他说“我今天上午见到史密斯了玲他说他那天上午见到史密斯了He saidthat hehad metMr.Smith thatmorning.He said,Z/We wenttothe cinema yesterday//他说〃我们昨天去电影院了”他说前一天他们去电影院了-He said they had gone tothecinematheday before.莉莉说我下个月回来”Lily said,“I willcome backnext month/莉莉说她下一种月就回去-Lily saidthat she would goback the next month.他说:“目前九点了”He said,It isnine oclocknow.”玲.他说那时九点了He saidthat it was nineoclock then他说:“今天我没见到她”He said,havent seenher today.”•他说那天他没有见到她-He saidthat hehadnt seenher thatdayShe said,zzl wentthere yesterday.”她说:“昨天我去了那儿”她说前一天她去了那儿-She saidthat shehadgonethere thedaybefore.她说:“明天我将去那儿”She said,111gothere tomorrow.”.她说第二天她将去那儿fShe saidthat shewould gothere thenext dayHe said,zzMy sisterwas herethree daysago.”他说:“三天前我妹妹在这儿”玲.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿玲玲He saidthat hissister had been therethree daysbefore here there;ago before.〃她说:“今晚我未来这儿”She said,I willcome herethis evening玲She saidthatshewouldgothere thatevening.她说刃口晚她才寻去儿comefgo；here玲there；thisfthat以上这些变化，要根听说话的详细时间和详细地点的状况而定，不可机械照搬假如就在当地转述，就不必改为herethere,come也不必改为假如就在当口转述，或等时间状语也不必变化直接引语中的一般过去时如与一种go,yesterday tomorrow详细的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变”父亲说“我今天下午有空”Father said/l amfree this afternoon玲父亲说他今天下午有空Father saidthat he was freethis afternoon.他说“我明天去那里”He said,“I amRoing theretomorrow.他说他明天去那里-He saidthat hewas Hoingtheretomorrow.巧记:去掉引号加人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定that,、直接引语变成间接引语，句子构造的变化5）陈说句用连词引导，在口语中常省略主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的也可用来替代,1that thatsaid,told注意，可以说不可直接说如saidthat,said tosb.that,told sb.that,told that,He said,“I have been tothe Great Wall.--------------------------------------------------------He said to usthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.He said,Til giveyou an examination nextMonday/---------（不可说）He toldusthathewouldgive usanexaminationthenextMonday.told that此外主句中的谓语还常有廿等，又如repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,thinkHe said,Tm latebecause ofthe heavytraffic/------------He explainedtousthathewas latebecause ofthe heavytraffic.假如间接引语是由引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一种连词可以省略，后来的连词一般不省略，以免混乱thatThe doctorsaid,“You arenot seriouslyill,You willbe better soon.”--------（）The doctorsaidthat I wasnot seriouslyill and that I would bebettersoon.）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称与否疑问句，）间接引语用连词或引导，原主句中谓语动词要2whether ifsaid改为（等）,语序是陈说句的语序，以一点非常重要askedme/him/usHe said,“Do youhave anydifficulty withpronunciation--------（）He askedme whether/if Ihad anydifficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You areinterested in English,arent you”------He askedwhether I was interestedinEnglish.）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用体现，而不用也不用…如3whether...or…either…or.He asked,zzDo youspeak English or French”-------He askedme whetherI spokeEnglishorFrench..I asked,“Will youtake busor taketrain-------I askedhim whetherhewouldtake busor taketrain.）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，本来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用（）来4ask sb.体现，语序改为陈说句语序如He asked,Whats yourname---------He asked（me）what myname was.He asked us,“How many car factorieshavebeen built inyour country,z--------He askedus howmanycarfactories hadbeenbuiltin ourcountry.）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带的不定式体现，谓语动词常是5to ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等如（由肯定祈使句变成）（由否认祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、ask sb.to do,ask sb.not to do地点状语、人称及时态都作对应的变化如He said,“Be seated,please.--------He askedus tobe seated.“Do be careful withyour handwriting/He said.--------He told me tobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.zzNever comehere again!”saidtheofficer nearby.--------The officerordered thevillagers nevertogothere again.Dont touchanything in the labwithout permission/theteachersaid.---------The teacherwarned thestudents not to touchanything inthe labwithout permission.6）有些具有〃提议〃--、“劝说〃--的祈使旬，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如He said,Lets havea rest.------He suggestedour havinga rest.He said,Let mehelpyou.------He offeredtohelp me.）当直接引语形式是疑问句，有表达祈求，提议意义时，7E nTffiask sb.todo sth./suggest doing/advise sb.to dosth.等形式转述如“Would youmind openingthe door”he asked.-------He askedmetoopen thedoor.“Why notgoing out for a walk he askedus.-------或He advisedus togo outfor awalk.He suggestedwe gooutfor awalk.）直接引语是感慨句时，变间接引语可用或引导，也可用引导，如8what howthatShe said,“What alovely dayit is!〃----She saidwhat alovely dayitwas.或She saidthat itwas alovely day.即学即练

