初中英语从句知识点总结归纳

宾语从句一.定义宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子如He said that he wanted to be ateacher whenhe grewup.宾语从句有三种类型二.由从属连词引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词常可被省略例如

1.that that（）I hopethat theywill havefun.Mary saidthat shefelt sleepy.（）Can tyou seethat Vm abird注意

（1）当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式,而将等动词变为否定形式如•think Idon tthink he will come我认为他不会来

（2）两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词一般不可以省略如that（）He toldme that they couldnot decidewhat todo andthat theyasked myadvice..由从属连词或引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有,能,已经……）”2if whether等一般疑问句的含义例如（）I wonderwhether ifhe liveshere.,由连接代词和连接副词等3who,whom,whose,what,which when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序例如To maskedwho couldgive themessage toher mother.Do you know what he saidjust nowI wonderedhow oldhis brotherwas.三.宾语从句的时态呼应“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态

1.主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观

2.事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态.情态动词一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中3must四.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）1如Iwant toknow ifhe cancome tomorrow当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词2如Sheasked mewho hadhelped him状语从句英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语状语的功用状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方

（二）引导词

1.The newsthat Mr.Li willbe ournew Englishteacher istrue.

2.He hasntmade thedecision whetherhe willgo there.

3.The questionwho shoulddo thework isbeing discussedatthe meeting.

4.1have noidea whatthe boyis doingin thenext roomnow.

5.We haventyet settledthe questionwhere weare going to spendour summervacationthis year.

6.1have noidea howI canget tothe railwaystation.

7.1have noidea whenhewillbe back.小结

①引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，that如句1;引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用来代替，如句whether if2;13连接代词who,what等可以引导同位语从句，如句3,4；4连接副词where,how,when等可以引导同位语从句，如句5,6,7

（三）引导的同位语从句和定语从句that

①意义不同同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词试比较

1.The newsthat ourteam haswon thefinal matchis encouraging.

2.The newsthat youtold usis reallyencouraging.

②that的功能不同that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句时，不仅起连接作用，而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分试比较

1.Dad madea promisethat he would buyme aCD playerif Ipassed theEnglish test.

2.Dad madea promisethat excitedall hischildren.

1.whenI willbecome ateacher whenI growup当…时

2.whileHe visiteda lotof placeswhile he was traveling.

3.as在…的同时；一边-------------,边…He smiledas hestood up.在…之后

4.afterHe leftthe classroomafter hehad finishedhis homeworkthe otherday.在…之前

5.beforeMr.Brown hadworked ina bankfor ayear beforehe camehere.就…（一般情况下主将从现）

6.as soon as----------We began to workassoonas wegot there.I willwrite toyou assoonasI gethome.自…以来到现在

7.since表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前（说话时间）为止的一段持续时间主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时（还可以用作Mr Greenhas taughtin thatschool sincehe came to Chinathree yearsago.介词，本句从句还可以用短语since threeyearsago（自三年前以来）表示）8till直到/until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语They walkedtill/until itwas dark.Xiao Mingdidnt leavehome till/until his father came back.到…为止（所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时）

1、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以2（）It wasraining hardwhen asIgotthere.我到那里时，正在下大雨（动作同时发生，when可换为as,但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.）When Ihad readthe article,he calledme.我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用）whenWhen Igot tothe cinema,the filmhad begun.（当）我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了（从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态）He wasabout toleave,when thetelephone rang.他正要离开，忽然电话响了（此时不能放在句首主句动词一般表达“正在”“即将”.不能代替while,asShe thoughtI wastalking abouther daughter,while,in fact,I wastalking aboutmydaughter.他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿（表转折，对比，都when,as不能代替它）While thealien wasbuying asouvenir,the girlcalled thepolice.外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话（表示主句，从句的动作同时发生,while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间）（）Mother wasworried becauselittle Alicewas ill,especially aswhen/while fatherwasaway.妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候（此时as,when,while可通用）由或引导的时间状语从句

2.till until和一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用并且要注意的till untiluntil是如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同例如I worked.我工作到他回来为止until he cameback他回来我这才开始工作I didntwork untilhecameback.由引导的时间状语从句

3.since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词一般情况since下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，表述为:现在完成时一般过去时但在+时间+从句的句型中，主句多用一般现+since+It issince在时例如我们老板离开北京有五个月了It isfive monthssince ourboss wasin Beijing.知识扩展从以来多长时间了

1.It is...since・・・・It isfive yearssince wemet lasttime.

2.It is...+beforeee*（ooo才）It wasa longtime beforeI wentto sleepagain.（）It wasan hourbefore=until thepolice arrived.・▲•原因状语从句在一个句子中作时间状语的句子连接词由连词引导，也可由等词引导because,since,as for,now that

1.1didnt go to schoolyesterday because I wasill.既然

2.Since everybodyis here,lets begin our meeting.既然

3.As youare inpoor health,you shouldnot stayuplate.

