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高一英语必修一unitl—5
一、重点词汇及短语upset,ignore,calm,concern,wonder,outdoors,purpose,settle,suffer,recover,pack,disagree,dare,grateful,add up,calm...down,have got to,be concerned about,go through,set down,a series of,in orderto.at dusk,face toface,no longer/not...any longer,sufferfrom,get/be tiredof,pack...up,get along with,fall inlove,join in,get sthdone,walk thedog,should have done,make...sth/adj.hide away,grow/be crazyabout,do with,happen tofdo sth,take nonotice of,have troublewith心烦意乱的，不安的（常接等介词）
1.upset adj.about/at/over eg.He wasupset overhiswife9s illness.使不安；使心烦（）vt.upset,upset不理会；忽视（故意装作不理会）（近义词看轻，忽视，不顾
2.ignore vt.disregard”指通过考虑后认为不重要）没意识到的，不懂得的ignorant adj.不懂得，没意识到be ignorant（使）安静/镇静
3.calm vt.vi.（）（使）安静下来/镇静下来calm...downeg.Go somewherequiet andcalm yourfriend down.安静的;一静的;从容而（近义词）adj.quiet,silent,stillcalm安静的，从容的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动quiet宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦急silent沉寂的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音still静止的，不动的；指（人体等）无运动的（使）担忧；波及;关系到
4.concern vt.关怀；牵挂be concernedabouteg.Tell yourfriend that you areconcernedabouthim/her.短语:有关;有关,至于;关，at concernsas/so faras...be concernedbe concernedover/at怀；be concernedwith有关，牵涉至U；be concernedin和...有牵连；be concerned关怀,为…担忧for紧张，关注，牵挂n.怀疑，想懂得，惊奇，对…感到惊讶
5.wonder vt.vi.惊奇奇迹、奇观n.[U],[C]后可接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句时指“想懂得，对.有怀疑if/whether,wonder・・，接引导的宾语从句时指“对…感到奇怪”that wondereg.I wonderif/whether he is auniversity boy.I wonderwho heis.We wonderthat thelittle boyis auniversity boy.短语想懂得，纳闷；觉得奇怪wonder aboutwonder at在户外，在野外
6.outdoors adv.户外n.户外的，野外的outdoor adj.目的，计划，意图，目的
7.purpose n.
1.Native Englishspeakers canunderstand eachother even if theydont speakthe samekindof English.是引导让步状从evenif/even thoughconj.
2.English becameless likeGerman becausethose whoruled Englishspoke firstDanish andlaterFrench.定语从句those who+As weknow,British English is a little differentfrom AmericanEnglish.引导的非限定性定语从句as
3.It is not easyfor aChinese personto speakEnglish as...（）.与（）It is+adj.for sb to do sth It is+adj.of sbto do sth.作形式主语，作真正的主语It to do sth.当形容词表达人的性格，品质等用其他状况用for,of
4.One reasonis that English has a large...表语从句One reasonis that+
5.This isbecause in the early days ofradio thosewho reportedthe news...表语从行This isbecause+in theearlydays初期（day的此外一种意思为“时期”）
6.However,on TVand theradio youwill heardifferences in the waypeople speak.（省略）+定语从句the way+in which/that/此处的是关系副词，定语从句中当表达方式，时间或地点时，则可作that thatthat为关系副词使用当先行词为时，关系副词用或者并且可以the wayin which that,省略
7.Then alongcomes thiscatfish boutthe sizeof ahouse.•全彳到装Then alongcomes・・fullinversion当地点介词短语提到句首时；当地点副词提到句首时，当方位副词提到句首时；当动词的过去分词作表语或者及其短语，作为形容词提到句首时
三、语法直接引语和间接引语（祈求和命令）祈使句（或疑问形式的祈使句）一般改为宾语+不定式的简朴句ask/tell/order+eg.Open thedoor.father said.—Father toldme toopen thedoor.“Would youplease passme the book hesaid.---He askedme to pass himthe book.
四、交际运用How to solve thedifficulties inlanguage communication；
1.祈求反复法I begyour pardon
2.提出问题法What doyou meanby...？
12.give in赠送；赠送；颁发;分发；泄露,出卖give away偿还；送回give back分发；耗尽，用完give out放弃give up发出；放出；散发出；放射出give off二.【重点句型】作出选择Choose aplace youwant tovisit.P
17.
2.bury vt.Noel turnedaway,burying hisface in the pillow.Your lettergot buriedunder apile ofpapers.He walkedslowly,his handsburied inhis pockets.搭配.埋头于；专心于bury oneselfin.../be buried in..After thedivorce,she buriedherself inher work.He wasburiedinhis studies.•爆炸；裂开；忽然发生
3.burst5搭配名词“忽然闯入；忽然开始”burst into+动名词“忽然发生；忽然爆发”burst out+忽然出现或发生忽然插嘴；打断burst forthburst in忽然哭/笑/唱起来burst intotears/laughter/song忽然哭/笑/唱起来burst outcrying/laughing/singinge.g.The aircraftcrashed andburst intoflames.A cryof horrorburst forthfrom thecrowd.“I dontsee whywe shoulddo that,“Peter burstin.★链接忽然发生，爆发闯入；忽然开始break outbreak into消灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟名词时常用复数
4.ruin V.CH.e.g.l.The hurricaneruined all the houseshere.
