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高中英语必修(外研版)2Unit1Our Bodyand HealthyHabits知识点总结
一、重点词汇词义辨析:injure/hurt/wound/cut四者都可以指“伤害、伤痛”意义injure指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失hurt既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上的伤害wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤cut无意中导致的轻伤Drinking caninjure oneshealth.喝酒对人的健康有害Im sorryI hurtyou;I didntmean to.对不起,我弄伤了你;我不是故意的The robberwounded himwith aknife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他How didyou getthat cuton yourhand你手上的伤口是怎么弄的?词义辨析normal/common/general/ordinary这四个词均有“一般的”、“常见的”意思其区别是:normal强调人或物“符合常态或常规”common强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“局限性为奇”general侧重“普遍”之意,普遍于大多数人或事物中ordinary与一般事物的性质原则相似,强调“平常”而无奇特之处Its normalto feeltired aftersuch along trip.长途旅行后感到累是很正常的His namewas Hansen,a commonname inNorway.他的名字叫汉森,在挪威是一种常见的名字解析本句的主干是“Participants learnto recognizesmoking triggersand theytry toset adate in thefuture,主干是由and连接的并列句;括号部分是对前面的triggers的解释,其中that引导的是一种定语从句,修饰things;when引导的是一种定语从句,修饰前面的date翻译参与者学着识别吸烟触发因子(诱使人们开始吸烟的东西),并且他们竭力设定一种在未来戒烟的日期Make alist offriends whosmoke andplaces whereyou smoke.解析本句的主干是“Make alist offriends andplaces”,是一种祈使句;who和where引导的都是定语从句,分别修饰friends和placeso翻译将你吸烟的朋友以及你吸烟的地方列成一种清单Choose atime when you will be relaxed but also too busy to thinkabout|解析本句的主干是“Choose atime,是一种祈使句;whenyouwill berelaxedbut alsotoo busyto thinkabout smoking”是由when引导的定语从句,修饰前面的time;该从句中“relaxed”和“toobusytothinkaboutsmoking”是并列的,由butalso连接,其中包括常见句型“too...to...”翻译选择一种你感觉很放松但又非常忙以至于不会想着吸烟的时间
三、重点语法非谓语动词不定式作目的状语看下面两题,理解有关考点
1.Simon made a bigbamboo boxthe littlesick birdtill itcould fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
2.We gotup earlythis timebe latefor thetrain again.A.in order to B.in orderto notC.so asto D.so asnot to解析
1.D.考察非谓语动词句意为“Simon做了一种大竹箱,目的是为了放那只生病的小鸟”,因此选D
2.D.考察不定式短语in orderto和so asto,以及not的位置根据句意应当与否认形式,not要放在to的前面,所以B不对的该考点下,同学们需要牢记:
1.不定式常用作目的状语,表达动作尚未发生,意为“为了”例如To learnEnglish well,you needtime andpatience.要想把英语学好,你需要时间和耐心He raisedhis voiceto beheard byall thestudents.为了被所有的学生听到,他提高了声音注意其位置可以是句首,也可以是句末
2.还可用in orderto/so asto表达目的,意为“以便;为了例如He gotup veryearly in orderto/so asto catchthe first bus.In ordernot tomiss the firstbus,he gotup veryearly.(注意:句首时不能用so asto)不定式作宾语某些词后只能跟tod作宾语例如The driverfailed tosee theother carin time.He decidedto buya newcar.这种搭配的常见动词有:afford,need,agree,ask,decide,choose,hope,offer,plan,hate,refuse等拓展
1.“疑问词+to do”作宾语I dont know whereto gothis weekend.
2.it作形式宾语I feelit myduty to help them.(it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是tohelpthem)注意这种使用方法常用于句型“find/feel/think+it+adj./n.+to dsth.”状语从句成果状语从句本模块重要学习so/such...that引导的成果状语通过下面三道题,看有关考点
1.The teachertaught us insuch alovely waywe wouldnever forgetwhat hetaughtus.A.as B.that C.so thatD.which
2.—Did youcatch what the teachersaid—No.She spokeso fastI couldn*t hearher veryclearly.A.which B.that C.when D.Since
3.There arefew problemsleft Ibelieve you can dealwith themyourself.A.such;that B.so;that C.such;as D.so;as解析
1.
8.考察成果状语从句,such+a/an+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that句意这位老师的教学方式如此生动,以至于我们永远都忘不了他专家的内容
2.B.句意为“她说得太快了,我听不清晰她说什么考察成果状语从句的引导词,so adj./adv.that...o++
3.B.考察成果状语从句引导词的选用,虽然句中出现了名词problems,不过由于名词前few,只能选so…that…o知识点总结so/such区别名词such such+(a/an)+adj.+可数名词(复数)/不可数名词+that...形副so;so+adj./adv.+that・・・so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that.・.多多少少,都用SO so+many/much/few/little等+名词+that...little一词有多义so+little(少)+名词.+that..小用such,少用such+a little(小)+名词+that...SOThere isso littlewater leftthat I have tobuy some,(little表达“少”)He issuch alittle boythat weall likehim.(little表达“小”)高中英语必修(外研版)2Unit3Music知识点总结
一、重点词汇丧失,失去lose v.
1.be lostinsth,全神贯注于…
2.get lost/lose onesway迷路He wasso lostin readingthat hemissed thetrain for work.他看书太入神了,误了上班的火车They gotlost becausethey wentin the wrong direction.他们走错了方向,因此迷了路混合,搅拌mix v.