4.1asked herto stayto tea,for Ihad somethingtotellher.,用法辨析:辨析because,since,as,for）语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答提出的问题当原因1because why是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用或as sinceI didn t go,becauseIwas afraid.Since/As the weather is so bad,we haveto delayour journey.）由引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用来代替但2because for如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用forHe is absent today,because/for heis ill.He mustbe ill,for heisabsenttoday.条件状语从句连接词如果,（）如果不、除非（让步）if unless=if not

1.If itdoesnt raintomorrow,wc willgo hiking.

2.I willgo tothe partyunless hegoes theretoo.

3.You willbe lateunless youleave immediately.=If youdon tleave immediately,youwillbe late.条件状语从句主将从现.He willnot leaveifit isnt finetomorrow.

四、目的、结果状语从句目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子目的状语从句连接词引导so that,so*••that,in order that结果状语从句连接词引导so*••that,sucha•-that,so much/many…that如此…以至于

1.so-••thatHe alwaysstudied sohard thathe madegreat progress.以至于，以便于

2.so that目的Fil runslowly so that you can catchup withme.目的I openedthe windowsothatfresh airmight comein.如此…以至

3.suche•-thatIts such nice weatherthat allof uswant to go tothe park.为了

4.in orderthat=so thatWeshall letyouknowthe detailssoon inorderthatyoucan/may makeyour arrangements.比较和

5.so such其规律由与的不同词性决定是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so suchsuch so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词还可与表示数量的形容词so many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配so nicea flowersuch anice flowerso many/few flowerssuchniceflowersso manypeople such a lotof people已成固定搭配，虽相当于但为名词性的，只能用somanya lotof many,a lotof such搭配难点形容词或副词形单数可数名词S0+S0++aan+复数可数名词so+many/few+不可数名词so+much/little+与皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句so…that such---thatThe boyissoyoung thathe can tgo toschool.He issuch ayoung boythathecantgotoschool以上两种句型都表示结果so+adj/adv.+that,such+n.+thats为副词，后接形容词」副词原型，可数名词前有many,few；不可数名词前有much,修饰时，应采用句型little somany few,much,little+n.为形容词，后只能接名词这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的如such果这名词是可数的，则必须在名词前加不定冠词常见的形式是:aan.such abcautifulgardcn,suchniccpcoplc.

五、让步状语从句让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子连接词though,although.,whether•••or not难点当“虽然”讲，者不能和连用.though,although Bbut Although/though••-but的格式是不对的,但是他们都可以同连用.所以yet stillthought although•••yet（）的格式是正确的.stillWrong:Although heis richbut heis nothappy.Right:Although heis rich,yet heis nothappy.虽然他很富有，然而他并不快乐.Right:Although wehave grownup,our parentstreat us as childrenRight:Although wehave grownup,our parentsstill treatusaschildren.尽管我们已经长大了，可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.辨析although,though不能作并列连词，不能作副词，放在词尾表示强调时要用although althougheventhough.、尽管典型例题1Even thoughIdidnt undera word,I keptsmiling.）1sheisyoung,she knowsquite alot.A.When B.However C.Although D.Unless）即使2ever if,even though.Well makea tripeven thoughtheweatheris bad.3）whether***or not不管..者BWhether youbelieve itor not,itistrue.从句no matter结构+特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序”或“特殊疑问词+后缀陈述语n matterever+序”No matterwhat happened,he wouldnot mind.Whatever happened,hewouldnot mind.替换no matterwhat=whatever no matter who=whoeverno matterwhen=whenever no matter where=whereverno matterwhich=whichever nomatter how=however注意不能引导主语从句和宾语从句nomatter（错）No matterwhat yousay is not usefulnow.（对）你现在说什么也没用了Whatever yousay isnot usefulnow.（是主语从句）Whatever yousay（错）Prisoners haveto eatnomatterwhat theyre given,（对）囚犯们只能给什么吃什么Prisoners haveto eatwhatever theyre given.定语从句定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后如Ihave metthe doctorwho isintheNo.l hospital.定语从句的连接词,连接代词1who whichwhom whosethat.连接副词:2when wherewhy选用连接词的关键是看先行词（定语从句所修饰的名词或代词）

一、连接代词的选用指人，先行词为人，在从句中做主语l.whoYesterday Ihelped anold manwho losthis way.指人，先行词为人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略

2.whomMr.Liu isthe personwhom you talked abouton thebus.注意关系代词在口语和非正式语体中常用代替，可省略whom who指物，先行词为物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

3.whichThis isthe penwhich hebought yesterday.

