2025年中国传统文化英译技巧与四级考试策略

中国文字The ChineseCharacter中文的演变The Evolutionof ChineseCharactersThe charactersof Chineseused byChinese peoplecany afull loadof thousandsof yearshistory ofChina（承载了中国几千的历时.With smallchanges ofin writingmethods sinceancient times,theyare usedin alldialects as the commonwritten characters.Therefore,the Chinesecharacters haveployedcm extremelyimportant rolein theinheritcmce of Chinese civilization（中文在历史上对中华文明的传承起到了十分重要的作用）.中文的来源The Originof ChineseCharactersIn legend,there was a figurein remoteant/qu/ty（上古时期）named CangJie and it washe,as theleqendqoes,w/hod createdthe Chinesechorocters accordinqto theshapes of all thinqs.So hehasthe titleof Saqeof Charactercreat/oc（造字圣人）as latergeneration addressedhim.Nevertheless,it isimprobable forccy sinqleperson tocreate ccomplicated charactersystem atone time.Thecharacters areactually developedby manypeople qraduallyin thelonq processof invention,accumulation,and evolution.（［］宣传＞普及）Standardization andPromulgation.promAFgeJanof中文的规范与传播Chinese CharactersAtpresent time,the Chineselanguage hastwo systemsof standardcharacters inuse,namely,thesimplified charactersand theoriqinal complexcharacters（简体字和繁体字）.Theformer isused inmainlandChina,Singapore andChinese communitiesin SoutheastAsia;while thelatter isused inTaiwan,Honq Konq,Macao of China,cmd alsoin Chinesecircles ofNorth America.简化中文The SimplifiedChinese CharactersAfterthe foundinqof thePeoples RepublicofChina,the Chinesegovernment establisheda specialinstitutionfor thework ofsimplifyinq Chinesecharacters cmdpopularizinq putonqhua（一般话the）commonly spokenChinese.The simplificationofChinesecharacters involvessimplifying someofthe strokeson thebasis of traditional characters,thus formingthe simplifiedones easyto write.Andthe correspondinqtraditional onesare calledcomplex characters.（）北京语言大学Beijing Languageand CultureUniversity BLCUBLCUis aninternational universityin Chinawith itsmain taskset atrecruiting studentsabroad,teachinq Chineselanquaqe cmdpopularizinq the Chinese culture.Meanwhile italso undertakesthetasks ofprovidinq traininqcourses forteachers specializinqin teachinqChinese as a foreignIcmquacie,and offeringpreparatory troininqto candidatesintendinq toqo abroad（以招收国外留学生为主的国际型大学，重要进行汉语和中华文化的传播和教学工作，同步承担着培养对外汉语教师以及出国预备人员的培训工作）.A greatnumber offoreign studentscome to theuniversity to study everyyear.孔子学院Confucius InstitutesConfuciuswasawell-known qreatthinker cmdeducationist in Chinese history.The institutes（orschools）named afterhim areschools of commonweal（公众福利）for thepopularization ofChineseIcmquaqe andculture in the wholeworld（以孑L子命名的学院或学堂是在全世界推广汉语、传播中国语言文化的社会性公益学校｝,and theirheadquarters islocated inBeijinq.In theyear of,the firstConfucius institutewas foundedin Seoulof ROK.赛龙舟Dragon BoatRacingThe dragonboat ismade ofwood,with mythicaldragon headand dragontail decorationson it.Draqon bootracinq oriqinallyshowed peopleswish torescue QuYuan（屈原）fromdrowninq,andqradually becomea popularcompetitive masssport（赛龙舟最初是体现屈原投江后，人们寻救他的迫切心情，后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动）.