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年联考英语试题XX MBA考生注意事项考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题
1..答题前，考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位、“考生编号”等信息填写清晰，2并与准考证上的一致全国工商管理硕士入学联考英语分为试题
（一）、试题
（二）
3.本试题为试题
（一）考生必须在规定的时间内作答
4..试题
（一）为听力部分该部分共有、、三节，所有答案都应填写或填涂在答题卡上5A BC
1、两节必须用蓝（黑）圆珠笔答题，注意字迹清晰节必须用铅笔按照答题卡上的规A BC2B定填涂，如要改动，必须用橡皮擦洁净听力考试进行时，考生应先将答案写或标识在试题上，然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的
6.5分钟内，将答案整洁地誉写或转涂到答题卡上仅写或标识在试题上不给分1答题卡严禁折叠，考试结束后，按监考人员指令交卷
7.Section IListening ComprehensionDirection:This sectionis designedto testyour abilityto understandspoken English.You willhear aselection ofrecorded materials andyou mustanswer thequestions accompanythem.There arethree partsin thissection,Part A,Part Band PartC.Remember,while you are doingthe test,you shouldfirst putdown your answers inyour test booklet.Atthe endof thelistening comprehensionsection,you willhave5minutes totransfer allyour answersfromyour testbooklet to ANSWER SHEET
1.Now lookat PartA inyour testbooklet.Part ADirection:For Questions1—5,you willhear atalk aboutBoston Museumof FineArts.While youlisten,fill outthetable with the informationyou haveheard.Some of the informationhas beengiven toyouSpinning Jennyin1770,Samuel ComptonsMule Spinnerin1779and EdmundCartwright\Power Loomin
1785.
51.The anecdoteabout Michael Faraday indicates thatA.politicians taxeverythingB.people areskeptical aboutthe valuesof pureresearchC.government shouldsupport scientistsD.he wasrejected byhis government
52.Management isdefined asA.the creatorof theIndustrial RevolutionB.supervising subordinatesC.the artof gettingthings doneD.an emerging profession
53.Management cameinto itsownA.in theEgyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firmsB.in Hannibalsfamous tripacross theAlpsC.in thedevelopment ofearly Christian ChurchD.in theeighteenth century
54.A problemof managementNOT mentionedin this passage isA.the problemof commandB.division oflaborC.control byauthorityD.competitionQuestions55to58are based on the following passage:By education,I meanthe influence of the environment upon the individualto producea permanent（轻易受影响change in the habitsof behavior,of thoughtand of attitude.It isin beingthus susceptible的）to the environment thatman differsfrom theanimals,and the higher animalsfrom thelower.Thelower animalsare influencedby theenvironment butnot in the directionof changing their habits.Their（遗传；继承）.instinctive responsesare fewand fixedby heredityWhen transferredto anunnaturalsituation,such ananimal isled astrayby itsinstincts.Thus theu ant-lionv whoseinstinct impliesit to bore（腹部），into loosesand bypushing backwardswith abdomengoes backwardson aplate ofglass assoonas dangerthreatens,and endeavors,with theutmost exertionstoboreinto it.It knowsno othermode offlight,or ifsuch alonely animalis engagedupon achain of actions andis interiupted,it eithergoes on（）vainly with the remainingactions asuseless ascultivating anunsown fieldor diesin helplessinactivity”.（堡垒）Thus anet-making spiderwhich digsa burrowand rimsit with a bastionof graveland bitsof wood,when removedfrom ahalf finishedhome,will notbegin again,though it will continueanother burrow,even onemade with a pencil.Advance in the scaleof evolution along suchlines asthese couldonly bemade by the emergenceofcreatures withmore and more complicatedinstincts.Such beingswe knowin the ants andspiders.Butanother lineof advancewas destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibilityof whichwe donot（see theend perhapseven inman.Habits,instead of being bornready-made when they arecalled instincts）and nothabits atall wereleft moreand moreto the formative influenceof theenvironment,of which themost importantfactor was the parentwho nowcared for the younganimal duringa periodof infancyinwhich vaguerinstincts thanthose of the insectswere moldedto suitsurroundings whichmight beconsiderablychanged withoutharm.This means,one mightat firstimagine,that graduallyheredity becomes less and environment moreimportant.But thisis hardlythe truthand certainlynot thewhole truth.For althoughfixed automaticresponseslike thoseof theinsect-like creaturesare nolonger inherited,although selectionfor purificationofthat sortis nolonger goingon,yet selectionfor educabilityis verydefinitely stillof importance.Theability to acquire habitscan beconceivably inheritedjust asmuch ascan definitere responsesto nairow（situations.Besides,since amechanism—is now,for the first time,created bywhichtheindividual in）contradiction to the speciescan befitted to theenvironment,the latterbecomes,in anothersense,lessnot more important.And finally,less notthehigheranimals whopossess thepower ofchangingtheir（海environment byengineering featsand thelike,a powerpossessed tosome extenteven by the beaver狸）,（卓越地）and preeminentlyby man.Environment andheredity arein nocase exclusivebut5always-supplementary factors.