1.mix sth.withsth.把…与…混合
2.mix up混淆,弄乱The powderis mixedwith coldwater isto forma paste.用冷水把粉末搅拌成糊状I musthave gotthe timesmixed up.我肯定是把时间弄混了拓展mixture混合物,混杂体对…留下深刻印象be impressedwith sthYoullbe impressedwith thebrightness andthe beautyof thecolors.色彩的明艳漂亮会让你大饱眼福拓展
1.impression n.象leave/give/make animpression onsb.给某人留下印象
2.impressive adj.令人印象深刻的解散;决裂;离婚split upDid you know that Johnand Maryhave split up约翰和玛丽已经分手了,你懂得吗?After the meeting wesplitupand wenthome.散会后来,我们就分开回家了记录make a note of=take anote ofMakeanoteof thereference numbershown on the form.把表格上的编码记下来have an influenceon对・・・有影响Both societyand familyhave aninfluence onthe childrensdevelopment.社会和家庭都会影响孩子的发展阅读必备词汇audience n.听众genius n.天才symphony n.交响乐;交响曲;交响乐团compose vt.作曲;仓U作catchy adj.感人的complex adj.复杂的record vt.录音
二、重点句型解析本句的主干是“Haydn went to workat thecourt ofa princein easternAustria;after引导部分是一种介词构造,表达时间;where引导的是一种定语从句,修饰前面的court翻译在维也纳学习音乐之后,海顿去奥地利东部一种王子的宫廷工作,在那里他成了音乐指挥家拓展where引导的非限制性定语从句在写作中应用非常广泛,例如Last week,we went to the park nearour school.We had a good time there.Last week,we wentto thepark nearour school,where wehada goodtime.解析本句的主干是“Haydn movedto London;“Having workedthere for30years”是一种目前分词构造作时间状语;“where hewas verysuccessful”是由where引导的定语从句,修饰前面的Londono翻译在那里工作了30年后,海顿移居伦敦在伦敦他非常的成功拓展“having done”这一构造在写作中应用非常广泛,合适使用不仅可以体现语言的多样性,更能使句子显得简单地道,例如After wegot everything ready we began to head for thepark.Having goteverythingready,webegan toheadfor thepark.He showedmusical talentwhen hewas very young,and learnedto playthe violin3iano from his father,who was a singer—解析本句的主干是“He showedmusical talentand learnedto playthe violinand pianofromhisfathed;whenhe was veryyoung”是一种由when引导的时间状语从句;“who wasa singer”是由who引导的定语从句,修饰前面的fathero翻译他在很小的时候就体现出了音乐天赋,并从他的父亲那学会了拉小提琴和钢琴他父亲是一种歌手However,it wasHaydn whoencouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.解析本句是一种强调句,构造是it was+Haydn+who+encouraged Beethovento moveto Vienna,原句是Haydn encouragedBeethoventomovetoVienna.翻译然而,鼓励贝多芬去维也纳的人正是海顿拓展强调句型的基本构造是ltis/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分(假如强调的是人,其中的that还可以换成who)怎样辨别强调句型其实很简朴,只要把ltis/was+that/wh去掉,假如剩余部分通过调整语序构成一种完整0的句子,那该句子就是强调句,否则就不是
三、重点语法状语从句时间状语从句()when/while/aswhen,while,as都可作“当…时”解若主句表达短暂性动作,从句表达持续性动作,三者都可用He fellasleep when/while/as hewas reading.他看书时睡着了实际考察时,一般考察三者的区别
1.when一般表达时间点;while表达时间段例如When wearrived inBeijing,it wasraining.(arrive不是延续,性动词)我们抵达北京时,天正在下雨Please donot troubleme whileI amwriting myhomework.(write是延续性动词)我写作业时请不要打扰我
2.when表达“这时忽然;while表达“而”、“却”表达对比We were about tostart when it beganto rain.我们正要出发,天忽然开始下雨了He likescoffee,while shelikes tea.他喜欢咖啡,而她却喜欢茶
3.as表达“伴随;一边・・.,一边…”As childrenget older,they becomemore andmore interestedin everything.伴随孩子日渐长大,他们对一切变得越来越感爱好过去完毕时
1.概念表达在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完毕了的动作,即“过去的过去,
2.构成had+过去分词
