2023年高中英语定语从句知识点难点与考点解析

高中英语语法重点难点回忆一一定语从句用来阐明主句中某一名词或代词有时也可阐明整个主句或主句中一部分而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句

一、关系代词引导的定语从句句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句

1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物日勺名词或代词替代人替代物替代人或物主语Who whichthat主语Whom whichthat宾语Whose=of whomwhose=of which例1:This isthe detectivewho camefrom London.例2The bookwhich Iam readingis writtenby TomasHardy.例3The deskwhose legis brokenis veryold.例4This isthe roomthat Shakespearewas bomin.

2.关系代词的使用方法1假如先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that,不用whicho例如All the people thatare presentburst intotears.2假如先等词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,veiy等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who,或whom例如3非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的J关系代词也不能省略例如There areabout sevenmillion peopletaking partin theelection,most ofwhom arewell educated.4which尚有一种特殊使用方法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，替代主句所示H勺整体概念或部分概念在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数状况下意思是与and this相似，并可以指人例如He succeededin theconpetition,which madehis parentsvery happy.5that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，指人作主语时多用who仅用于限制性定语从句中6which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特性.品性或才能的人Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性日勺7假如作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中日勺各个组员，则用who8先行词有两个，一种指人，一种指物，关系代词应当用that例如The boyand thedog thatare in the pictureare verylovely.9假如先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应当用who或whom,不用whicho例如Is thereanyone herewho willgo withyou

3.“介词+关系代词”是一种普遍使用H勺构造1“介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句“介词+关系代词“构造中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to at,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用thato2from where为“介词+关系副词“构造，但也可以引导定语从句例如We stoodat thetop ofthe hill,from wherewe can see thetown..3像listen to,look at,depend on,pay attentionto,take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不适宜将介词与动词分开例如This isthe boywhom shehas takencareof

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表达时间.地点或原因关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语

2.that可引导定语从句表达时间.地点或原因That有时可以替代关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表达时间.地点或原因，在that引导的I这种定语从句中，that也可以省去

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.两者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导非限制性定语从句仅作补充或阐明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导

2.关系代词和关系副词日勺选择根据1弄清替代先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词

3.先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别日勺成分，构成先行词与定语从句日勺隔离例如He wasthe onlyperson inthis countrywho wasinvitedo

四、As在定语从句中的使用方法

1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1as多与such或the same连用，可以替代先行词是人或物区J名词2as也可单独使用，引导非The elephanfsnose islike asnake,as anybodycansee.限制性定语从句，作用相称于which例如3the same...that与the same…as在意思上是不一样的J

2.As引导日勺非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面.中间或背面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后例如1As isexpected,the Englandteam wonthe footballmatch.2The earthruns around the sun,as is known byeveryone.

五、定语从句学习轻易出错时几方面

1、在定语从句中加了多出的或缺乏宾语成分Some ofthe boysI invitedthe didntcome.She toldthe wrongshad beendone toher bythe boss.

2、把定语从句的I主谓一致问题Those whohas finishedmay gonow.

3、当先行词为表达时间、地点的名词时，分不清关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分Is thisthe schoolwhere Mr.White visitedlast month

4、分不清限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句The naughtyboy oftenknocked atthe Wangs*door,that madethe fomilyunhappy.

5、与强调句混淆It wasintheafternoon whenI sawhim inthe park.应当为It wasin thatafternoon thatI sawhim inthe park.

6、忽视只能用that,不能用which的J状况We shoulddo allwhich isuseftil tothepeople.经典高考英语陷阱题详解•定语从句

1.The factorywas builtin asecret place,around high mountains.A.which was B.it wasC.which wereD.them were

2.A manwith ableeding handhurried inand asked,Is therea hospitalaround Ican getsome medicinefor mywounded handA.that B.which C.where D.what

3.is knownto everybody,the moon travels roundthe earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What

4.David is such a good boy all the teachers like.A.that B.who C.as D.whom

5.The buses,most ofwere alreadyfall,were surroundedby anangry crowd.A.that B.it C.them D.which

6.He hadthousands ofstudents,many ofgained great success in their own field.A.whom B.them C.which D.who

7.He hada lotof friends,only afew ofinvited tohis wedding.A.whom B.them C.which D.who

8.On Sundaysthere werea lotof childrenplaying inthe park,parents seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that

9.If theman isonly interestedin yourlooks,just showshow shallowhe is.A.asB.which C.what D.that

10.She says that shell never forget the time she*s spentworking asa secretaryin ourcompany.A.which B.when C.how D.where答案1-5CCBCD6-10ABAD A解析

1.【陷阱】轻易误选A或B,将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子H勺主语【分析】最佳答案是C,around which were highmountains是一种由“介词+which”引出H勺非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是highmountains,around which是表语，因此句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数was.