55.Which of the followingis the most suitabletitle forthe passageA.The Evolutionof InsectsB.Environment andHeredityC.Education:The Influenceof theEnvironmentD.The Instincts of Animals
56.What can be inferredfrom the example of theant-lion in the firstparagraphA.Instinctsof animals canlead tounreasonable reactionsin strangesituations.B.When it is engagedin achain actionsit cannotbe interrupted.C.Environment andheredity aretwo supplementaryfactors in the evolution of insects.D.Along thelines ofevolution hereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmore important.
57.Based on theexampleprovided in the passage,we cantell that when aspider isremoved to a newpositionwhere half ofanet has been made,itwillprobably.A.begin acompletely newnetB.destroy thehalf-netC.spin the test of the netD.stay awayfrom thenet
58.Which of the followingis trueabout habitsaccording to the passageA.They arenatural endowmentsto livingcreaturesB.They aremore importantthan instinctsto allanimalsC.They aresubject to theformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.D.They aredestinedtoopenoutamuch morefar-reaching possibilityin theevolutionofhuman beings.Questions59to62are basedon the following passage:（疏远）One ofthe saddestthings aboutthe periodin whichwe liveis thegrowing estrangementbetweenAmerica andEurope.This may be asurprising discoveryto thosewho areover impressedby thespeedwith whichturbojets canhop fromNew Yorkto Paris.But toanyone whois awareof whatAmerica once（痛斥）meant toEnglish libertarianpoets andphilosophers,to theyoung Ibisesbitterly excoriatingEuropeanroyalty forthe murderof Lincoln,to Italiannovelists andpoets translatingthe nineteenthcenturyAmerican classicsas ademonstration againstFascism,there issomething particularlydisquietingin theway that the EuropeanLeft,historically pro-American,,because itidentified America withexpansive democracy,now punishesAmericawithEuropes lack of hopein thefuture.Although Americahas obviouslynot fulfilledthe visionaryhope entertainedfor itin theromantic heyday,（）Americans have,until recently,thought of themselves as an idea,apropositiorT inLincolns wordsetup forthe enlightenmentand theimprovement of mankind.Officially,we liveby ouroriginal principles;we insiston thisboastfully andeven inhumanly.And itis preciselythis steadfastnessto principlethat irks（使苦恼，使厌烦）Europeans whounder somany pressureshave hadto shiftand to change,tocompromise andto retreat.Historically,the obstinacyof Americas faith in“principles”has beenstaggering---------------------the（神圣）sacrament ofthe Constitution,the legacyoftheFounding Fathers,the moralrightness ofall ourpolicies,the invincibilityof ourfaithin the equalityand perfectibilityof man.From theEuropean pointofview,there issomething impossiblyromantic,visionary,and perfectibilityofman.From theEuropeanpoint ofview,there issomething impossiblyromantic,visionary,and finallyoutrageous aboutanattachment topolitical formulasthat aroseeven beforea Europeanrevolutionary democracywas bornofthe FrenchRevolution,and that have survivedall the socialist utopias and internationals.Americanshonestly insiston theequality ofmen even when theydeny thisequality in practice;they holdfast toromanticdoctrines ofperfectibility even when suchdoctrines contradicttheir actualor theirformalfaith——whether itbe asscientists or as orthodoxChristians.It isfact thatwhile Americansasapeople are notoriously empirical.Pragmatic,and unintellectual,they（陈日的语句）.live theirlives againsta backgroundof unalterablenational shibbolethsI Thesameabundance oftheory thatallowed WaltWhitman tofill outhis poetrywith philosophicalroad signsofAmerican optimismallows apresident to make piousreferences toGod as an Americantradition---------------references which,despite theirsomewhat mechanicalquality,arenotonly sincerebutwhich,to most Americans,express thereality ofAmerica.