3.使用方法1发生在过去此前的动作,已结束,对过去导致影响它不能离开过去时间而独立存在,多与already,yet,just,before,never等时间副词及by,before,when等引导的短语或从句连用如When wegot tothe cinema,the filmhad alreadybegun.当我们抵达电影院时,电影已经开始了2发生在过去此前的动作或状态,一直延续到过去的这一时间,并且还也许继续下去,常和for,since构成的短语或引导的从句连用By thetime Ileft theschool,he hadtaught theclass for3years.到我毕也时,他已经教那个班三年了拓展1用在It wasthe first/second/third...time that…”句型中,that从句要用过去完毕时This wasthe firsttime that they hadmet inthirty years.这是三十年里他们第一次会面2动词hope,wish,expect,think,intend,suppose等用过去完毕时表达本来打算做而没有做的事,具有某种惋惜We hadhoped thatyou would come,but youdidnt.我们本来但愿你能力,不过你没有高中英语必修(外研版)2Unit4Fine Arts—Western,Chinese andPopArts知识点总结
一、重点词汇词义辨析alive/living/live/lively均有“活着的”意思,含义和所做成分各有不一样含义使用方法alive人或物“活着的“,侧重生与死的界线表语,只做后置定语或补语living人或物“尚在人间,健在的“定语,表语live物“活着的”,也有“实况转播的”名词前做定语lively人或物”活泼的,活跃,充斥生气的”定语,表语,补语The manalive isgreater thanhe.在活着的人中,没有人比他更伟大The livingmust finish the workof thosedead.活着的人必须完毕那些死去的人的事业He saidhe hadseen alive whale.他说他见过活鲸鱼He hada strangeway ofmaking his classes livelyand interesting.他有一种奇特的措施,使他的课生动有趣词义辨析destroy/damage/ruin均有“破坏”的意思,程度和使用方法有不一样destroy一般指无法修护的损坏damage部分的损坏,可以修复ruin彻底的毁坏,一般指由自然现象、疏忽等导致的破坏The firedestroyed the building.大火消灭了大楼Smoking w川damage your health.抽烟会损害你的健康He ruinedhis prospectsby carelessness.他因粗心大意断送了前途对…厌烦be/get tired ofIm sotiredofyour stinkyshoes.我真受不了你的臭鞋子从…可看出tell byInEngland,it*s easyto tella personsclass byhis speech.在英国,根据一种人的言谈就很轻易判断出其所属的社会阶层推迟;延期put off:Because of the badweather,we suggestedputting offthemeetingtill tomorrow.由于坏天气,我们提议把会议推迟到明天拓展put词组
1.put upwith忍受
2.put out熄灭,扑灭
3.put down记录,写下
4.put forward提出
5.putup举起;张贴一词多义采纳,采用;领养adopt VtThestore recentlyadopted adrug testingpolice forall newemployees.这家商店进来实行新雇员做药检的政策Sally wasadopted whenshe was
4.Sally四岁时被人领养一词多义站立,坐落于;忍受stand vt,There standsa tallbuilding betweenthe busstation andthe shoppingcenter.在车站和购物中心坐落着一座建筑物I cant stand peoplesmoking aroundme wheni ameating.我受不了吃饭的时候有人在我旁边抽烟拓展英文中体现“忍受”含义的词尚有:bear,endure,tolerate,put up with一词多义.意识至!;实现realize/realise vtjOnly afteryou loseyourhealth,will yourealize theimportance ofhealth.唯有在失去健康之后,我们才能意识到健康的重要My dreamof beinga teacherw川be realizedin3years.我当一名教师的梦想会在三年内实现一词多义观测;遵守observe v.Officers observedhim drivingat90miles perhour.警察发现他以40英里每小时的时速驾车(obseve sb.doing sth.观测某人正在做某事)It isrequired thatall trafficparticipants shouldobserve thetraffic rulesto maketraffic saferand faster.保证交通顺利,每个人都要遵守交通规则阅读必备词汇contemporary adj.现代的delightful adj.令人愉悦的scene n.景色;风景aspect n.方面imitate vt.模仿;临摹reality n.真实;现实;逼真exhibition n.展览expression n.体现;体现landscape n.风景;景色portrait n.画像;肖像;人像realistic adj.现实主义的
二、重点句型This isa paintingby theSpanish artist,Pablo Picasso,considered to be the|western artist of thetwentieth century.解析本句的主干是“This isa painting“by theSpanish artist”是一种介词构造作定语,修饰前面的artist;PabloPicasso”是同位语,解释补充前面的artist;considered to be thegreatest western artistofthe twentiethcentury”是一种过去分词构造作定语,修饰前面的artistoAs ageneral rule,prices followdemands.一般而言,物价随需求而变化Now electricalappliances haveentered intoordinary families.目前,家用电器已经步入一般家庭饮食;节食diet n.
1.a healthy/balanceddiet健康的/均衡的饮食
2.go/be onadiet用规定食谱;节食You donthave togo ona dietto loseweight.你不需要靠节食来减肥.焦急的;渴望的anxious adj
1.be anxious aboutsth.为…紧张,忧虑
2.be anxious for sth.渴望...