2.He ruinedhis prospectsby carelessness.
3.The buildingis inruins.
4.The churchhas falleninto ruin.★搭配严重受损，破败不堪变成废墟消灭，落be/lie inruins fall into ruincome to ruin空自我消灭ruin oneself使消灭bring sb.toruin伤害，使受伤，损害力••受伤的，
5.injure W.injured有害的=伤害，损害harmful injuryn.★辨析injure,hurt,wound常指在意外事故中受伤linjure没有正式，可指身体上的疼痛或精神上的痛苦，也可指感情上的伤害的伤害2hurt injurehurt可与同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛injure重要指用刀枪等武器打伤、切伤等，多指在战争中或战斗中受伤，有时也用于精神上的3wound伤害，但远不及前两者常见辨析
6.destroy/damage/ruin表达“毁坏”一般指彻底地毁掉或消灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于抽象1destroy意义Theyve destroyedall theevidence.表达”员害，损坏:一般指部分性地损坏，暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会减少，2damage有时用于抽象意义Fortunately,the houseis stronglybuilt,and isnot damagedeven by the worstwinterstorms.表达，毁坏，消灭二指彻底地毁坏，破坏的原因一般是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现3ruin多用作抽象意义The stormruined thecrops.也使震惊；震动〃.休克；打击；震惊人感到震惊的；事令人震
7.shock shockedshocking惊的一援救;营救
8.rescue n.vt.e.g.l.The policecame tohis rescueand pulledhim out of theriver.
2.The rescueteam madecountless rescuesduring theearthquake.
9.frighten v.frightened adj.frightening adj.怕的法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
10.judge n.v.e.g.
1.His fatherused to be ajudge.
2.Shes a good judgeof wine.
3.The blindcan91judge colors.
12.right away:at once:right off:straight away:immediately rightnowij
15.give outMylegs gaveout andI couldntwalk anyfarther.The resultsof theexamination wontbe givenout.放弃,屈服,让步,发出,赠送give upgive ingive offgive away替代，而不是
16.instead ofe.g.l.The Chineseuse chopsticksinstead ofknives andforks.
2.Instead of working,Jack wasidling awayhis time.
3.She decidedto leavehere onSunday insteadof Monday.★［短语归纳］是副词，单独彳更用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“替代；相反instead instead是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其背面的动作，意为“替代、而不…of inplace of为介词短语，也是“替代、而不”的意思作谓语，用在名词、代词前take the place of并不是所有的但愿都破灭了
17.All hopewas notlost.［解释］二All the students donot know how todeal with the problem.Not allthe studentsknowhowto并非所有的学生都懂得怎样处理个问题deal with the problem.我并不认识他们所有的人I dontknow allof them.表达全体意义的代词、副词或形容等和否认副词连用时“all,both,every,everybody,always”not表部分否认，而等表完全否认如“none,neither,nobody,nothing”Everyone doesntlike the story.=Not everyonelikes the story.没人喜欢这个故事Nobody likes thestory.并非这两个学生这个故事Both ofthe studentsdont like thestory.Neither ofthe studentslikesthestory.这两学生都不喜欢这个故事二.重点句型
1.It seemedes ifthe worldwas atanend!★句型似乎；仿佛It seemedas if/that…提醒据从句所说状况是也许的还是假设，而采用陈说或虚拟语气It seemsthat theyare arguing about the taxi fare.=They seemto bearguingaboutthetaxifare.It seemedas ifnothing hadhappened.Itseemsas ifit wasspring already.
2.Everywhere theylooked nearlyeverything wasdestroyed.★句型Everywhere…无论哪里.......，都.......everywhere意为“无论哪儿”，在句中弓I导一种状语从句，相称于whereverEverywhere hegoes,his dogwill followhim.Everywhere theyappeared,they wouldmeet withstrong protests.With aspecial trainticket youcan traveleverywhere youlike.3・Tens of thousands ofcows wouldnever givemilk again.Hundreds ofthousands ofpeople werehelped.短语归纳:数百的成百上千的数「的tens ofhundreds ofhundreds ofthousands ofthousands of数百万的许多；大量许多；大量millions ofdozensof scoresof
4.The number of peoDlewho werekilled orinjured reachedmore than400,000若干；许多，大量的.其中前可用等修饰anumberof numberlarge,great,small,good★辨析a number of/the number of大量的+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；a number of的数量+可数名词复数，谓语动词要用单数the numberof……
5.Mice ranout ofthe fieldslooking forplaces tohide.★这句话中的是作的伴随状况，这是动词的目前分词形式的一种使用方looking forplaces tohide ranout ofthe fields法目前分词作状语可以表达时间、原因、成果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等They stoodthere forhalf anhour watchingthe starsin thesky.