59.The writeruses theexample ofIbises andothers tomaintain thatA.Europeans donot havethe properappreciation ofthe UnitedStatesB.Europeans havemade anotable shiftin attitude toward the United StatesC.American culturehasbeenrediscovered byEuropeansD.Europeans nolonger feelthat thereshould be an exchangeof ideaswith Americans
60.The writerstates that,until recently,Americans thoughtof theircountry asaA.source ofenlightenmentB.leader intechnological progressC.recipient ofEuropean heritageD.peacemaker
61.The authorstates thatAmerican democracyinpracticesometimes isin conflictwithA.theoretical notionsof equalityB.other politicalsystemsC.Europes bestinterestsD.Both Aand B
62.Which ofthefollowingwas NOT mentioned bythe authorasan American principleA.Equality ofman.B.Moral rightnessas Americanpolicy decisions.C.Mans capacityto becomeperfect.D.The inviolability（不可侵才E）oftheindividual sintegrity.Questions63to65are basedon thefollowing passage:The trulyincompetent maynever knowthe depthsof their own incompetence,a pairof socialpsychologistssaid onThursday.（同等人）“We foundagain and again thatpeople whoperform poorlyrelative to their peerstended tothinkthat theydid ratherwell.Justin Kruger,co-author ofa studyon thesubject,said in a telephoneinterview.一Kruger andco-author DavidDunning foundthatwhenit cametoavariety ofskills logical reasoning,（无能的；愚蠢的）grammar,even sense of humor——people whoessentially wereinept neverrealizedit,while thosewho hadsome abilitywere self-critical.It hadlittle to do withinnate modesty,Kruger said,but ratherwith acentral paradox:Incompetents lackthe basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically.Once theyget thoseskills,they knowwherethey stand,even ifthat is at thebottom,Americans andWestern Europeansespecially hadan unrealisticallysunny assessment of theirowncapabilities,Dunning saidby telephonein aseparate interview,while Japaneseand Koreanstended togivea reasonableassessmentof their performance.In certainareas,such asathletic performance,which（欺骗）,canbeeasily quantified,there isless self-delusion the researchers said.But evenin somecases（快乐地；快活地）in whichthe failureshould seemobvious,the perpetrator is blithelyunaware oftheproblem.This wasespecially truein theareas oflogical reasoning,where researchsubjects+students atCornellUniversity,where thetwo researcherswere based+often ratedthemselves highlyevenwhenthey flubbed（搞得一团糟）all questionsinareasoning test.Later,whenthestudents wereinstructed inlogicalreasoning,they scoredbetter ona testbut ratethemselves lower,having learnedwhat constitutedcompetence in this area.Grammar wasanother areain whichobjective knowledgewas helpfulin determiningcompetence,but themoresubjective areaof humorposed differentchallenges,theresearcherssaid.Participants wereasked torate howfunny certainjokes were,and comparetheir responseswith whatanexpert panelof comediansthought.On average,participants overestimated their senseof humor by about16percentage points.，This might be thoughtof asthe above-average effectthe notionthat mostAmericans wouldratethemselves as above average,a statisticalimpossibility.The researchersalso conductedpilot studiesof doctorsand gunenthusiasts.The doctorsoverestimatedhow well they had performed ona test of medical diagnoses and the gunfanciers thoughtthey knewmorethan they actually did about gun safety.So whoshould betrusted:The personwho admitsincompetence ofthe onewho showsconfidenceNeither,according toDunning.“you canttake themat theirword.Youve gotto takea lookat theirperformance JDunning added.
63.Why doincompetent peoplerarely knowthey areineptA.They aretoo ineptto knowwhat competenceisB.They arenot skillfulat logicalreasoning,grammar,and senseof humor.C.They lackthebasicskillstoevaluatetheirperformancerealistically.D.They havesome abilityto overcriticize themselves.