吃粽子Eating ZongziLegendhas itthat inorder tokeep the fish owoyfrom eatinqQu Yuansbody peoplewould throwricewrapped inbamboo/reed[ri:d（]芦苇）leaves into the woterto feedthefish.Thats howthe tradition粽子（）of eatingzongzi ricedumplings wrapped in leavesaround theDragon BoatFestival started.A（粽子）（粽子外形为三角形或zongzi is usually madein theshape ofa triangularor squarelump四角形）,wrappedinlarqe bambooleaves.The ingredientsare most/y qlutinousrice,beans,Chinesedates,/pork.挂艾蒿Hanging MoxaMoxaleaves arehung infront ofevery householdduring theDragon BoatFestival inorder toexpe/fikspd]（驱逐）evil spirits and torelieve peoplesinternal heator fever（驱牙B角军毒）.Thesweet scentof theherb,however,can alsorepel fliesand mosquitoes,and purifythe airaround thehouse.中秋节The MoonFestivalThe MoonFestival orthe Mid-autumn Festivalfalls/the15tli of the eiqhthmonth of the ChineseLunaryear.It is also called the Festivalof FamilyReunion团圆节,as thefull moonaround thattimevery wellsymbolizes harvestsand reunion.It isa time for familymembers toget togetherandsai/ou/jseivs]尽情享有moon cakesas they admire thefull moon.月饼The MoonCake团圆饼The Cakeof Reunionis anothername for the moon cakes.Made bywheat flourdough andstuffedwith awide variety,sweet orsalty,mooncakesare boththe must-eat foodand majorqiftitems aroundthe MoonFestival（月饼是中秋节人们互赠的重要礼品，也是节日的重要食品）.重阳节The DoubleNinth FestivalChongyang重口口一the DoubleNinth Festival,also known as theSenior CitizensDay老人节，is onthe ninth of theninth lunar month.As“nine isreqarded asa numberof the力（positive厂masculineby natureinChinese philosophy）,two“nines togethermakes aChonqycmci,or Double迎g（中国古人把九称为阳数，阳在中国哲学中属阳性，代表男性阳刚特质，因此九月九叫做重阳）.On this菊花day,people willgo climbingmountains,drinking,and admiringchrysanthemum[krisaenQamam]flowers.More importantly,itsatimeforchildren tosKow sometender lovinqcare to the seniorsor tofilial[fill ol]piety[pa Iati]for their parents.（filial peity孝顺，孝心）登高避灾Climbing theHeights toKeep AwayTroublesThe DoubleNinth Festivalis inautumn,when marriedwomec aresupposed toobserve theritual ofvisitinqtheirparentsand takingthem todo somemountain-climbing,so that they couldenjoy theseasonalbeauty together.赏菊Appreciating theChrysanthemumsThe chrysanthemumsare infull blossomat thistime of the vec,and theqreot variety of theflower haslonqbeen theobject ofadmiration forthe Chinese（品种繁多的菊花在秋日盛开，欣赏菊花是流传已久的节日风俗）.祭海神Offering Sacrificestothe Goddess of the Sea妈祖The ninthof theninthlunarmonth happensto bethe daywhen Mozu,theGoddessoftheSeo,ascended tothe heaven.Grand ceremoniesare heldfor heron theday in Chinas coastalcitiesincluding theTaiwan Region.The Godof Longevity[londsevati]寿星老the quardicmof lonqdife长寿的保护神中国茶Chinese TeaInChina,tea-drinking ispart ofthe Chineseculture:Tea Culture.Tb drinktea isnot川yaway oflife,it isalso ccustom（品茗不仅是人们生活中的一种习惯，也是待客的一种习俗）.Teahouses wheretea-drinkers couldalso socializeand entertain themselves areall over the country.Tea・sauteinq（炒茶）,the importantpart oftea processing,determines thequality ofthe product.茶叶的家乡The Homeof TeaProcessedtea leavespicked fromtea treesbecome thetea weprepare withwater and then drink（茶是一种植物，称茶树，它的芽叶通过加工就成了可供冲泡的茶叶）.Originally aproduct ofChina,teawas exportedto partsof Asiaas earlyas some1500years ago,anditarrived inEurope about400years ago.茶叶的品种Varieties ofTea绿茶VWt/different woysof processinq,tea canbe classifiedinto suchvarieties asqreen tea,black]tea红茶,oolonq tea[u:ID乌龙茶，and scentedtea花茶,etc.and undereach category,thereredifferent brandnames such astheXihu Longjing西^胡龙井（West LakeLongjing Tea,green teaproduced in Hangzhou,Zhejiang浙江杭州），Biluochun碧螺春（green tea,produced inJiangsuProv,江苏）.