6.In thefarmyard,the chickensand eventhe pigswere too nervous to eat.★该句中具有构造，表肯定意义，在此构造中，toonervous/glad/pleased/surprised/happy/anxious...to do sth.too相称于very.看到她生气时，他非常吃惊e.g.He was too surprisedto seehow angryshe was.1too+adj./adv.for sbto do sth意思是“太•・.而不能若句子主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式要用积极表被动；若不定式是不及物动词，则应加上对应的介词eg Itsnever toolate tolearn.The mathproblem isdifficult formetoworkout.的否认形式体现肯定的意思”并非太...而不能…“.2too...to not too...toe.g.The childisnottoo youngto dresshimself这孩子并非小得连衣服都不会穿注意句型与句型的转换3too...to so+adj./adv.+that…e.g.The foreignerspoke toofast fbrme tounderstand.=The foreignerspoke sofast thatI couldntunderstand whathe wassaying.句型
8.Listening toEnglish is a veryimportant skillbecause it is onlywhen weunderstand whatissaidto usthat wecanhave aconversation withsomebody.句型本句使用了强调句型，其基本构造为被强调部分+句子的其他部分itis/was+that/who+e.g.It isEnglish that is widelyused in the worldnowadays.It wasin thestreet thatI metone ofmy oldfriends.拓展强调句型除了有陈说句外，也可有一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式一般疑问句式被强调成分+句子的其他部分；特殊疑问句式特殊疑问词+句子的其他部分；Is/Was+that/who+is/was+it+that/who+强调引导的状语句子其他部分not untilIt is/was+not until...+that+e.g.Was itin1896that themodem Olympic Games startedIsit Lucywhoistobesent towork in the westWhatwas it[hatyougave thegirl justnowWhen was it that the firstOlympicGamesbegan It was notuntil midnightthat hewent backhome afterthe experiment.三.交际运用体现感谢I wouldlike to express my thanks to...who;No wordsare strongenough toexpress our...;Here,I wishtoexpressmythanksforthe greatefforts...;Td alsolike tothank...四.重点语法定语从句关系词从句成分例句备注先行词who人主语，宾The boywhom/who/that yousaw hasleft.The boywho/that iswho,whom,语reading isTom.which,the关whom人宾He is the manfrom whomI borrowedthe book.在句中作其时可以语The manwhom/who/thatshe loveddied inthe war省股系whose人,物定语He isthe boyof whosebrother wearealwaysproud of.This isthe但介词提room whosewindow isbroken.市不能省代that人，物主语，宾Do youstill remembertheplacethat wevisited lastyear.略且，只在who语Tomorrow I will bringthe magazinethat isinteresting.which前加词which物主语，宾Tomorrow Iwill bringthe magazinewhich/that you asked for.1司语Tomorrow Iwill bringthe magazinefor whichyouasked.as人,物主语，宾As isknow toall,$2isadeveloping country.Such girlsas heknows as作宾语-are goodatEnglish.般不省略考点一和的使用方法区别which that只用的状况that先行词是时
1.all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,none,the oneHe toldmeeverything that he knew.All thatglitters isnot gold.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时
2.This isthe mostwonderful moviethat Ihaveever seen.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时
3.The busisthe first thatcame here.先行词指认又指物时
4.The directorand hisfilm thatwe talkedabout arefamous.先行词被等词修饰时
5.the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all This istheonly bookthat hehas.句中已经有或为了防止反复只用的状况
6.who which,Who isthemanthat ismaking aspeech which在非限定性定语从句中只用
1.which The factory,which isnot farfrom here,produces motorbikes.当短语中的介词提前时，只用而不用注在某些固定搭配的动词短语中，动词和介词是不能分割的
2.whichthat.I finishedmy homeworkahead oftime,after whichI readthe newspapers.考点二关系代词引导的定语从句as关系代词即可引导限定性定语从句，也可引导非限定性定语从句，在定语从句中常用于下列句式as as
1.such+名词+as.・•像.......同样，像.....之类These mobilephones aresold alsuch alow priceaspeople expected.
2.the same+名词+as.・・和.......同样的He isnot thesame manas hewas.注引导定语从句,引导状语从句such…as such...thate.g.He issuch aclever boyas everyonelikes.He issuch aclever boythat everyonelikes him.常用在
3.as as it seems,as itoften happens,as itwas pointedout,asitwas saidearlier,as Iremember it,as I等构造中understand it,asitappears Jackhas wonthe firstprize,asitoften happens.考点三关系代词和的使用方法区别as which关系代词引导的定语从句放在主句之前时，只能用引导如1as Aswe hadexpressed,his performancewas wonderful.2当从句和主句语意一致时，用as；反之用whicho如She hasmarried again,asweexpected.正如我们预料的那样，她又结婚了语意一致她又结婚了，这是出乎预料的事语意不一致She hasmarried again,which wasunexpected.当在从句中作主语时，背面常接行为动词的被动语态如等假3as beknown,be said,be reported,be announced如从句的行为动词是积极语态，一般用作主语如She hasbeen lateagain,as wasexpected.Tom hasmade greatprogress,which delightedus.★Workers builtshelters forsurvivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建了住所【要点指南】是定语从句whosehomeshadbeendestroyed关系代词引导定语从句时，在从句中充当定语，指人，也可指物whose whosewhoseHe isa manwhose opinionI respect.Its thehouse whosedoor ispainted red.★拓展九”引导的定语从句中，假如指物时，“whose+whose可换用“the+〃.+of which或of which+the+儿”构造.房顶受损的房子目前已修好了The housewhose roofwas damagedhas nowbeen repaired一,或The housethe roofof whichwas damagedhas nowbeen repairedThe house of whichthe roofwas damagedhas nowbeenrepaired.专题训练l.The growingspeed ofa plantis influencedbyanumberoffactors,are beyondour control.A.most ofthem B.most ofwhich C.most of what D.most ofthat