64.Which ofthefollowingstatement isNOT true,according tothe passageA.Students atCornell Universityoften ratedthemselves highlyevenwhenthey flubbedall questionsin areasoning test.B.Grammar wasan areain whichobjective knowledgewas helpfulin determiningcompetence.C.Participants inthetestestimatedtheirsenseofhumorbyabout16percentage points.D.Students scoredbetter ona logicalreasoningtestbut ratedthemselveslower.
65.What doyou knowabout above-average eflecf,basedon the passageA.Most Americansassess themselvesasaboveaverage.B.American doctorsoverestimated howwelltheyhadperformedonatestofmedicaldiagnoses.C.American gunenthusiasts thoughtthey knewmore thantheyactuallydidaboutgunsafety.D.All ofthe above.Part BDirections:Read thefollowing passagecarefully and then giveshort answerstothefive questions.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET
2.Both in America and Britain there is aneagerness on the part of TV executives toplay downtheimportance ofthe smallscreen,except.of course,if the field ofselling goods.This desireto minimizethesocialimpact of TV isperfectly natural.If itcould beconclusively provedthatthe electronicbox wasa majorfactor indetermining theattitudes andthe valuesofanation thentwoawkward questionswould haveto be answered.Is itright thata mediumthat hassuch influenceshould beprimarily concernedwiththeprovision ofentertainmentandtheadvertising ofgoodsAnd aneven moreembarrassing questionpeople mightask iswhether themen nowrunning TVhave theauthority.The understandingortheintelligence to be incontrol ofsuch avital partofthestate apparatus.Because itis disruptingand disturbinglife onalmost everylevel inAmerica andBritain,and becauseit islargelyIndulged inby whatmight bedescribed asthefirst“telly generation^,violence isthe activitythathas beenmost frequentlylinked withthe consequencesof TV.There areother evenmoreimportanttrends thatmightbestimulated orprovoked bythe programcontentof TV.The demoralizationof institutionslike thearmy,the church;the contemptfor authority,a healthyskepticismand awelcome permissiveness;an over-simplification ofcomplex issueswhich makesan选民electorate impatientwith apolitical processthat cannotsolve them.How muchis TVresponsibleAnd thatthese trendsare helpingtochangesociety ata unprecedentedrate canhardly bedenied.Because theimpact of these changesis relativelylong-term andnot easilypinpointed,there isa vastdepthof unconcernabout thesedevelopments.On violence,however,thereisan intuitivesuspicion that TV mighthave somethingto dowith it.yet themenrunning TVhave goneto considerablelengths toassure usthat weare undulyalarmed aboutnothing.，
66.In orderto avoidthe repetitionsoftheword“television whatother nounsdoes theauthor usePleaselist at least four.
67.Can youuse anotherword inthispassageto talethe placeof play down“in para.
168.Why areTVexecutivesinAmericaandBritaineager toplaydownthe importanceofTV
69.Why dopeople believethatTVhas somethingto dowith increasingviolence
70.What isthe authorsattitudetowardthe argumentover TVsinfluenceSection VTranslation10pointsDirections:In thissection thereisapassage inEnglish.Translate thefive sentencesunderlined intoChineseand writeyour translationon the ANSWER SHEET
2.Lange,multinational corporationsmay be the companieswhose upsand downsseize headlines.71Butto afar greaterextent thanmostAmericansrealize,the economysvitality dependson thefortunes oftinyshops andrestaurants,neighborhood servicesand arefactories.Small businesses,defined asthose withfewerthan100workers,now employ60percent ofthe workforceand expectedto generatehalf ofall newjobsbetween nowandtheyear2,
000.Some