1.He askedfor thecomputer.A.did Ipay how much B.I paidhow much,how muchdid Ipay D.howmuchI paid2・“Have youseen the film”heaskedme.-He askedme.A.had Iseen the film B.have Iseen thefilmC.if I have seenthefilmD.whetherIhad seenthefilm3・“Please closethe window/he said to me.-He methe window.A.said to;to closeB.told to;closing C.asked;to closeD.saidto;please close4・I am a teacher/Jack said.玲He said.A.that I ama teacher B.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacher D.hewasateacher

5.He said,Mother,the boyis very naughty//fHe-verynaughty.A.said his mother that the boy was B.saidtohis mother that the boy isC.told hismotherthattheboywas D.spoke tohismotherthattheboywas

6.Youve already got well,havent you”she asked.玲She asked.A.if Ihave already got well,hadnt youB.whetherIhad alreadygot wellC.have Ialreadygotwell D.had Ialreadygotwell.

7.He askedJ Areyou a Party member or a League member-He askedme.A.am Ia Party member or a League member B.was IaParty memberoraLeague memberC.if IwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whether wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.玲

8.He asked,“How areyou gettingalong”He asked.A.how amI gettingalong B.how areyou gettingalongC.how Iwas gettingalong D.how wasI gettingalong

9.He askedme with me.A.what the matter isB.what themater wasC.whats the matter D.what wasthe matter

10.Hesaid,Dont dothat again.n Hemethatagain.A.saidtome;not todo B.saidtome;dont doC.told me;dont doD.toldme;not todo我告诉他我丢了钱并会找到这笔钱

11..她问我第二天有无空

12.我问她第二天去哪里去干什么

13.他父亲告诉他不要穿着新外套去爬树

14.这个陌生人问我的名字是什么

15.他说:“我把书落在你房间了

16.她说:“他会很忙的

17.她对汤姆说:“你能帮我吗”

18.

19.Where doesyour chemistryteacher live,Karen theyoung man asked.

20.Ihavegained thefirst placeinthemathematics competition,the littleboy saidhappily.

21.Light travelsfasterthansound,the physicsteachersaidtotheboys andgirls.

22.Will yougo tothe concertwith methis evening1Mary askedme.

23.What didyou dohere yesterday1the oldmanaskedmy brother.

24.She askedwhat wasthematterwithme.

25.He askedme ifIwassure aboutthat.宾语从句要用陈说句语序

1.Do一般疑问句要变成或引导的宾语从句.

2.Do whetherif直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用（祈求）,（告诉）,3,Co asktell order（命令）,（邀请）,（警告）,（提议）等,而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式即invite warnadvise（）ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb.not todosth.直接引语为陈说句,变间接引语时用引导（口语中常省略）

4.Do that从语境中推知用从句一”句型

5.Co“tell sbthat反意疑问句要变成或引导的宾语从句

6.Bo whetherif选择疑问句要变成或引导的宾语从句

7.Co whetherif直接引语为特殊疑问句,变间接引语时,用特殊疑问词引导，并将疑问句语序变为陈说句语序8,Co注意时态的一致作主语，（）作表语

9.Do Whatthematter=wrong直接引语为祈使句,变间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用.

10.Do

11.1told himthatIhad lostmy moneyandthatIwouldfind it.

12.She askedwhetherIwould befree thenext dayor not.

13.1asked herwhere she was goingand whatshewasgoing todo thenextday.

14.His fathertold himnottoclimb thattree inhis newcoat.

15.The strangeraskedmewhat myname was.

16.Hesaid,Ive leftmy bookinyourroom.

17.She said,He willbe verybusy.

18.She saidto Tom,Can youhelpme.“卡伦，你的化学老师住在哪里“年轻人问道

19.小男孩快乐地说:“我在数学竞赛中得了第一名“20物理老师对学生说:“光比声音的传播速度要快”

21.玛丽问我:“你今晚和我一起去音乐会吗”

22.老人问我哥哥:“昨天你在这儿干什么？“

23..她问我与否有什么问题

24.他问我是不是对那件事很确定25。