茶艺Tea CeremonyIn the Chinesetea culture,there arecertain ritualsand rulesto follow,either atthe stageof preparinq,drinkinq ortreatinq aquest（沏茶，敬茶，饮茶）.Theres alsoa setof criteriaforthequality ofwater,tea,and tea-making utensils.中国书法绘画Chinese calligraphyand painting文房四宝The FourTreasures ofthe StudyWenfang文房refers tothe studyfor aman of letters,and thetools andmaterials forcalligraphy andpaintinginclude thewriting brush,ink stick,ink sloband paper（笔、墨、纸、砚），so theyare jointlycalled“the fourtreasures ofthe study.In additionto these,there mayalso beother accessoriesforcalligraphy and paintinq in the studysuch asbrush pots,brush racks,ink boxes,brush rinsinqdishes,seals andseal boxes,ets（尚有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印章、印盒等多种书法和绘画用品）.毛笔The WritingBrushWriting brushesare thetraditional writingtools inChina,dating from1600BC to1066BC.The pointofthe brushisusually made withhair fromanimal tailsand theshaft ofbamboo sticks.The sizesof巳writing brushesfoil intothree types,namely larqmedium andsmall forwritinq charactersofdifferent sizesrespectively（根据书写字体大小不一样，毛笔有大、中、小号）.There arealso largeronescalled Doubrush斗笔or Tibrush提笔,and thelargest oneis calledZha brush播笔.墨（块）The InkStick（［］磨碎,碾碎）In ancientChina,people hadto grindgraind the ink stickinto ink liquid and then dipthewriting brushinto itto writeandpaint.For grindingthe ink stick,some freshwater shouldbepoured intotheink slab first,then,qrind theinkstickround inrce direction（用墨块在砚台上顺着一种方向研磨）,and gradually,the freshwater turninto inkliquid.The Ink Slab WTheinkslab,asatool forgrinding inksticks andusuallymadeof stone,is veryimportant toan ancientmanoflettersin hisstudy.The mostfamous is the DuanInkSlab端砚producedinZhaoqing,Guangdong Province广东肇庆，which iscalled Duanzhou端州in ancienttimes.This kindof inkslabshas afine,soft cmdsmooth textureand theinkliquidqround in them iswell mixedand durable（端砚质地细密柔润，研出的墨汁均匀耐用）.Ink slabscan alsobe enqravedwith exquisitedesigns astreasuresof art（砚台上还能雕出精美的花纹，成为艺术珍品）.中国画Traditional ChinesePaintingsc traditionalart inChina,traditional Chinese paintinqs orecreated throuqhspecial mannersofpresentation andartistic principles,with writingbrushes,ink,and piqment（色素颜料）which areallunique tothe Chinese（国画是中国老式的绘画艺术,它用中国所独有的毛笔、水墨、颜料，以特有的体现形式和艺术法则创作而成）.They canbe classified,according tosubject matter,intolandscape,flower-and-bird andfigure paintings.山水画Landscape PaintingsLandscapepaintings mainlydepict naturalscenery ofmountains andrivers,which firstcame intobeingin QinDynasty秦代and reacheda highlevel inSong Dynasty宋代.Chinese landscapepaintinqsattach qreatimportance topourinq cut the emotionofthe artist andstrive forcm artisticacme ofemotionbeinq inharmony withscB-ery（中国山水画重在抒发画家个人情感，到达情景交融的艺术境界）.花鸟画Flower-and-bird PaintingsFlower-and-bird paintingsdo notonly depictflowers andbirds only,but alsobamboos,rocks,beasts,insects cmdfish（竹石、走兽、虫鱼）as well.the artistadvocates isthatthedepiction ofthese thinqscouldmould thepersonal temperamentwhile embodyinqthe internalmoral characterand thepersonalpursuit ofthe artist（画家主张通过对花鸟虫鱼的描绘，陶冶人的情操，体现作者内在的思想和追求）.