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高级英语复习笔记
7.Some14,000screaming fanswere crunchingup to the frontof thestage atCapitalCenter.二Lesson one:Rock Superstars:What DoThey TellUs aboutOurselves andOurSociety a.some:（before a number）approximately,about（在数字前）大概.
1.Rock Superstars摇滚乐超级明星如some twentystudents大概20个学生.rock:rock music,rocknroll（or:rock androll）摇滚乐b.scream to make aloud,sharp cry尖声大叫.初期的摇滚乐是源于美国的民歌（folk）爵士乐（jazz）勃鲁斯歌曲（blues）n screaming”是动词scream的.ing”形式作前置修饰语，screaming fans等的一种音乐，其特性是具有强烈的节奏（rhythm）单纯的旋律（melody）意为尖声大叫的歌迷”一再反复的歌词和音符的后拍音（after beat）c.crunch:to proceedwith acrushing noise嘎吱嘎吱地往前.
2.Rock isthe musicof teenagerebeUion.摇滚乐是青少年的反叛音乐a.teenage adj.pertaining to a teenager（13至19岁的）青少年的.如The childrencrunched through the snow.孩子们嘎吱嘎吱地踩着雪走.
8.1ought jobe crawlingon myknees.其名词形式为teenager:（13至19岁的青少年）.a.crawled:to movewith theface downwardand theboys closeto theground爬b.rebellion:resistance toor defianceof anyauthority造反,反派.行.如；a rebellion against oldtraditions对旧老式的反叛.如I;The buscrawled along.公共汽车缓慢地行进.
3.By aman sheroes yeshall know him.你将从一种人崇拜的英雄得知其人.注意:短语crawl into the favorof one*superiors表达”卑躬屈膝地讨好上司，a.这句句子的句型与英语中常说的judge aman by the companyhe keeps（以b.on one*s knees:双膝跪地.一种人所交的朋友断定其为人）很相似.
9.How doyou feel about allthis adulation and heroworshipb.ye=you用于古英语或诗歌中，是第二人称代词thou的复数,如Ye arethe saltof theearth.你们是社会的中坚.（LU自v＜圣经＞＞）a.feel about:consider,think of觉得，感到.常常用于疑问句中，如How doyoufeelabout the suggestion你认为这个提议怎么样？b.adulation是adulate
4.Midnight Rambler的名词形式.ramble:walk forpleasure漫游，既可表动词，也可作名词.adulate:flatter oradmire excessively过度赞赏，奉承，恭维.如；They rambledthrough thewoods.他们在林中漫步.如One canhardly understandwhy youngpeople soadulate filmstars.年轻人
5....he said,“Grabs ahalf-gallon jugof waterand runsalong thefront platfoim,为何如此过度赞赏影星,真让人费解.sprinkling itscontents overthe firstrows ofsweltering listeners…!!
10.Or areyou drawnsomehow to this strangeclown,perhaps becausehe acts
1.grab:to seizesuddenly,eagerly,or roughly;snatch急抓,夺取.out yourwildest fantasies如:He jumpedup from the table,grabbed hishat andran out of the door.a.draw:attracts吸弓I.他从桌子旁跳了起来，抓起自己的帽子，奔出门去.如Some mutualinterests drawus together.某些共同的爱好把我们吸引到一此外,grab背面可以跟其他名词或名词短语.如块了.grab ashower迅速冲了澡，b.somehow:in someway notspecified orknown不知什么缘故.grab asandwich,胡乱吃了一种三明治，grab ataxi赶搭出租车.如Somehow I donrt like this novelthough it is sopopular.这本小说虽然很流行，但不知什么原因我却不喜欢它.有时，还可以作不及物动词.如c.fantasy:imagination,esp.when it is letfree andnot heldback（自由奔放He grabbedat theopportunity ofgoing abroad,他设法抓住这次出国的机会b.的）想象，幻想，狂想.sprinkle:to scatterdrops orparticles of water,powder or the likeon洒液体，撒wildest fantasies，最为狂妄的奇想.粉末等（于……上）.如
11.These arentidlecjuestions.They sprinkledashes on the icysidewalk.他们在积水溜滑的人行道上撒了idle:of noreal worthor purpose无聊的.灰.We sprinklethe lawnevery day.我们每天给草坪洒水.如idle rumor无聊的谎言.
12.Horwitz seesthe rockmusic arenaas a sort of debating forum,a placewhere以“sprinkling”引导的短语是动词的・ing”形式做伴随状语.再如:ideas clashand crash.They stoodthere,watching thebasketball.他们站在那里，观看篮球比赛.a.see...as...:consider...as…把.......看作......