4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which□在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略The numberof thepeople that/who cometo visitthe cityeach yearrises onemillion.Where isthe manthat/whom Isaw thismorning通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，译成”…的”

5.whoseHe hasa friendwhose fatherisadoctor.指物时，常用以下结构来代替Do youlike the book whosecover isyellow=Do youlike thebook thecolor ofwhich isyellow介词+连接代词引导的定语从句连接代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+连接代词引导The schoolthat/which he once studiedin is very famous.The schoolin whichheoncestudied isvery famous.注意含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如1,look for,look after,take careof等This isthe watchwhich/that I am lookingfor.TThis isthe watchfor whichIamlooking.F

2.若介词放在连接代词前，连接代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；连接代词是所有格时用whoseThe manwith whomyoutalkedis myfriend.The planein which we flewto Canadaisverycomfortable.T“介词+连接代词”前可有等代

3.some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few词或者数词He lovedhis parentsdeeply,both ofwhom arevery kindtohim.In thebasket there are quitemany apples,some ofwhich havegone bad.There areforty studentsin ourclass inall,most ofwhom arefrom bigcities

二、连接副词的选用指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

1.whenI stillremember the day whenI firstcame tothe school.指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

2.whereShanghai isthe citywhere Iwas born.指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

3.whyPlease tellme thereasonwhyyou missedthe plane.注意关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换The reasonwhy/for whichhe refusedthe invitationisnotclear,From theyear when/in whichhe wasgoingtoschool hebegantoknow whathe wantedwhenhe grewup.Great changeshave takenplace inthe cityin which./where Iwas born.

三、判断关系代词和关系副词的方法准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分主、谓、宾、定、状）彳列

1.Is thisthe museumyou visiteda fewdays agoA.where B.that C.on whichD.the one例

2.Is thisthe museumthe exhibitionwas heldA.where B.that C.on whichD.the one关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语,why原因状语）

四、介词+连接词用法说明1）介词后面的关系词不能省略）前不能有介词2that）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副3词和互换when,where why如This isthe housein whichIlivedtwo yearsago.This isthe housewhere Ilived twoyearsago.Do you remember theday onwhich youjoined ourclub Doyouremember thedaywhenyou joinedour clubThis isthereasonwhyhecamelate.This isthereasonfor whichhecame late.五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例china isa countrywhich hasa longhistory.非限制性定语从句举例his mother,who loveshim verymuch,is strictwith him.要注意区分记几个句子的不同his brotherwho isnow adoctor always encourages him togoto college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学（他还有其他的哥哥）his brother,whoisnow adoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学（他只有一个哥哥）关系代词和引导的定语从句as which和引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处具体情况是as which和都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子

1.as which（）1he marriedher,as/which wasnatural.（）2hewashonest,as/whichwecan see.引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个

2.as主句；引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后which另外,有“正如……,正像……”的意思asas isknowntoall,china isa developingcountry.heisfrom thesouth,aswecan seefrom hisaccent.john,as youknow,isafamous writer.he hasbeen toparis morethan severaltimes,which idont believe.注意当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用whichtom wasalways latefor school,which madehis teacherangry.当先行次受修饰时，常用

3.such,the sameasi havenever heardsuch astory ashe tells.heisnot sucha foolashelooks.this isthe samebook asi lostlast week.注意当先行次由修饰时，偶尔也用引导定语从句，但是和由所引the samethat as导的定语从句意思不同she worethe samedress thatshe woreat maryswedding.她穿着她在婚礼上穿过的一条裙子maryshe worethe samedress asher youngsister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子以为先行词的定语从句通常由引导，而且通常可以省略the wayin which,thatthe wayin which/that/./he answeredthe questionwas surprising.有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句but（）therearevery fewbut understandhis idea.but=who dont定语从句只能用的几种情况that当先彳亍词是（除夕卜），

1.anything,everything,nothing somethingfew,all,none,little,等代词时，或者是由等修饰时some every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much Haveyoutaken downeverything thatMr.Li hassaidAll thatcan bedone hasbeen done.There islittle that Icando foryou.注意当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoAny manthat/who hasa senseof dutywont dosuchathing.当先行词被序数词修饰

2.The firstplace thatthey visitedin Londonwas theBig Ben.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

3.This isthe bestfilm thatI haveseen.当形容词被修饰时

4.the very,the only当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用Thisisthe verygood dictionarythatIwant tobuy,whoWang Huaistheonly personinourschool whowill attendthemeeting当先行词前面有等疑问代词时

5.who,whichWho isthe manthat isstanding there当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

6.Can yourememberthescientist andhis theorythatwehave learned同位语从句

（一）一般来说，在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice,decision,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,promise,proposal,（消息、），等reply,report,suggestion,word problem,question,doubt,thoughtThey weredelighted atthenewsthat theirteam hadwon.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开如The thoughtcametohim thatTom mighthave returnedthebook.。