2025年核心名词用法精讲与实战演练

名词使用方法归纳March16,一.名词的分类名词分为专有名词和一般名词专有名词人名，地名，机构等名称如一Tom,Shanghai,Beijing University般名词某类人或东西中的个体如boy,dog,country集体名词若干个体构成的集合体如family,team,police物质名词无法分为个体的实物如air,water,food抽象名词动作,状态,感情等抽象概念如progress,health,fun注意一般名词和集体名词可数物质名词和抽象名词不可数二.名词的数可数名词均有单数和复数之分规则的可数名词的复数变化规则

1.一般状况加如1s books,mouths,houses以结尾的加如2s,sh,ch,x esclasses,boxes,matches{0stomachs辅音字母结尾的变为如3+y yieso cities,countries,parties以结尾的词多数+如4o eSoheroes,tomatoes,potatoes,zeroes/zeros以结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母如o+So radios,zoos,bamboos但pianos,kilos,photos以结尾的多数+如5f,fe eSoleaves,lives,wolvesThe thiefswife killedthree wolveswith someleaves andknives inhalf ofher life.但也有某些+So:roofs,proofs,gulfs,beliefshandkerchiefs/handkerchieves特殊变化的名词6foot-feet tooth---teethgoose-geese ox——oxenchild---children mouse-miceman/woman-men/women名词词尾的读音规则

2.）在［］［］［］［］等清辅音后读［］如1p tk fs cups,cakes,roofs）在回［］由［由等音后读［］如2z izglasses,faces,roses）在其他状况下读作口如3beds,days,knives）以结尾的词本来读清辅音，加词尾后多数读浊辅音4th如:mouth-mouths,path-paths但也有不变化的，如一一一month months,ninth ninths,youth youths（但）houses不规则的可数名词的变化规则

3.）一1man—men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot-feet,child—children,mousemice,goose-geese,ox-oxen）单复数相似等如表2sheep,fish,deer,means,Chinese,Japanese,works,fish达不一样种类的鱼时复数是如fishes Thereare manykinds offishes inthatlake.）以修饰名词构成合成词时，两个词都变化一3man,woman manservant men（但）servants.boy/girl studentswoman doctor—women doctors..复合名词的复数形式4一一主体名词变化son-in-law sons-in-law,looker-on lookers-on一一没有主体名词，词尾加复数film-goer film-goers,grown-up grown-ups.字母，阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加飞或5sThere aretwo Vsin theword“allYour7s and9s lookalike.It happenedin the1960s/1960s.I willnot acceptyour ifsand buts.物质名词一般没有复数，有时用复数形式表达不一样种类

6.wheats,foods,fruits,vegetables有时表达比原文更广的词义wood—woods,water-waters,sand—sands,manner-manners抽象名词一般不可数；不过假如表达某一详细的状况，或多种各样的也有可

7.数名词的使用方法He jumpedwith joy.My childrenare agreat joyto me.定冠词加姓氏的复数表达一家人

8.theTurners,the Smiths,the Wangs集体名词总是作复数

9.people,police,cattle（作民族、种族时，有单复数两种形式）peopleMany cattleare kepton thefarm.Several policewere onduty.The Chineseare abrave andhard-working people.The Englishare afunny people.集体名词等单复数均

10.class,public,family,population,team,crew,committee有，但意义不一样The classis big.The classare takingnotes inEnglish.（前者看作整体，后者强调每一种人）The population in Chinais larger.（同上）80%of thepopulationinChina arepeasants.一般作单数，表达总体

11.hair,fruitHis hairis grey.They havea richharvest offruit almostevery year.假如表达若干根头发，表达种类的水果时，可以加复数词尾.他有几根白发He hada fewwhite hairs这个季节有水果销售吗？Are fruitson salein thisseason以结尾的学科名词只作单数

12.s等mathematics physics,politics,9等常用复数；但假如这些词前用

13.glasses,trousers,scissors,shoes,spectacles,a…等修饰时谓语动词由来决定pair of.../this pairof.../that pairof pairWhereare myglasses Mynew pairof trousersis toolong.Here aresome newpairs ofshoes.不可数名词没有复数形式，常考的不可数名词有

14.progress,advice,fun,practice,news,information,knowledge,weather,equipment,furniture,clothing,jewellery,luggage,baggage,food,bread,nature,space...假如表达“一种”的概念，可用单位词a pieceof news/information/advice/bread/cake/paper/meat/coal/equipment/furniturea bottleof ink,a grainof rice,a cakeof soap抽象名词详细化可加不定冠词，如a pleasure,a surprise,a help,a success,afailure,a shock,a pity,a shame,a joy,a sorrow,a difficulty,a trouble名词作定语

15.）表达用途咖啡杯1a coffeecup烟草企业a tobaccocompanya vegetablegarden）表达材料石桥2a stonebridge纸币paper money钻石项链a diamondnecklace）表达时间或地点寒假3winter holiday晨报morning paper市民city people）表达类另4U ashoe shop,street lights,seat belts,a telephonenumber,water水污染，体温，体温pollution bodytemperature weightproblem）表达身份5a woman doctor,a boystudent注意名词作定语常用单数但shoe shop,college students,basketball match随即边名词变化man/woman awomandoctor,two womendoctorsa mandoctor,two mendoctors）有些只用复数做定语6a sportsmeeting,a goodstraina salesmanager,a customsofficer三.名词的所有格:有生命的名词所有格的构成

1.）——般在词尾加1s theteacher^office,todays newspaper2）以s结尾的复数名词只加workers5rest homes工人疗养所the masses5request群众的祈求）不以结尾的复数名词加3s childrenstoys）复合名词只在最终一种词的背面加4s mysister-in-law^brother）表达共同所有的几种名词，只在最终一种词的背面加5This isTom,Bob andDicks room.）表达各个所有关系的几种名词，在每个名词后分别加七6at Mr.Greens,at myuncles,at thetailorsJennys,Jeans andMarys roomsface to the south.）名词短语只在最终一种词后加，7sa quarterof an hours talk,a tenminutes drive,a fourdays holiday名词所有格的使用方法

2.）名词所有格重要用于表达有生命的名词，表达所属关系1Lei Fengsdairy劳感人民文化宫the WorkingPeoples Palaceof Culture）也可用于表达时间的名词2todays paper,anhoursdrive,Fridays work）也可用于表达地理、国家、都市等名词3the countrysplan,the farmsfruit,Chinas population）也可用于表达由人构成的集体名词4我党的立场our partysstand）也可用于表达度量、价值的名词5two dollars5worth ofbooks,a poundsweight凡不能用飞属格的状况，可用属格表达所属关系

3.ofthe Cityof NewYork,a mapof China尤其是下列状况要用属格of）当名词有较长的定语时，如1the nameof thegirl standingat thegateHave youread thearticles of the studentswho werewith usyesterday）所修饰的名词前有数量词时，如2a playof ComradeLis,some friendsof mybrothers）所修饰的名词前有一种指示代词时，如3that performanceoftheteachers9双重所有格

4.当前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词，如f a,等修an,this,that,these,those,two,three,four,any,some,several,no,few,another饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表达人的名词并且都是特指的a poemof LuXunsa friendof/mine/his/herssome friendsof mybrothers5Which novelof Dickensare youreading几种特殊状况

5.the keyto thedoor练习的答案keys to the exercises课文注释notes tothe textanswerstothequestiontickets forthe film//movie美元的支票a checkfor$1500,1500anyone elsesbook人民英雄纪念碑the monumenttothepeopled heroestheentrance tothe station/Zcinema（在现代英语中属格大都可用所有格替代）Of‘S********。