2.1refuse toaccept theblame forsomething wassomeone elsesfault.A.who B.that C.as D.what
3.Thefactory,workers areall women,is closedduring theschool holidays.A.where B.whose C.that D.which
4.The ownerofthecinema neededtomakea lotof improvementsand employmore peopletokeepit running,meant spendingtensofthousandsof pounds.A.who B.that C.asD.which
5.The priceof houses,is oftenreported,havebeengoing upsharply inthe pastfew months.A.when B.it C.as D.what
6.Was itinthevillage weusedto live inthe accidenthappenedA.where;that B.which;that C.that;where D.where;which
7.Finally themanager adoptedthe bestproposal hadbeen putforward at the meeting.A.which B.that C.what D.as
8.Remember that there isstill onepointwemust makeclear at the conferencetomorrow.A.where B.why C.when D.that
9.That issuch adifficult problemyou mentionedatthemeeting.A.as B.which C.that D.what
10.is oftenthe case,hedidntstudy hardand failedtopassthetest.A.What B.Which C.It D.AsKeys:1-5BBBDC6-10BBDAD短语故意；带有...的目的；为了…的目的on purposewith thepurpose of...fbr thepurpose of...eg.Dont hurtyour best friend onpurpose.安家，定居，停留
8.settle vi..使定居，安排，处理，使沉淀，使安静vt定居，专心于，安定下来迁入settle downsettle in固定的，稳定的settled adj.移民者，殖民者settler n[C].定居点，住宅区；沉降，处理settlement n[C].n[U]遭受，忍受，经历受…之苦，折磨
9.suffer vt.vi.遭受，患病suffer fromeg.Mary issuffering fromthe sadnessof herblindness.近义词经历，遭受undergo v.痊愈，恢复，重新获得/找到（强调自我恢复）
10.recover vt.vi.近义词恢复（强调外力使得恢复）restoreeg.Jennie madea greateffort torecover herself.从…中复原recover from痊愈了的.恢复recovered adj.recovery n[U]捆扎，包装，打行李小包，包裹
11.pack vi.vt.n.一包...（）（把）打包a packof...pack...up一包，一叠包裹packet nfC].parcel n[C].不——样意（反义词）
12.disagree vi.agree（）不一样意某人的观点disagree withsb.不一样意去做某事disagree to do sth.不一样意（反义词）disagreement n.agreement
13.dare“勇于，胆敢”可做情态动词，也可做实义动词（dareto do sth./dare dosth.）eg.How dareyousay thatto me估计…没胆去做某事daresb.todosth.eg.I dareyou tojump fromthis wall.固定搭配我想，大概，也许，或许（常做插入语）I daresayeg.I daresay itwill raintoday.感谢的，表达谢意的
14.grateful adj.对...表达感谢；be grateful to/towards为..表达感谢be grateful for・.为...而对…表达感谢be gratefulto…fbr..eg.Til bevery gratefulto youif yougive mean earlyanswer.Im verygratefulfor all thatyouve doneto us.Im verygratefultoyou fbrhaving helpedme somuch.合计
15.add up添加，增长（近义词）将…相加,补充说add v.increase,在中加入add Ato BB A合起来为add uptoUnit5Nelson Mandela—a modernhero一•【重点词匚】quality,mean,devote,found,legal,mankind,hopeful,vote,attack,violence,equal,escape,educate,beg,reward,sentence,opinion,selfish二【重，点短语】.in prison,out ofwork,as amatter offact,blow up,in trouble,turn to,lose heart,come topower,set up,besentenced to,be generous with sth,offer guidanceto sbon sth.,pay theschool fees,be hopefulabout sth,break thelawhe willingto dosth=be readyto dosth,stop sbfrom doing sth=prevent sbfrom doing,show sbover sth质量质量差
1.quality un.be ofpoor quality质量好/高be ofgood/high quality（人的）品质，（物的）特性cn.He hasallthequalities ofa successfulbusiness.One qualityof woodis thatit canbum.数量;详细数量，做主语,谓语用单数（与一致quantity un.cn.a large/great quantity of+cn.pl/un quantity=large/great做主语,谓语用复数（与一致）大量的...quantities of+cn.pl/un,quantities=plenty of+cn.pl/un
（一一）
2.mean v.mean meantmeant意思是/意指宾从；你…是什么意思？vt.mean sth/mean+What doyoumeanby sth/doingsth意思/含义故意义的没故意义的meaning n.meaningful adj.meaningless adj.意图，打算打算做某事；（）本打算做某事vt.mean/plan/intend to dosthhad meant todosth=meantto have donesth意味着意味着做某事vt.mean doingsth刻薄的卑鄙的，吝啬的/小气的adj.be meanto sb,be meanwith/about sth.措施/方式/手段/工具（单复同形）以..•的方式；交通cn.pl.means by+adj+means meansof transport/transportation工具借助/靠…想一切措施一点by meansofsthby allmeals byno means=not atall也不积极的/活跃的