人物画Figure PaintingsFigurepaintings focusparticularly onthe portrayalofthecharacters activities,andthetask oftheartist isto drawcutthepose cmdattire inlines forthe purposeofcom/eyinq theromantic charmofthe fiqurein thepaintinq（画家用线条勾画出人物的形态和服饰，让人感受到画中人物的神韵）.Ancient Chinahas producedmcmy qreatartists offiqure paintinqs,suchasGu Kaizhiin Jin晋代的顾恺之,唐代的吴道子,明代的Dynasty WuDaozi inTang DynastyTang Bohuin MingDynasty唐伯虎,and soon.年画New YearsPaintingNew Yearspaintinq isc kindoftraditional Chinesepaintinqsproduced bymeans ofwoodcut processprintinq.As cmold formof folkart inChina,this kindof paintinqsall hasfestival themescmd csharpcontrast incolors（年画是中国画的一种，它采用木刻套印的措施作画，内容喜庆、色彩对比强烈，是中国古老的民间美术形式）.They arespecially createdfor decorationof homes,wardinq offevilspirits andcmMous occurrencesinthecelebration oftheChineseNew Year（它是专门为过农历新年时装饰环境、除凶辟邪而创作的）.That iswhy theyare calledNew Yearspaintings.中国文物秦始皇陵兵马俑The Terra-cotta Warriors秦始皇Qin Shihuanq,the firstemperor ofthe feudalChinese societybrouqht withhim massive）funerary belonqinqsvvhec hedie-a movetos/cw offthe authoritycmd splendorhed enjoyeddurinqhis lifetime（秦始皇是中国封建社会的第一种皇帝他死后，为了显示他生前的辉煌和权威，在他的墓中陪葬了许多东西）.Among themwere thethree barracksof Terra-cotta Warriors（兵马俑阵）,世界第八大奇迹.which havebeen marveledat asthe“Worlds EighthMiracle”地下军阵The UndergroundArmyYong iseither ahuman or animal figuremade withclay.The QinShihuang/s Tomb秦始皇陵and itsgreatarmy ofTerra-Cotta Warriors—7000soldiers,100horses and100chariots in all,qive usapicture ofthe kindof qrandscale ofthe armyond thecompleteness ofthe armysmilitary servicesmorethat yearsaqo（再现了数年前气势宏伟,兵种齐全的军阵队形）.敦煌石窟Dunhuang GrottoesThe Dunhuang Grottoes,located ora Cliffside25km southeastof downtow”Dunhucmq（位于敦煌县东南千米处的断崖上）,莫高窟.25are famousfor hisMogao CavesNow there are492grottoes inexistence,which wereconstructed duringthe4th centurytothe10th century.Mogao Caves莫高窟became atreasure ofthe Buddhistart becauseofthemultitude of murals andsculptures inthe caves.石窟壁画Cave ReliefMurals肝Theres apace of45000ofmuralsinthecai/es,the contentsof whichranqe fromBuddhist fiqures,Buddha stories,ancient fairytales anddecorative desiqns（石窟内现存的壁画多达

4.5万平方米，内容有佛像人物、佛经故事、古代神话及装饰图案）.It tookmore than1000years tocomplete.敦煌研究院TheDunhuang Academy ChinaTheDunhucmq relicshave sufferedthe plunderinqond lootinqof quitea numberof adventuressuch astheBritish,the French,the Russian,the Japanese,the Americans,etc（敦煌文物曾遭至U英、法、俄、日、美等国冒险家的盗取和掠夺）.Many suchrelics cannow beseen inmuseums andlibrariesthroughout theworld.As aneffort toprotect andfurther studytheart ofthe Dunhuang Grottoes,敦煌艺术研究所China foundedtheDunhuangArt Instituteinthe1940s,which becamethepre-existence ofnowadays theDunhuangAcademyChina敦煌研究院・中国民居Chinese FolkResidence（「））北京四合院Siheyuan Beijing Quadrangles kwDdraeijgbl]Siheyuan,a compoundenclosed byinward-facinq housesand hiqhwalls orfour sides,isthefolkresidence innorthChino（四合院是中国北方的民居,由东、南、西、北四面房屋及墙围合起范1BeijingQuadrangles[kwDdraer]g（e）l]（周围有建筑物的）四方院子ore symmetricalin design,andthe inhabitantsfollow strictrules ofhierarchy.