1.2million smallforms haveopened their doors overthe past6years ofeconomic growth,and1989will seeanadditional200,000entrepreneurs strikingoff on theirown.Too manyofthesepioneers,however,will blazeahead unprepared.Idealists willoverestimate theclamorfor theirproducts orfail tofactor inthe competition.Nearly everyonewill underestimate,oftenfatally.the capitalthat successrequires.72Midcareer executives,forced bya takeoverorarestructuringto quitthe corporationand findanother wayto supportthemselves,may savorthe ideaofbeingtheir ownbossbut mayforget thatentrepreneurs mustalso,atleastfor awhile,be bookkeepersand receptionists,too.According toSamll BusinessAdministration data,24of every100businesses startingout todayarelikely todisappear intwo years,and27more willhave shuttheirdoorsfour years from now.By1995,more than60of those100start-ups,77percent ofthe companiessurveyed werestill alive.73Mostcredited theirsuccess inlarge partto havingpicked abusiness theyalready werecomfortable inEightypercent hadworked withthe sameproduct orservice in their lastjobs.Thinking throughan enterprisebefore thelaunch isobviously critical.But manyentrepreneurs forgetthata firmshealth inits infancymaybelittle indicationof howwell itwill age.you musttenderly monitoritspulse,intheirzeal,to expand.Small businessowners oftenignore earlywarning signsofastagnantmarket orof decayingprofitability.74They hopefullyfour moreandmoreinto theenterprise,preferring notto acknowledgeeroding profitmargins thatmeans themarket fortheir ingeniousservice orproducthas evaporated,or thatthey mustcut thepayroll orvacate theirlavish offices.Only whenthefinancial wellruns drydo theysee theseriousness ofthe illness,and bythen thepatient isusually toofargone tosave.Frequent checksof yourfirms vitalsigns willalso guideyou toa sensiblerate ofgrowth.75To snatchopportunity,you mustspot thesignals thatitistime toconquer thenew markets,add productsor perhapsfranchiseyour hotideas.
76.Directions:In thissection,youareasked towrite acomposition entitledwhat isMore Important,Wealth ofHealth Yourcomposition shouldbe basedon theoutline givenbelow.You compositionshouldbe about120words.Remember towrite clearlyon theANSWER SHEET
2.Outline:有人认为财富比健康重要L,有人认为健康比财富重要
2.你的见解3inthetable.Write only1word ornumber ineach numberedbox.You willhear therecording twice.Younow have25seconds toread thetable below.5pointsBoston Museumof FineArtsF oundedyear1870Opened tothe publicyear1Moved tothe currentlocation year1909The westwing completedyear2Number ofdepartments9The mostremarkable department3Exhibition spacem24Approximate numberof visitors/year800,000Programs providedClassesLectures5filmsPart BDirections:For Questions6—10,you willhear aninterview with an experton marriageproblems.While youlisten,complete thesentences oranswer thequestions.Use notmore than3words foreachanswer.You willhear therecording twice.You nowhave25seconds toread thesentences andquestionsbelow.5pointsWhat shouldbetheprimary sourceof hdpfor atroubled6couplecouple discussthem.7Writing downa listof problemsinthemamage mayhdp atroubledWho shoulda coupleconsider senouslyturning toif they cant talkwitheack other8Priests areusually unsuccessfulin counselingtroubled couplesdespitetheir.9According tothe oldnotion,what willmake heartsgrow fonder10Part CDirections:You willhear threepieces ofrecordedmaterial.Before listeningto eachone,you willhave timeto readthequestions relatedto it.While listening,answer eachquestion bychoosing A,B,C orD.Afterlistening,you willhave timeto checkyour answers.You willhear eachpiece onceonly.10pointsQuestions11-13are basedonthefollowing talkabout napping.You nowhave15seconds toreadQuestions11—
13.
11.Children underfive have abundant energypartly becausetheyA.sleep inthree distinctparts.B.have manyfive-minute naps.C.sleep inone longblock.D.take oneor twonaps daily.
12.According tothe speaker,the sleeppattern ofa babyis determinedbyA.its genes.B.its habit.C.its mentalstate.D.its physicalcondition.
13.The talksuggests that,if youfeel sleepythrough theday,you shouldA.take somerefreshments.B.go tobed early.C.havealong rest.D.give into sleep.Questions14—16are basedonthefollowing interviewwith Sherman Alexie,anAmericanIndian poet.You nowhave15seconds toread Questions14—
16.
14.Why didShermanAlexieonly takeday jobs.A.He couldbring unfinishedwork home.B.He mighthave timeto pursuehis interests.C.He mightdo someevening teaching.D.He couldinvest moreemotion inhis family.