3.active adj（）在（做）某事上是积极的be activein doingsth积极参与某事take anactive part in sth.活动积极地activity cn.actively adv.自我
4.self cn.pl.selves（贬义）自私的自私自利（褒义）无私的，忘我selfish adj.selfishness un.selfless adj的无私地/忘我地无私selflessly advselflessness un
5.devote献身于/倾注于/用于...devote oneself/sth to（doing）sth把..・献身于/倾注于/用于（做）…挚爱的，忠实的专心致志于某事，忠于/爱慕某人devoted adjbe devotedto sb/sth专心致志地，全心全意地，忠诚地devotedly adv.献身，奉献，爱慕devotion un.（）仓立（组织、企业、学校等），仓立（都市）二
6.found vt.found-founded-founded IIU establish/set叩仓立，创立仓立人founding n.founder cn.U人类二
7.mankind un.humankind/man人human/human beingcn.法律的，合法的
8.legal adj=lawful不合法的，非法的=illegal adjunlawful合法地不合法地，非法legally advillegally adv投票投票决定做某事
9.vote v/n votetodosth投票赞成…投票反对…$2vote forsth voteagainst sth投票选出某人投票使某人下台vote sbin votesbout投票通过…就…投票vote sththrough voteon sth
10.attack v/n.袭击/袭击attack sb/sth=make anattack on袭击/袭击・・・；抨击attack sbfor（doing）sth因..・抨击某人attackercn.袭击者a heartattack心脏病发作air attack空袭暴力（行为）
11.violence un.暴力的，剧烈的，剧烈的，强烈的violent adj.violent film/argument/headache/earthquake暴力地，剧烈地，剧烈地，强烈地violently adv相等的，平等的能胜任/能应付某事，比得上某物
12.equal adjequal rights/opportunities beequal to sth=be upto sth等于，比得上vt相等地，同样地,平等地equally adv.平等equality un.逃离/逃跑从某地逃跑逃到某地
13.escape vi/n.escape from+sp=get awayfrom+sp escapeto+sp（气体/液体/光/热等）泄露vi逃脱/逃避（）逃脱（做）某事逃跑了的vt escapedoingsthescaped adj.教育/教导教育某人理解某事
14.educate vteducate sbin/on stheducate sbtodosth教导某人做某事有教养的/受过教育的教育的，有教educated adj.a highlyeducated woman/a well-educated womaneducational adj.育意义的教育education n.教育（学）家educator=educationist cn.恳求恳求做某事
15.beg v.beg todosth恳求某人做某事.乞丐beg sbtodosth beggarcn请你再说一遍？I begyour pardon乞讨乞讨某物beg forsth向某人乞讨某物beg sthfrom sb奖励/奖赏/悬赏金（）因（做）某事给某人奖励/赏金
16.reward cn.givesb.a rewardfor doingsth,奖励/奖赏奖赏某人某物；（）因（做）某事奖励某人vt reward sb.with sthrewardsb.for doingsth.有益的，故意义的rewarding adj
17.sentence cn.句子，判刑life sentence无期徒刑；death sentence死开！J；a heavy/light sentence重判/轻判作出判决；月艮开pass sentenceserve asentence1J判刑/判决被判…vt.be sentencedtosth.被判死刑数字+被判处…徒be sentencedto death=be undersentence ofdeath besentence+month/year in prison刑
18.opinion cn.意见/见解/观点in one9s opinion/view依某人看来ones对某事的见解opinions/views of/on/about sth对某人/某物评价高/低/好/差have ahigh/low/good/bad opinionof sb/sth失业有工作
19.$2be out ofworkbe inwork在工作be atwork二实际上
20.asamatter offact infact=in truth=actually炸毁某物；给某物充气/吹气；放大照片；（恶劣的天气忽然）来临
21.blow sthup sth.blow up吹灭某物吹倒某物blow sthout blowsth down/over在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等处境中
22.in trouble向某人寻求某物
23.turn to sb forstheg.I turnedfor mybrother forhelp.
24.lose heart丧失信心break one9s heart使某人心碎记住某事在心底里learn sthby heartin onesheart非常喜欢某人take sbtoone^heart爱上某人lose onesheart tosb.上台下台（动作）
25.$2come/risetopower fallout of power/leave office执政的（状态）be inpower/in officebe out ofpower/be outof officeT a*W创立/成立（企业，机构等）；（临时）竖起/搭起/建起
26.set sthup=establish/found sthset sthup=put sthup在服刑出狱的
27.$2be inprison beoutof prison入狱出狱$2go to prison getoutofprison越狱escape from prison=break prison送某人进监狱put sbinprison=send sbtoprisonrelease sbfromprison=let sbout释放某人出狱ofprison三.【重点句型】
1.Sadly Idid nothave itbecause Iwas notborn there,andIworried aboutwhether I would becomeoutofwork.连接的句子为宾语从句，此处不能用来替代，由于在介词后只能用whether ifwhether动词等词
2.The lastthirty yearshave seenthe greatestnumberoflaws stoppingour rightsand progress.see,find,witness由时间或地点名词做主语，以增添语言色彩，译为“（在某时或某地）经历,遭受发生”,
3.Only thendid wedecide toanswer violencewith violence.此句为倒装句，当状语”位于句首时，句子需要用部分倒装only+
4.Since Iwas bettereducated,I gota jobworking inan office.此句为引导的原因状语从句和都可引导的原因状语从句,其中引导的原因状语since since,as because because从句语气最强烈，常常可译为“既然”，引出已知的原因since
5..I feltbad the first timeI talkedto thegroup.此句为用做连词引导的时间状语从句the firsttime四.【重点语法】由引导的定语从句where,when,why,prep+which/whom关系副词的先行词也可以是等抽
1.where point,case,condition,situation,stage,position象名词某些固定短语动词例如等
2.takecareof,look after,laugh at,look forwardto,come upwith中介词不能提前即当将介词提前后影响了原从句的对的翻译，则介词不能提前关系副词
3.指时间（作时间状语）when=in/at/on+which指地点（作地点状语）where=in/at/on+which指原因（作原因状语）why=for+which☆关系副词的功能连接主句和从句；指代先行词；充当从句中的状语由引导的定语从句where
1.The schoolwhere Istudied foronly twoyears wasthree kilometersaway.