3.be anxious to dosth.急于,渴望做某事I amanxiousaboutthe parcelbecause ithasn*t arrived.我对这包裹很紧张,由于它还没到The wholecountry wasanxiousforpeace.全国上下都渴望和平She wasanxious tofinish schooland geta job.她渴望毕业找一份工作迷恋be crazy aboutHes stillcrazyaboutboth hiswork andhis hobbies.他对工作和个人爱好仍然保持狂热以…开始begin withTheteacher beganhisclasswith aquestion.老师以一种问题开始他的讲课受伤be/get injuredHegot injuredthrough his own carelessness.他由于粗心受伤了吸入/呼出breathe in/outIn largecities peoplebreathe indangerous gasesfrom carsand chimneys.在大都市人们呼吸时吸入汽车和烟囱排出的有害气体一^0rlit3dL健康的“强健的J合那Y翻译这是一幅西班牙艺术家毕加索的画,他被认为是20世纪最伟大的西方艺术家拓展在写作中合适使用同位语可以提高语言质量,例如:Tom isfrom England.He is popular with his classmates.Tom,a boyfrom England,is popularwith hisclassmates.Picasso andanother painter,George Braque,started Cubism,one ofthe mostimportant of all modern art movements.解析本句的主干是“Picasso andanother painterstarted Cubism;“George Braque”是同位语,解释阐明前面的painter;”one ofthe mostimportantof allmodernartmovements”也是同位语,解释阐明前面的Cubisrrio翻译毕加索和另一种画家乔治•布拉克开始立体主义..最重要的现代艺术运动之一People generallyagree thatPablo Picasso,who livedfrom1881to1973,is the|twentieth-centurv5s greatestwesternartist.解析本句的主干是“People generallyagree that”;that引导的是agree的宾语从句;“who livedfrom1881to1973”是一种由who引导的定语从句,修饰前面的Pablo Picassoo翻译人们普遍认为毕加索1881—1973是二十世纪最伟大的西方艺术家
三、重点语法非谓语动词和作宾语doing to dodoing/to do作宾语一般考察固定搭配,先看下面两道经典例题
1.When Iwenttovisit her,she wasthe piano.A.practicing toplay B.practicing playC.practicing playingD.practiced playing
2.I cantstand withTom inthe samedorm.He justrefuses talkingwhile otherssleep.A.living;stopping B.to live;stopping C.living;to stopD.to live;to stop解析
1.C.根据句意,应当是过去进行时,因此是was practicing;又由于practice doing sth.是固定搭配,因此选C
2.C.考察非谓语动词的固定搭配cantstanddoing sth.“无法忍受做某事;refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”该考点下,同学们需要牢记
1.只能跟t作宾语的动词:afford,aim,appear,decide,choose,desire,expect,hope,fail,happen,hesitate,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse等
2.只能跟doing作宾语的动词或词组
(1)只能跟doing作宾语的动词admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,suggest等
(2)某些动词词组或含介词短语后跟doing构成固定搭配例如Sometimes Ifeel likequitting myjob.有时候我想辞去我的工作记忆口诀禁不住想制止推迟的习惯;但愿忙碌反对放弃很值得;;;;;;;;;cant helpfeel likeprevent...from putoff getused to look forwardtobebusy objectto giveupbe worthdoing sth.拓展有时候为了保持句子平衡,会用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语(doing或tod)后置例如The mandownstairs foundit difficultto fallasleep.(真正宾语是to fallasleep)楼下的人发现难以入睡I thinkit no good telling him the truth.(真正宾语是tellinghimthetruth)我认为告诉他真相没有好处非谓语动词作主语doingdoing作主语重要考点如下题H
1.ones headin ourcountry meansno.A.Shake B.Shaking C.Shaked D.To shake
2.by sharkswasacommon occurrence.A.Killed B.Killing C.Being killedD.Having killed
3.Its no use alot withoutdoing anything.A.talked B.to sayC.talking D.speaking解析
1.
8.谓语动词means前缺乏主语只有动名词或不定式可作主语,故排除A、C;动名词往往表达”常常性”,而不定式表达“详细一次”,由题意可知为常常性动作,因此选shaking
2.C.根据题意“被鲨鱼杀死”应当为被动关系,因此排除B,Do又因was前缺乏的是主语,过去分词killed不可作主语,只能选C
3.C.“Its nuse doingsth.”为固定句型,意为“做某事没用“it是形式主语,真正主语是doing短语该考点下,同学们需要牢记动名词(短语)做主语往往表达常常性、习惯性的动作
1.直接放在句首Helping othersmakes mehappy.协助他人让我很开心注意动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式
2.以it作形式主语,真正主语doing后置It isnousetalking withoutdoing.光说不做没有用牢记固定句型It isnogood/usedoingsth,做某事没有好处/用处高中英语必修(外研版)2Unit5Newspapers andMagazines知识点总结
一、重点词汇词义辨析aboard/abroad/board/broad这四个单词词形相近,意思差异很大词义aboard上(飞机、船、火车等)abroad在国外,出国,往国外的board董事会,甲板;上(飞机、船、火车等);寄宿宽阔的,宽阔地broadHe wasalready aboard the plane.他已经登上飞机了There areseveral professorsfrom abroadin ouruniversity.在我们学校有几位来自国外的专家I boardedthe planebound forEngland.我登上了飞往英格兰的飞机He hadbroad shouldersand powerfularms.他肩膀宽敞,双臂有力词义辨析now that/since/for/because/as都表原因,不过使用方法各有不一样使用方法语气意义now that较弱表达显而易见,既成事实的原因,与since同义,但更突出事实自身,可翻译为“既然引导原因状语从句since较弱强调已知的事实,一般放在主句前because强表达直接而明确的原因和理由,可以回答why的提问as较弱表达的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由,其从句一般放在主句前for连接较弱表达对主句深入解释阐明,附加或推断的理由并列句Now thatyou arebusy,let medo itfor you.既然你忙,就让我给你做吧Since youcant answerthe question,Ill asksomeone else.既然你回答不出这个问题,我就问他人了We couldntgo outbecause it was toocold.由于天气太冷,我们不能外出As itwas late,we cameback soon.由于时间很晚了,我们很快就回来It mustbe morning,for thebirds aresinging.一定是清晨了,由于鸟儿在叫词义辨析・形容词形容词v ing/v-ed英语中表情感的动词,如delight,astonish,interest,terrify,excite,amaze,relax等,结尾力U上-ing/-ed可构成形容词,但意义和使用方法有区别意义使用方法v-ing令人…的表达事物或人的性质或特性,一般用来指物,但有时也可以指人,阐明人具有某种特质形容词感到…的阐明句中主语的情绪变化,一般用来指人v-ed形容词Mr.Smith looksembarrassed,because hehad beenasked someembarrassing questions.史密斯先生看起来很尴尬,由于有人问了他某些令人尴尬的问题快乐「快乐卫…使”^乐delightn.