2.【陷阱】轻易误选B,认为around是介词，选which用以替代前面日勺名词hospital,在此用作介词around的I宾语【分析】最佳答案为Co以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句日勺意思即为有无这样一种医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，由于人们一般是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤此题选C日勺理由是句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为”在附近“；其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为附近有无一家医院，我可以去治我日勺手伤？

3.【陷阱】轻易误选A,认为此处应填一种形式主语【分析】最佳答案是Bo as引导的是一种非限制性定语从句比较下面一题isknownto everybodythat themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It B.As C.That D.What此题答案选A,it为形式主语，真正H勺主语是背面的that从句

4.【陷阱】此题轻易误选A,许多同学一看到题干中的such,再联络到选项中H勺that,便认为这是考察such...that...句式况且，这样理解意思也还通顺【分析】最佳答案为C,不是A,由于在such...that...（如此……以至……）构造中，that引导H勺是成果状语从句，并且that在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such...that句末的动词like缺宾语选C的理由如下as用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前H勺名词boy,同步as在定语从句中用作动词like的宾语，句意为”所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩二有的同学也许还会问，假若选A,能否将其后的I that视为引导定语从句欧I关系代词呢？不能，由于当先行词受到such日勺修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，而不用that,比较下面一题，答案为A,由于like后有自己日勺宾语him Davidissuchagoodboyalltheteacherslike him.A.that B.who C.as D.whom

5.【陷阱】轻易误选C,用them代指the buses.【分析】最佳答案是Dmost ofwhichwerealready full为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses

6.【陷阱】轻易误选B,用them代指students.【分析】最佳答案是A,many ofwhom gainedgreatsuccessintheirownfield为非限制性定语从句假若在many of...的前面加上连词and,则选答案B

7.【陷阱】轻易误选A,认为这是非限制性定语从句【分析】最佳答案是B,这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一种独立主格构造，由于空格后的I动词invited并不是一种完整的谓语，而是一种过去分词当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were,则是一种非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.

8.【陷阱】轻易误选B,认为这是非限制性定语从句【分析】最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parentsseated together joking不是非限制性定语从句，而是一种独立主格构造，由于空格后日勺动词seated不是谓语，而是一种过去分词，由于seat作动词用时，是及物动词比较如下相似题1On Sundaysthere werea lotof childrenplaying inthe park,parents were seatedtogether joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that选B.whose parents were seatedtogether joking为非限制性定语从句，由于其后有完整欧I谓语were seated.2On Sundaysthere werea lotof childrenplaying inthe park,and parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that选A.由于句中有并列连词and,整个句子为并列句3On Sundaysthere werea lotof childrenplaying inthe park,parents sitting together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that选A.their parentssitting togetherjoking为独立主格构造4On Sundaysthere werea lotof childrenplaying inthe park,parents sat togetherjoking.A.their B.whose C.which D.thatB.whose parentssattogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，由于句中有完整『、J谓语sat.5On Sundaysthere werea lotof childrenplaying inthe park,parentswere sittingtogetherjoking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that选B.whose parentswere sittingtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，由于句中有完整的谓语weresitting.

9.【陷阱】轻易误选A或B,误这是非限制性定语从句【分析】对欧I答案为D,注意逗号前是一种条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that在此代表前文所述的状况，用作主句的主语

10.【陷阱】轻易误选B,机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when,地点名词后用关系副词where.【分析】对日勺答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后与否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词上面一题中的动词spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that,比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺乏主语或宾语，因此选关系副词when Shesaysthatshellneverforgetthetimesheworks asa secretaryin ourcompany.A.which B.when C.how D.where请再做一题Our companywill moveto atall buildingwe workedtwo yearsago.A.where B.when C.that D.which。