2.Until todaywe havereached astage wherewe have almost norights atall.
3.The placesoutside thetowns wherethey weresent to live werethe poorestparts of$
2.由引导的定语从句when
1.The time when Ifirst metNelson Mandelawas avery difficultperiod ofmy life.
2.However,this was a timewhen onehad gotto have a passbooktolive in$
2.
3.The daywhen NelsonMandela helpedme wasone ofmy happiest.
4.He taughtus duringthe lunchbreaks andthe eveningswhen weshould havebeen asleep.由引导的定语从句prep+which
1.He wasgenerouswithhis time,for whichIwasgrateful.
2.The partsof townin whichthey hadtolivewere decidedby whitepeople.
3.We wereput intoa positionin whichwe hadeither toaccept wewere lessimportant,or fightthegovernment.
4.It wasa prisonfrom whichno oneescaped.由引导的定语从句prep+whom
1.It wasin1952and Mandelawas theblack lawyerto whomI wentfor advice.五.【交际运用】征求意见What doyou thinkof...Do youhave anythoughts onthatWhat areyour ideasWhats youropinionHow doyou feelabout thatWhy doyou think so刊登意见（）I think/1dont think...I believe/1dont believethat...In myopinion...To myunderstanding...Im withyou.I feel that.../I dontfeelthat...增长，增添（多指抽象意义）add toadd.・.in...把..・加进去，包括不得不,必须（近义词）
16.have gottohave to两者的区别的否认形式是疑问句形式提前；的否认形式和疑问句形式
1.have gotto haveiftgotto,have haveto是借助助动词do/does/did；不和情态动词连用，可以
2.have gotto will,haveto经历，经受；浏览，查阅；仔细检查；通过
17.go through（近义词为）suffer,experience区别和go throughget through指通过（考试等），完毕，接通电话
1.get through.表达“通过”时,不用于被动语态，而常用于构造中2go throughget throughget sth.through，己下（）放下（）,登记
18.set downwrite down,put down,take down,note down,putdown一连串的，一系列，一套
19.a seriesof（）（三单）a seriesof+n.[C]pl.+v.（单复数同型）持续，系列series n[C].持续，逐次；与…串联/相连in seriesin serieswith.为了做（）
20.in ordertodosth・・・so astodosth.为了不做..（）in ordernottodosth..so asnottodosth.目的状语从句（）in orderthat sothat放句首和句中，只放句中in ordertosoasto在傍晚时刻
21.at dusk面对面地
22.face toface（强调时间）不再…
23.no longer/not...any longer（近义词感情色彩更浓）no more/not...any more对…厌烦（精神上）（近义词:）
24.get/be tiredofget/be sickof（体力上）对...厌倦be tiredwith/from...近义词（语气最强），令人讨厌的，（泛指）exhausted tiresometired与…相处，在…方面进展…
25.get along/on withegI canget along well with my classmates.I getalongwellwithmyEnglish study.反义词have ahard timewith,have troublewith（）have trouble/haveahard time in doingsth.
26.fallinlove（withsb.）（和某人）相爱（强调动作）（）（和某人）相爱（强调状态）be inlove withsb.参与,加入（聚会、活动等）
27.join in=take part in参与（团体，组织，人群等）join参与，出席，到场（会议，班级等）attend参与（参与某一项活动，常与搭配）participate in进入（某个空间等）enter使…被…
28.get sthdoneeg.Please getyour haircut.Tve hadit.遛狗=
29.walk the dog takethe dogforawalk本应当做（实际没做）
30.should havedone本不应当做（但实际做了）Shouldn^havedone表达对过去的虚拟使…（宾补）
31.make...sth/adj.eg.She made her diary her bestfriend.Rainy daysmake mysad.藏起来，躲开
32.hide away对…痴迷/狂热
33.grow/be crazyabout疯狂地做某事be crazytodosth.处理,与…有关
34.do with二eg.What doyou dowiththelittle puppyHow doyou dealwiththelittle puppyIve grownso crazyabouteverything todo withnature.二
35.happentodosth.=dosth.by chancedosth.by accident碰巧
36.take nonotice of=ignore;take noticeof=pay attentionto=notice
二、重点句型
1.Your friendcomes toschool veryupset..作状语，用来补充阐明主语来学校时的心情此处作伴随状语与副词做状语修饰adj yourfriend谓语不一样，形容词做状语更多地重视描述主语所处的状态一般用逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句末或句中，在意义上相称于一种状语从句
2.While walkingthedog,you werecareless andit...当时间状语从句，让步状语从句或方式状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略
3.She andher familyhid awayfor nearlytwenty-five monthsbefore theywere discovered.段时间”在…之后才…”+before（就像大多数人同样地做）
4.1dont wantto setdown aseriesoffacts ina diaryas mostpeople do・・・引导的方式状语从句as
5.Your friend,who doesntwork hard,asks youto helphim/her cheatintheexam bylooking atyour paper.引导的非限定性定语从句；whoMake alist ofreasons whyfriends areimportant toyou.Do youwant a friend whomyou couldtell everythingto...定语从句定语从句；定语从句；reasons why+afriendwhom+Icanwell rememberthattherewasatimewhena deepblue sky,the songofthebirds,moonlight andflowerscould neverhave keptme spellbound.There wasa timewhen+定语从句；couldhave done情态动词表对过去的推测；keepsb.done宾补，是的过去分词，指“被吸引的，被迷住的”spellbound spellbind
6.So shemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.（宾补）make sb./sth.+n.