1.delighted adj,快乐的,快乐的(由delight过去分词转化而来的形容词)
2.delighting adj.令人快乐的(由delight目前分词转化而来的形容词)
3.delightful adj.令人快乐的,可喜的I amdelighted tosee allso happy.看见大家这样快乐我很快乐建立found vt.A goodrelationship hastobefounded ontrust.基于信任建立良好的关系注意found作“建立”讲,其过去式和过去分词为foundedo实义动词find(找到),过去式和过去分词为found,为不规则变化相信/不相信belief/disbelief n.His firmnesson hisbelief supportedhim indifficulties.困境中,他坚定的信奉支撑着他I staredat himin completedisbelief.我直盯盯地看着他,主线不相信拓展
1.believe vt.相认;认为
2.unbelievable adj.难以置信的
3.believe itornot信不信由你总共in totalTheseproducts,in total,account forabout80%ofallour sales.这些产品总共约占我们所有销售额的80%信奉,相信believe inIdont believein loveat the first sight.我不相信一见钟情和…相似be similar to:Their houseis verysimilartoours,but oursis bigger.他们的房子和我们的十分相像,但我们的要大些拓展
1.similarity n.相似性2•反义词:be differentfrom与…不一样因某事祝贺某人congratulations tosb.on sth.Congratulations toyou forsuch anoutstanding performance.祝贺你获得如此突出的成绩拓展
2.congratulate vt.祝贺某人
3.congratulate sb.on sth.因某事祝贺某人一词多义producevt・生产;创作The companyproduced electricalappliances forcommunications systems.该企业为通信系统生产电子设备She learnedto producemusic at the age of
21.她21岁时开始学习创作音乐阅读必备词汇headline n.(新闻报道等的)标题名)]celebrity n.economy n.经济politics n.政治cosmonaut n.宇航员universe n.宇宙orbit n,轨道vt.绕轨道飞行capsule n.太空舱flight n.飞行;班机historical adj.历史性的achievement n.成就replace vt.替代;替代alien n.外星人amateur adj.业余的astronomer n.天文学家autograph n.亲笔签名evidence n.证据cultural adj.文化的financial adj.金融的review n.评论welcome vt.欢迎
二、重st Chinaat9am yesterday,China点句ace.became the third nationto send a man into s型________________________________________________________________________________________ra___________解析本句的主干是“China becamethethirdnation;u tosendamanintospace”是不定式构造作定语,修饰前面的nation;when引导的是一种时间状语从句翻译当杨于昨天上午9点从中国西北部的酒泉起飞的时候,中国成为第三个将人送上太空的国家Yan isthe431st personto travelin space,includin astronauts from32countries.解析本句的主干是“Yang isthe431st person;“to travelin space是不定式构造作定语,修饰前面的person;including astronautsfrom32countries是目前分词构造作状语翻译来自32个国家的宇航员中,杨利伟是第438位太空旅行者拓展include的意思是“包括、包括”,常见有两种形式:including和included其区别是including后接所包括的东西而所包括的东西应在included之前例如本句中的including astronautsfrom32countries”可以改写为“astronautsfrom32countries included%While hewas travellinin space,Yan oketo twoastronauts aboardtheInternational SpaceStation,which isorbiting theearth,American astronaut]Lu andRussian cosmonautYuri Malenchenko.解析本句的主干是Yang spoketo twoastronauts;aboardtheInternational SpaceStation”是一种介词构造作定语,修饰前面的astronauts;which引导的是一种定语从句,修饰前面的Station;American astronautEdward LuandRussian cosmonautYuri Malenchenko”是同位语,解释阐明前面的astronauts;While hewas travellinginspace”是时间状语从句翻译当杨在太空飞行的时候,他和两个正在绕着地球转的国际空间站的宇航员进行了交谈,这两个宇航员分别是美国宇航员爱德华•卢和俄罗斯宇航员尤里•马伦琴科last niqhtAmateur astronaut David Bates was looking atthe moonthrough histelescopewhen heqot abiq surprise.解析本句的主干是“DavidBateswaslookingatthemoon;Amateurastronaut”是定语,修饰David;throughhis telescope”是介词构造表达方式;“last night”表达时间;when引导的是一种时间状语从句翻译业余宇航员大卫•贝茨昨晚正在通过他的望远镜观测月球时,他忽然得到了一种大惊喜拓展本句中的when一般作“忽然”讲类似的状况尚有was/wereabout to dowhen..状例如:I wasabout toleave homewhenit beganto rain heavilythis morning.