15.What washis originalgoal atcollegeA.To teachin highschool.B.To writehis ownbooks.C.To bea medicaldoctor.D.To bea mathematician.
16.Why didhe takethe poetry-writing classA.To followhis father.B.For aneasy grade.C.To changehis specialty.D.For knowledgeof poetry.Questions17_20are basedonthefollowing talkabout publicspeaking:You nowhave20seconds toreadQuestions17—
20.
17.What isthemostimport thingin publicspeakingA.ConfidcnccB.Preparation.C.Informativeness.D.Organization.
18.What doesthe speakeradvise ustodoto capturethe audiencesattentionA.Gather abundantdata.B.Organize theideas logically.C.Develop agreat opening.D.Select appropriatematerials.
19.If youdont start working forthe presentationuntil theday before,you willfeelA.uneasy.B.uncertain.C.frustrated.D.depressed.
20.Who isthis speechmost probablymeant forA.Those interestedinthepower ofpersuasion.B.Those tryingto improve*their publicimages.C.Those planningto takeup somepublic work.D.Those eagerto becomeeffective speakers.You nowhave5minutes totransfer allyouranswersfrom yourtestbooklettoANSWER SHEET
1.E.ction iiVocabulary andStructure10pointsDirections:There are20incomplete sentencesinthissection.For eachsentence there are four choicesmarked A,B,C and D.Choose theONE answerthat bestcompletes thesentence.Then blackenthecorresponding letter ontheANSWERSHEET1with apencil.
21.Long longago,most forestershave beenmen,but today,a numberof womenthis fieldis climbing.
22.The banknoOteswhich hadfooled manybank tellerswere discoveredto beA.artificial B.genuene C.counterfeit D.faulty
23.Without awhole heartedtoakeen forward-looking visionandadeep insight,you cnnotbealeader.A.determination B.resolution C.commitment D.obligation
24.All transactionsare strictly,and wenever sell,rent ortrade anycustomer sname.A.considerable B.confident C.considerate D.confidential
25.Big businessesenjoy certainthat smallerones donot have.A.transactions B.privileges C.subsidies D.substitutes
26.Your kindnessin givingtotheconsideration ofthe aboveproblem villbe highlyappreciated.A.importance B.advantage C.priority D.authority
27.The borderincident ledtothetwo countriestheir diplomaticrelations.A.breaking outB.breaking inC.breaking throughD.breaking off
28.1meant tosound confidentattheinterview butTmafraid Ias self-assertive.A.got inB.got overC.got offD.got out
29.John plannedto takepart inthe competitionbut hadto onaccount ofthe caraccident.A.drop outB.hold outC.get outD.run out
30.He doesntworkbut hegets agood fromhis investment.A.subsidy B.income C.earning D.salary
31.can helpbut befascinated bythe worldinto whichhe istaken bythe sciencefiction.A.Anybody B.Nobody C.Somebody D.Everybody
32.Anyone withhalf aneye onthe unemploymentfigures knewthay theassertion abouteconomicrecovery justaround thecomer wasuntrue.A.was B.being C.would beD.tobe
33.Oceans continuallylose byevaporating muchoftheriver waterinto them.A.to constantlyflow B.be constantly flowing C.constantly flowsD.constantlyflowing
34.The resulthas turnedstill worsethan it.A.would otherwisehave beenB.would beotherwiseC.had otherwisebeen D.has otherwisebenn
35.There isno reasonthey shouldlimit howmuch vitaminyou take,theycanlimit howmuch wateryoudrink.A.muchmore than B.no morethan C.no lessthan D.any morethan
36.He toldus howhe dealtwiththeself-interest ofdifferent countriesto bringthem intoa kindofinternational accord.everyone seemedto benefit.A.where B.what C.that D.which
37.We hopethe measuresto controlprices takenbythegovernment willsucceed.A.when B.as C.since D.after
38.The costsof distributionand salesmake upa largepartofprices that.A.all productsare paidfor B.are paidfor all productsC.all productspaid D.for whichallproductspaid
39.So quicklyare scienceand technologyadvancing isa possibilitytoday maybea reality tomorrow.A.that B.what C.that whichD.that what
40.It isstill Richard,s ambitionto studymedicine,someday,tomakearealcontribution tothefieldofscience.（）Section IIICloze5pointsDirections:For eachnumbered blankinthefollowing passage,there arefourchoicesmarked A,B,C,andD.Choose thebest oneand markyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET
1.Each year,hundreds ofthousands ofpeople dieform heart attack,a leadingcause ofdeath.In theLandmarkPhysicians,Health Studyat HarvardUniversity intheUnitedStates inthe late1980s,aresearch teamled byDr.Heinekens studied22,701healthy malephysicians,halfofwhom wererandomly41to takean aspirinevery otherday whilethe otherstook placebos（安慰齐1J）.After theparticipantshad been42for anaverage offive years,the doctorsintheaspirin groupwere foundto havesuffered44percent fewerfirst heart attacks.43,a recentinternational studyindicatesthataspirin canbe（冠动脉）beneficial forthose peoplewithahistory ofcoronary arterybypass surgery,44oftheirsex,ageor whetherthey havehigh bloodpressure ordiabetes.According toa reportbytheAmerican HeartAssociation.Doctors shouldconsider prescribing（45aspirin formiddle-aged peoplewithafamily history of,or46for,heart disease.Risk factorsinclude）smoking,being morethan20percent overweight,high bloodpressure andlackofexercise.Aspirin isalso alifesaver duringheartattacks.Paramedics nowgive itroutinely,and expertsurge anyonewithchest pain,47if itspreads tothe neck,shoulder oran arm,orisaccompanied bysweating,nausea（恶心），light/headedness andbreathing difficultyto chewand48an aspirintablet immediately.When takingaspirin forheartattack,49the plain,uncoated variety.For evenfaster absorption,crush andmixwithalittle water.Speed ofabsorption iscritical becausemost heartattack deathsoccur50the firstfewhours afterchest painstrikes.
41.A.expected B.demanded C.assigned D.advised
42.A.followed B.examined C.monitored D.experienced
43.A.Meanwhile B.Above allC.However D.In addition
44.A.in spiteB.regardless C.careless D.whatever
45.A.low-does B.high-amount C.more D.right
46.A.ready B.at riskC.maybe D.in danger
48.A.eat B.swallow C.digest D.assimilate
49.A.choose B.use C.hold outD.pick out
50.A.for B.along C.within D.exceptSection IVReading Comprehension40pointsPart ADirections:There are4passages inthis part.Each passageis followedby somequestions orunfinishedstatements.For eachofthemtherearefor choicesmarked A,B,C,andD.You shoulddecide onthe bestchoiceand blackenthe correspondingletterontheANSWERSHEET1whit apencil.Questions51to54are basedonthefollowing passage:A littlemorethana centuryago,MichaelFaraday,the notedBritish physicist,managed togain audiencewitha groupof highgovernment officials,to demonstratean electro-chemical principle,inthehope ofgainingsupport forhis work.After observingthe demonstrationsclosely,one ofthe officialsremarked bluntly,Its afascinatingdemonstration,young man,but justwhat practicalapplication willcome ofthis”“I dontknow,“replied Faraday,but Ido knowthat100yearsfromnow youllbe taxingthem.^^From thedemonstration ofa principletothemarketing ofproducts derivedfrom thatprinciple isoften along,involved seriesof steps.The speedand effectivenesswith whichthese stepsart takenare closelyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,the artof gettingthings done.Just asmanagement appliesto thewondersthathaveevolved fromFaraday andother inventors,so itapplied some4,000years agoto theworkingofthegreat EgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms...to Hannibalsremarkablefeat ofcrossing theAlps in218B.C.with90,000foot soldiers,12,000horsemen anda conveyorbelt”of40elephants...or tothe earlyChristianChurch,with itsworld-shaking conceptsof individualfreedomand equality.These ancientinnovators weredeeply involvedintheproblems ofauthority,divisions oflabor,discipline,unity ofcommand,clarity ofdirection andthe otherbasic factorsthat areso meaningfulto managementtoday.But thereal impetusto managementasanemergingprofessionwastheIndustrial Revolution.Originating in18-century England,it wastriggered bya seriesof classicinventions andnew processes;among themJohn Kaysflying Shuttlein
1733.James Hargroves。
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