7.1want thisdiary itselftobemy friend.做勺同位语，是的强调形式itself diaryG it
1.1am onlyable tolookatnature throughdirty curtainshanging beforevery dustywindows....piece ofmaterial hungto covera window.目前分词和过去分词作后置定语，及其区别
8.It wasthe firsttimeina yearand ahalf thatId seenthe nightface toface...强调句过去完毕时It wasthefirsttime that+
9.If sno pleasurelooking throughthese anylonger...做某事不快乐Its nopleasure doingsth.
10.She foundit difficult to settleand...做形式宾语，.做真正的宾语类似的动词有等It todosthfind itdifficulttodosth.think,consider
11.Itwassuch funto watchit run...句型做形式主语，做真正的主语；感官动词不带的Itis+n.todostho Ittodosth,watch sb.dosth.to不定式做宾补
三、语法直接引语和间接引语（陈说句和疑问句）、直接引语直接引用他人的原话直接引语一般放在引号内1egMy motheralways says,You shouldstudy hard.”、间接引语用自己的话转述他人的话间接引语多数用宾语从句来体现2egMy motheralways toldme thatI shouldstudy hard.、直接引语和间接引语的转换3（）句式的转换1
①陈说句去逗号和引号，用（也可以省略）接宾语从句；say that/tell sb.that.背面的从句要做人称、时态等的变化said/told sbEg:He usuallysays that,I amthe cleverestintheworld.”——He usuallysays thatheisthe cleverestintheworld.
②一般疑问句去逗号和引号，用接宾语从句，改用陈说语序从句中要做人称，时态等if/whether对应变化Eg:He askedme,“Will yougo withme”---He askedme ifIwouldgo withhim.
③特殊疑问句去逗号和引号，用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，改用陈说语序从句中要做人称，时态等对应变化Eg:I asked thestudents,“How many words haveyou learned”---1askedthestudents howmanywordsthey hadlearned.---He askedme topass himthebook.（）人称的转换一随主，二随宾，三不变2（）时态的转换3
①动词的时态当直接引语表达客观真理或常常性的特点时，转换成间接引语时，保持本来的一般目前时当主句的谓语动词是目前时态，宾语从句中可以根据实际状况选用不一样步态不过假如主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语从句做如下调整一般目前时----一般过去时一般过去时----过去完毕时一般未来时——过去未来时目前进行时---过去进行时目前完毕时----过去完毕时过去完毕时---过去完毕时记忆口诀主现从不限，主过从也过，客观真理永不变（）指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词的变化4指示代词一this---that,these those,时间状语now—then,today—that day,tonight—that night,tomorrow——the nextday,next week-thenext week,last night-the nightbefore,yesterday-the daybefore,the daybefore yesterday-two daysago,ago-before地点状语here—there动词的变化一come go,bring—takeEg:Doris saidto me,“Iwillgo tosee youtomorrow andtake youa present.99备注假如当时当地转-Doris saidtomeshe wouldcome tosee methe nextday andbring mea present.述，时间、地点状语不变，指示代词不变
四、交际运用怎样友好地体现同意或不一样意Attitudes:Are youafraid that.../Fve grownso crazyabout.../I didntdare...Agreement anddisagreement Iagree./1thinkso./Exactly./1dont agree./1dont thinkso./Im afraidnot.Certainty:Thats correct./Of coursenot.