三、重点语法状语从句时间状语从句when/whilewhen,while都可作“当…时〃解若主句表达短暂性动作,从句表达持续性动作,两者都可用He fellasleep when/while hewas reading.他看书时睡着了实际考察时,一般考察两者的区别
1.when•般表达时间点;while表达时间段例如When wearrived inBeijing,itwasraining,arrive不是延续性动词我们抵达北京时,天正在下雨Please donot troubleme whileI amwriting myhomework,(write是延续性动词)我写作业时请不要打扰我
2.when可表达“这时(忽然);while表达“而”,“却”(表达对比)We wereabouttostart whenitbeganto rain.我们正要出发,天忽然开始下雨了He likescoffee,while shelikes tea.他喜欢咖啡,而她却喜欢茶状语从句原因状语从句()because/since/nowthat/as/for该从句知识点的考察,可看下面几题
1.—Why didntyou come to mybirthday—I hadsomething importantto dodo.A.Since B.For C.As D.Because
2.everybody ishere,lets begin our meetingahead ofschedule.A.When B.After C.Since D.Although
3.we stoodatthetop ofthebuilding,we wereable toenjoy thetown belowclearly.A.As B.Although C.Unless D.Until解析
1.D.回答why的提问,应用because
2.C,句意为慨然大家都来了,咱们提前开会吧[since表达已知事实
3.A.由句意可知,两个句子之间是因果关系,因此用asas表达显而易见的理由该知识点总结看上面的词义辨析nowthat/since/for/because/as高中英语必修(外研版)2Unit6Films andTV Programmes知识点总结
一、重点词汇词义辨析词组comecome out出来,出版(不用于被动语态)come about发生(不用于被动语态)come across遇见…come upwith想出(主意等)come up上来;被提起,被讨论(不及物)cometolife/oneself清醒过来,生动起来,恢复生机A newChinese-English dictionarywill sooncome out.一部新汉英词典即将问世°How didthe accident come about这个事故是怎么发生的?I cameacross anold friendyesterday.我昨天遇见一位老朋友Til nowthe questionhasnt comeup yet.到目前为止,这个问题还没有被提出来She cameupwitha newsolution tothe problem.她想出了一种处理问题的新奇的措施The playcame tolife underhis direction.在他的导演下,这出戏演得活龙活现词义辨析care about/care for均有“关怀、照顾”的意思care about还指“介意,在意”care for还指“喜欢,想要”一句话记忆The manwho caresfor younever caresabout whatpeople say.喜欢你的人从不介意他人说什么.惊奇surprise n
1.to onessurprise令某人吃惊的是
2.in surprise吃惊地To mysurprise,this smallroom canhold50people.令我吃惊的是,这个小房间可以容纳50人His eyesnearly jumpedfrom theirsockets insurprise.他惊讶得眼珠子差一点跳出来Mr.Smith needsmore exercisesto keepfit.(keepfit保持健康)史密斯先生需要更多的锻炼以保持身体健康Hes beenill andisnt fitforworkyet.(be fitfor适合.・・)他一直在生病,尚不能工作This newjacket fitsher well.这件夹克很合她的身一词多义头部;头脑,朝…前进;前去head n.vThe shipcame aboutand headed fortheshore.轮船调转般向朝海岸驶去拓展英语中有些名词可转化为动词,如eye n.眼睛v.(用眼睛看)注视;打量face n.脸v.面对picture n.照片,影片v.画;拍照dress n.礼服v.打扮,穿衣阅读必备词汇rare adj.稀少的;罕有的rarely adv.罕有地wealthy adj.富裕的overweight adj.太胖的;超重的symptom n.症状insurance n.保险questionnaire n.问卷调查awful adj,糟糕的;可怕的;充斥敬畏的become ill生病have atemperature发热put...into...将・・,投入/放入…take exercise锻炼lie down躺下
二、重点句型.有趣的,令人快乐的entertaining adjThisis anentertaining yetthought-provoking film.这部电影令人捧腹,却又发人深省拓展
1.entertain v.使快乐;招待
2.entertainment n.娱乐;娱乐活动
4.entertainer n.演员;演出者有时,偶尔occasionally adv.Occasionally theywouldcometo dinewith us.他们偶尔会到这里来和我们吃一顿饭拓展
1.occasional adj.偶尔的
2.occasion n.场所,时机
3.ontheoccasionof在…场所下,值...之际
4.on occasion有时On theoccasion ofarrival ofNew Year,please acceptmy sinceregreeting.在新年到来之际,请接受我最良好的祝愿On occasionhe wentto Londonto spendthe weekend.有时他去伦敦渡周末爱上fall inlove with/be inlove with
1.fall inlovewith爱上…(强调动作)
2.be inlovewith爱上…(强调状态)It isnatural that he shouldfall inlove withsuch abeautiful girl.((在…方面)饰演角色;起作用play apart/role in…他爱上那位漂亮的姑娘是很自然的事As ateacher,you mayplay animportant partintheclass.作为教师,在课堂的角色尤为重要有时,偶尔every now and thenEverynowand then Iwenttothe libraryto collectinformation aboutthe subject.我时不时的去图书馆查阅资料拓展表达“有时,偶尔”的词或短语尚有from timeto time,every nowandthen,once ina while,on occasion,at times为某事争论,争辩argue aboutsth.One reasonis thatscientists seemlikely toargue aboutthe validityof herwork.其中一种原因是科学家们似乎会争论她的工作的有效性拓展
1.argue forsth.赞同,支持
2.argument n.争论阅读必备词汇character n.角色,人物female adj.男的;男性的masterpiece n.杰作leap vi.跳跃;飞跃graceful adj.优美的;优雅的brave adj.勇敢的attheageof在…岁时