陕西窑洞Cave Dwellingsin ShaanxiCavedwellings areunique tothe Loess[laois]Plateau innorthern Shaanx（i陕北的黄土高原）.A cavedwellingmeasures sevento eightmeters deepand morethan threemeters inbreath andheightrespectively,/t iscool insummer andwarm inwinter,resistant tofire,and soundproof.The cavedwelling,datinq backto thousandsof yearsago,is anage-old formof residencefor peopleonthe LoessPlateau.Today,therearestill manypeople living in cavedwellings.砖窑和石窑Brick Cavesand StoneCavesAn earthcave isturned intoa brickcave if reinforced withbricks,orastone caveifreinforcedwithstones.Brick cavesand stonecaves areusually usedas schoolsor offices.It isalso possibletoconstruct buildinq-like terracedbrick cavesthat arebeautiful andimposinq（还可以建成类似楼房同样的多层阶梯式砖窑外表看起来既漂亮又壮观，,福建土楼Fujian TulouTulou（earthen building）isaself-defensive folkresidence builtby theHakka（客家人）livinginsuchareas asLongyan andZhangzhou（龙岩、漳州）in FujianProvince toprotect theirclans（宗族,部落）.It isusually roundor square,and bigenough foran entireclan.祠堂The AncestralTempleThe centerofaTulou isthe ancestraltemple,which isused tooffer sacrificesto ancestorsand fordonqatherinqs.现代民居Modern PrivateHousesGreat changeshave takenplace inprivate housesin townsand countrysideinChina.Private housesintowns andcities mainlyconcentrate inresidential districts,where peoplesliving environmentsandquality arebeing improved.Inthecountryside,peoples modernprivate housesgenerally appeartohave cvarietyofbuildinq stylesand feoture（s乡村的现代民居,也在展现出各地多彩的风情面锄.A residentialdistrict composedof apartmentbuildings withdifferent formsand structureshas notonlycm improvedsystem ofproperty managementsezic（e完善的物月艮务系绸,but alsoa completesetof educational,medical andtransportation set-ups（设施）.People canpursue culturaland socialactivitiesof allkinds aswell asphysical exercisesinthecommunity ofthe residentialdistrict（在以小区形成的小区,人们可以开展文化、体育及各项社会活动）.中华武术The ChineseMartial Art少林功夫The ShaolinMartial ArtAllgenres of martial artsore derivedfrom Shaoliln,thus,in talkingabout theShaolin Temple,whatfirst enterour mindsis itsmartial art.This kindof Shaolinkungfu,accumulated inthe courseof morethana thousandyears,and extensivelydrawinq onthe advcmtaqesof allother qenresofmartialarts,was foundedthebasis ofancient Chineseart ofhealth-buildinq.It involvesvarious methodsof fightingtechniques,consistinq ofShaolin boxinq,weopocry combat,artofattack anddefense,free fiqhtinqandqiqonq（重要包括拳术、器械、才支击、散打、气功）.太极拳Taiji BoxingIntraditionalChineseboxing,Taiji Boxinghas itsunique effectoz cultivatinqmoral character,keepinqphysical fitnessand self-defendinq againstviolence（修身、健身和防身的效果）.Reqularpractice of中央神经系统Taiji willbe ofgreat benefittothecentral nervoussystem,the bloodcirculation system血液循环系统andtherespiratory[rrspiret（e）]system呼吸系统,and cowit hasalready becomeave/y popularexercise forkeepinq physicalfitness oiloverthewor/d.太极拳源流The Originsof Taiji BoxingAncient Chinesecalledtheuniverse Taiji太极,the SupremeUltimate,and theyexplained themechanismof boxingaccording tothe ancientChinesephilosophyof yinand ycmq,the twoopposinqprinciples existinginallthinqs underthe heaven,hence thename ofTaiji Boxing.This kindof boxingbeganto betaught andpracticed inthe trcmsitinqyears fromMinq Dycastyto QinqDynasty（明末清初）and oriqinatedearliest fromChen Wangling,in WenCounty,Henan Province（河南温县的陈王廷）which wasknownasChen StyleTaijiBoxing（陈氏太极拳）.Later,as itwav passeddown,the schools（杨氏、吴氏等流派）of Yangstyle andWu stylewere developedand evolved.。