一、重点词汇U2English aroundthe worldvoyage,actually,base,gradually,latter,identity,frequent,frequently,command,request,recognize,straight,enrich,fluent,standard,expect,however^because of,come up,at present,make useof,such as,play apartin,more than,go tothe pictures,attheend of.than everbefore,communicate with,a largenumberof,Only timewill tell,without asecond thought,believe itor not,to thisday航行,航海
1.voyage n[C],去航海vi.实际上，实际上
2.actually adv.以…为根据基部，基地，基础
3.base vt.n.以…为基础be based oneg.Good oralEnglishisbasedongood pronunciation.基本的，基础的basic adj.基本上，主线上basically adv.逐渐地，逐渐地（近义词）
4.gradually adv.little bylittle逐渐的，逐渐的gradual adj.较后的，后半的，背面的，（两者中）后者的
5.latter adj.稍后的，待会的later adj.强调次序上靠后的，强调时间上过会的latter later后者（反义词）the latterthe former自身，本体，身份，个性/特性
6.identity n.识别鉴明，验明identify vt.identification n.完全相似的，同一的identical adj.和..完全相似be identical with/to・eg.The themeof thismovie isidenticalwiththat ofthat book.频繁的，常见的
7.frequent adj.常常，频繁地frequently adv.命令，指令，掌握
8.command n.vt.对…有掌握haveacommand of...command引导宾语从句，从句需用虚拟语气（shoulddo且should可省略）祈求,规定
9.request n.vt.request that宾语从句用虚拟语气（shoulddo且should可省略）（）祈求，规定makearequest for大众非常需求应的规定in greatrequest onrequest・・・向某人要某物request sth.from sb.应…的规定at ones request/attherequest ofsb.根据祈求变得缺乏as requestedcome intorequest（）根据祈求，应邀by requestof顺应某人的祈求comply withonesrequest识别出，承认，公认
10.recognize vt.eg.Sorry,I didntrecognize youwhen youwore yoursunglasses yesterday.认出..•是...recognize...as...指“承认”时的固定使用方法recognize承认某人是…recognize sb.tobe...某人被承认是…be recognizedas/tobe...直接，挺直；直的，笔直的，正直的
11.straight adv.adj.eg.Please gostraight,and turnleft atthefirstcomer,then youllsee astraight street.对…坦诚be straightwith,使富裕，充实，改善，使肥沃
12.enrich vt后接具有抽象含义的某些名词作宾语流利的，流畅的
13.fluent adj.常常，频繁地Fluently adv.原则的，模范的（无比较等级）
14.standard adj.eg.Mary speaksstandard English.原则，水平，规格，规范n[C].eg.Thisisa bookthat isa standardof literaryexcellence.预期，期望，指望，预料
15.expect vt.预期的，预料的adj.expected期望，预料n.expectation期望某人做某事expect sb.todosth.可是，不过，然而（转折翻译，一般做插入语，可放句首，句中或句末，常用逗号
16.however adv.隔开）（近义词）in spiteof this,nevertheless不管怎样，无论以何种方式（相称于）引导让步状语从句conj.no matterhow由于,由于,多亏（近义词）后加名词性短语
17.because ofthanks to,due to,owing to可用于强调句中because ofItwasbecause ofthejobthathehad takenthe flat.后可接从句，但此时从句为宾语从句because ofwhat whatShe gotangry becauseofwhather boyfriendhadsaid.是连血引导原因状语从句because走近（）上来，提出，（植物等）长出地面，出现，（太阳）升起
18.come updraw near,approach,出场，进展，力口油发生come oncome about至」达出版，成果是，出来come upto Icome outcomeacross/upon偶遇,偶尔发现恢复知觉，合计，到达通过，获得come tocome by力口紧，过来come along下来，倒下，流传下来，病倒come down回来，回忆起，恢复comeback目前，目前
19.at present目前，礼品present n.出席的，在场的，目前的，进行的adj.赠送，提交，上演，简介vt.临时直到目前for the present upto/till thepresent出目前…面前be presentto适应当下形势liveinthepresent赠送某人某物present sb.with sth./present sth.tosb..机不可失，时不再来There isno timelikethepresent（）（好好，充足，未）运用，使用
20.make good,full/the best/the most,little useof makeuseofsth.to.使用某物去做某事dosth无用be ofgreat use=beveryuseful beof nouse开始被使用在使用come into usebein use不再使用，废弃be/go outof use使.得至使用put/bring...intouse・・U做某事是无用的Its nouse doingsth.用某物来做某事use sth.todosth/for doingsth被用来做某事be usedtodosth./be usedfor doingsth.习惯于get/be usedto doingsth.被用作…be usedas...例如...，像这种的（用于列举事物，一般不所有列举插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间，2Lsuchas不与连用）and soon例如…（用来举例阐明，有时可作为插入语放在句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关for example系）所有列举出来namely=thatis饰演一种角色，参与二
22.play apartinplay arole in副词短语
23.more than当背面加数词时，指“超过”=over当背面加名词、代词或动词时，指“不仅仅，不只是二notonlyeg.Hibernation ismore thansleep.If sa deepsleep.不超过仅仅“not more than nomorethan=only去看电影=
24.go tothe picturesgo tothe movies在.之末（做状语、表语及修饰词）
25.attheend of・・当后接时间（一般过去时/一般未来时）（反义词）；后还可接地点atthebeginning of在最终之前（常常结合完毕时来考察）bytheendof最终,最终（）不接intheend atlast,finally,of比以往更…（做时间状语）
26.than everbefore与...交流
27.communicate with也可做为communicate vt.communicate sth.tosb.交流communication n.绝大部分（后接可数名词的复数，谓语动词用原型）.•的数量（后
28.a largenumberofthe numberof.接可数名词的复数，但谓语动词要用三单形式）修饰可数名词复数的词，表达“许多”（）agood/great many,quite afew,a large/great/small numberof修饰不可数名词的词，表达“许多”much,a greatdeal of,quite alittle,an amountof既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词，表达“许多”a lotof,lots of,plenty of,agreatquantityof只有时间才可以证明
29.Only timewilltell不假思索
30.without asecond thought不管信否”常作插入语，放在句首
31.believe itor not”直到目前”，作时间状语
32.to thisday”
二、重点句型。
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