二、重点句型Now,to everyonessurprise,Ang Lee,director ofa numberof excellentfilms,madea martial arts filmcalled CrouchingTiger,Hidden Dragon.^^^^^^^H解析本句的主干是“Ang Leehas madeamartialartsfilm;to everyonessurprise”是介词短语作状语;“director ofa numberof excellentfilms”是一种名词构造作同位语,解释补充前面的Ang Lee;calledCrouching Tiger,Hidden Dragon”是一种过去分词构造作定语,修饰前面的film翻译目前,每个人大感意外的是,拍过大量优秀电影的导演李安导演了一部武术电影-《卧虎藏龙》Brave,good andstrong,Xiulian isthe characterwe careabout most.解析本句的主T是“Xiulian isthe characterBrave,good andstrong”是几种并列的形容词作状语:“we careaboutmost”是一种省略了关系词的定语从句,修饰前面的character翻译勇敢,优秀和坚强,秀莲这个角色才是我们最关怀的拓展形容词作状语是中学阶段比较难的一种知识点,不过在写作中合适应用的话可以提高语言质量,例如After wemanaged tofinish thework,we wenthome andfelt tired but happy》After wemanaged tofinishthework,we wenthome,tiredbuthappy.解析本句的主干是“His romanticscenes withYu Xiulianare verymoving;“as theireyes showall thelove…”是一种由as引导的原因状语从句;“that theymust notexpress inwords是一种由that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的love翻译他与俞秀莲浪漫的场景很感人,由于他们眼神中显现出来的爱是言语所不能体现的解析本句的主干是“He showedthat;“that hehad unusualabihties”是由that引导的宾语从句,作show的宾语;when hewasveryyoung”是由when引导的时间状语从句;“completing hisfirst15-minute homemovie attheage of13”是一种目前分词构造作原因状语翻译当他很小的时候就体现出不一样寻常的能力他13岁的时候就完毕他的第一种15分钟的家庭电影
三、重点语法副词和副词短语副词重要和形容词进行对比形容词很好理解.,一般用来修饰名词或代词其他的词,短语或句子都可以用副词来修饰本模块重要学习时间,地点,频度和方式副词,以理解为主副词种使用方法位置例句类时间already,sometimes,句首,句尾或句中I have already receivedyour letter.before recently,atCome tomy officeat once.once,in themorning等After thewar,he returnedto hishometown.地点back,away,along,句尾,句中;They aretalking downstairs.over thereHeturned aroundtolookfor his一般不放句首downstairs等mother.频度always,sometimes,放在所修饰词前;I willalways rememberthat day.never,seldom,once或是助动词后He seldomvisits hisgrandparentsa year等方式表达动作发生的方式,句首,句尾或句中He walkedslowly tothe doorand opened常回答how问句it.badly,slowly,We arewaiting patientlyoutside.politely,proudly,carelessly,successfully,happily,angrily等So as youcan see from what Ive said,Im anormal kindof person.解析本句的主干是Im anormal kindof person;asyoucanseefromwhatTve said”是由as引导的一种定语从句;what引导的是from的宾语从句翻译因此,正如你能从我所说的看到的同样,我只是一种一般人拓展as引导的定语从句在写作中应用相称广泛,常见的构造有“as isknown toall…”;“as weallknow…”意思都是“众所周知…,Because ofthis,I make sure that Ihave agooddiet,and as Ivesaid,this isnt airoblem becausemv motherfeeds usso well.解析本句的主干是“I makesure that...and this isnta problem^^,由and连接一种并列句“that Ihaveagooddiet”是makesure的宾语从句,“Because ofthis”是一种介词构造,表达原因;“asIvesaid”是一种定语从句,修饰“thisisntaproblem;because引导的是一种原因状语从句翻译因此,我得保证合理膳食;并且正如我前面所说,合理膳食并不是一种问题,由于我母亲把我们照顾得很好pritain wasthefirstcountry inthe worldto havea free health care system paidthebv the government.解析本句的主干是“BHtain wasthefirstcountry inthe world...”;u tohaveafreehealthcaresystem”是动词不定式构造作定语,修饰前面的country;paid forthe bythegovernment”是过去分词构造作定语,修饰前面的system o翻译英国是世界上第一种拥有免费医疗系统的国家,整个医疗体系都是由政府资助的拓展非谓语作定语在写作中应用相称广泛,有时简朴的定语从句可以考虑使用非谓语来替代,这样可以使语言简洁地道,例如The boywhose nameis Tomis popularwith hisclassmates.The boynamed Tomispopularwithhisclassmates.TTiny seedoctors whowork forthemselves andpay thedoctors throughthe|insurance company解析本句的主干是“They seedoctors andpay thedoctors;who引导的是一种定语从句,修饰前面的doctors;through引导的是一种介词构造,表达方式翻译他们看自己的专属医生,并通过医疗保险企业进行支付
三、重点语法词的转化一名词用作动词含义词的转化(conversion)是英语构词法中的重要措施之一它指的是一种词不变化词形,而由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类本模块学习名词转化为动词的使用方法名词转化为动词是现代英语中很普遍的现象,同步也是转化构词中最活跃的一种人们常常把名词不加任何变化就当作动词使用使用方法诸多表达物件(如下1)、身体部位(如下2)、某类人(如下3)的名词可以用作动词来表达动作,某些抽象名词(如下4)也可作动词例如
1.Didyoubook aseat onthe plane你订好飞机座位了吗?
2.We setsail atdawn andheadedforNew York.我们在黎明起程,直驶纽约
3.She nursedher husbandback tohealth.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康
4.We lunchedtogether.我们在一起吃了午餐体会更多名词用作动词的例子,看你能精确地理解名词动词化后的词意吗?
1.Hes alwaysbossing hiswife about.
2.The escapedprisoner wascornered atlast.
3.Stop motheringher,shes30years oldand cantake careof herselfperfectly well.
4.People werestreaming outofthestation.
5.I didnot likethe wayhe eyedme.
6.Mr.Smith noonsfor halfan hourevery day.
7.He doesnthave allideas ofhisown.He justparrots whatother peoplesay.答案揭晓
1.boss around颐指气使;把…呼来唤去
2.corner将...逼入困境
3.mother像母亲一般地照顾
4.stream涌出;川流不息;蜂拥
5.eye看;定睛地看
6.noon午休
7.parrot学舌;盲目反复或模仿除了名词转化为动词外,尚有副词,连词等转化为动词,动词转化为名词,形容词副词等转化为名词如We downedour coffeeand left.我们喝完咖啡就离开了(down常为副词,意为“向下”,这里作动词,意为“喝下”)The oldinourvillage areliving ahappy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活(old常作形容词,这里作名词,the old意为“老人”)Lets goout fora walk.我们到外面去散散步吧(wak常作动词,这里用作名词,意为“散步”)We willtry ourbest tobetter ourliving conditions.我们要竭力改善我们的生活状况(better常作形容词,这里作动词,意为“改善”)与will be going to本单元学习will和be going to表达“将要”willbegoing to表将要临时决定提前计划,安排,打算表达推测,揣想根据直觉、经验或知识等根据观测到的迹象、证据等表达“将要”
1.一“Kate isin hospital/5—u0h,really,I didn*tknow.I willgo andsee herat once.(临时决定去看Kate)
2.一“Kate isin hospital/5一“Yes,I know.I amgoingtosee herthis afternoon.(提前已打算好去看Kate)拓展
1.推测,揣想I thinkit willbe rainytomorrow.我认为明天有雨Look atthe clouds;ifs goingtorain.看看这些云,又要下雨了
2.在“主将从现”中,一般用will,而不用begoingto例如I wontgo ifhe doesn,tcome.他不来,我就不去高中英语必修(外研版)2Unit2No drugs知识点总结、重点词汇词义辨析likely/possible/probable三者都可以表达“也许的,possible也许性最小,probable也许性最大,但使用方法不一样主语使用方法likely sb.be likely todosth.It islikely+人/物/itthat从句possible Itis possible for sb.todosth.itIt ispossible+that从句probable Itis probable+that从句it因此,“我们学英语时也许会出错”可以表述为We arelikelytomake mistakes when learning English.=lt islikely/possible/probable thatwe make mistakeswhen learningEnglish.=lt ispossibleforustomakemistakeswhenlearningEnglish.词义辨析:affect/effect/influence这些动词均含‘影响”之意,但在词性和意义上有差异词性意义affect重要指一时的影响vt.effectn.(可数或不可数)affect的名词形式,have aneffect on意为对…有影响influence vt.n.(一般不可数,但有时可连重要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响,have an用不定冠词)influence on意为对…有影响Both dietand exerciseaffect bloodpressure.饮食和运动都对血压有影响What youread hasaninfluenceon yourthinking.你读的东西对你的思想有影响词义辨析in orderto/so asto/in order that/so that均有“为了”的意思,但其使用方法和位置有不一样使用方法位置引导目的状语从句句首/句中in orderthat引导目的状语从句/成果状语从句句中so that与词/短语一起做目的状语句中so asto句首/句中in orderto因此,“为了实现梦想,他努力学习”可以表述为In orderto realize his dream,he worksvery hard.=He worksvery hard inorderto/so asto realizehis dream.=He workshardinorderthathe canrealizehisdream.=He workedhard sothathegot agood grade.缩小,减少reduce v.
1.reduce to...减少到
2.reduce by...减少了(减少的幅度)The newbridge shouldreduce travellingtime from50minutes to15minutes.这座新桥应当能将形成从五十分钟减少到十五分钟The workforcehas beenreduced byhalf.职工人数已减少二分之一拓展
1.decrease to/decrease by减少到.../减少了...
2.increase to/increase by增长到…/增长了…be addicted to sth./doingsth.对・・•上瘾We thinkhew川not beaddictedtocomputer gamesany longer.我们认为他不在会沉溺于电脑游戏破门而入break intoWhatwill youdo ifyou findyour housebroken into假如发既有人闯入你的房子,你会怎么办?听从某人的提议take onesadviceI decidedto takeyour advicethatIshould spendmore timestaying withmy parents.我听从了你的提议要多陪父母严禁某人做某事ban sb.from doingsth.Charlie hasbeen bannedfrom drivingfor halfa year.查理被禁驾六个月阅读必备词汇drug n.毒品,药物cancer n.癌症criminal n.罪才包illegal adj.违法的;不合法的treatment n.治疗;招待;看待horrible adj.令人不快的;及其讨厌的recognize/recognise vt.认出;承认distraction n.分心;分散注意力
二、重点句型Users whoinject thedrug arealso inmore dangerif theyshare needleswith解析本句的主干是“Users arealso inmore danger;who引导的是一种定语从句,修饰前面的users;if引导的是一种条件状语从句翻译假如吸毒的人和其他人共用针头的话,他们将会陷入更大的危险Participants learnto recognizesmoking triggersthings thatstart themsmokiry ndthey trytoset adate inthe futurewhen theywill stopsmoking.^^^^^^B。
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