6.They_surge tofollow him,eager to be touchedby afew baptismaldrops.b.forum:a meetingplace ofdiscussion ofmatters ofpublic interest论坛.a.surge:to move or swellforward inor likewaves如波涛汹涌而至.c.a place是asortofdebatingforum的同位语,背面由where引导的句子是A crowdsurged out of thetheater.观众从剧院里蜂拥而出.定语从句，修饰a place.b.以形容词eager”引导的不定式词组在语法功能上起着并列分句的作ideas clashand crash”意为多种思想冲撞”.用.
13.The redefinition、”Horowitz says“is atask uniquely performed byIheyoung...”an excess of enthusiasm极其愤怒/热情carry somethingto excess把事情做得uniquelyperformedby theyoung”是过去分词短语，用于修饰前面的”a过火in excessof超过如He spentin excessof hisincome.他过度奢侈，入不敷出task.
14.It isthey alonewho combineinvention andexaggeration.^.
3.provided that:conj.if andonly if;on conditionthat.假如，只要如Provided that there is no opposition,we shallproceed tocarry outthe plan.假如a.it is..who（that）是强调句式.没有反对，我们就开始执行计划Provided youpay himhe willtake thework.b.lone:（after anoun orpronoun）only（在名词或代词背面）仅，只.假如你给他钱，他会干那活
7.meticulous:taking orshowing extremecare aboutsmall details.过度仔2田的
4.mere reliefof tediumrelief:feeling ofcomfort at the endingof anxiety,fear or如:She ismeticulous inher dress.她对衣服极其在意He isvery meticulousin pain放松如:What arelief!心里多么放松啊！relief ofcheckinghis accounts.他在查帐方面非常仔细Our meticuloussecretary neverpain/anxiety缓和痛楚/紧张forgets anything.我们仔细的秘书从不会忘掉什么
5.at aloss:bewildered oruncertain不矢口所措如:For amoment Iwas at a
8.Arresting:attracting attention;striking.迷人的如:a personof arrestinggoodloss.有一阵子我不知所措He was at aloss for an explanationof theaffair.他不looks有迷人的面貌的人An arrestingsight一种引人注目的景象懂得该怎样解释那件事We areataloss tounderstand hismotive.我们对于他
9.assess:evaluate评估如；assess theimportance of•••/the valueof…评估的动机一点也不能理解的重要性/价值；assess thesituation审时度势Assessment n.
10.discipline:train andcontrol the mind控制如You shouldlearn to
6.drudgery:苦工drudge:a personwho doesmenial,dull orhard work.勤苦地做单调乏味的苦工的人discipline yourselfmore.你应当学会更好地控制自己
2.sensations:Widespread excitementor interest.轰动
11.vary from…to…伴随......而变化°如Prices ofvegetables varyfromseason toseason.蔬菜价格随季节变化而变化Opinions varyfrom individual
8.first andforcmost:首先，最重要的如:Though hehas writtenmany books,hes firstand foremosta poet.尽管他写过几本书，他首先是个诗人First andtoindividual.仁者见仁，智者见智foremost,we musthave freedom,最重要的是同我们必须有自由
9.impair:to makeworse;damage损害如:His reputationwas impairedby his斗如strive forfreedom/excellence追求自由/卓越mistakes.他的声誉受到他的错误的损害His excessivework impairedhis
13.outweigh:to bemore important than比…..更重要，胜过如My lovehealth.他过度的工作损害了他的健康for myparents outweighseverything else.我对父母的爱重于一切Do theadvantagesoutweigh thedisadvantages有利原因不小于不利原因吗？
10.Procure:obtain sth.by carefulattention oreffort获得如He procuredme
11.at large放在名词背面as awhole整个的，一般的如Boys at largesalesman打扮成推销员的小偷like sports.男孩一般爱慕运动the publicatlarge社会大众
15.reconcile myingrained likesand dislikeswith-a.reconcile:accept orbe
12.In thelong run:in the end.从长远来说，最终如in long run,you havetoresigned to something notdesired.使和解，调解；使能安于，将就接受如:He paythe pricefor yourfollies.你最终要为你的愚蠢付出代价had toreconcile himself to hisfate.他必须接受自己的命运reconcile workYouwill benefitin thelongrun.你最终会受益and rest劳逸结合He couldnot reconcilehimself to
13.has acquiredhis maximumskill maximum:being thehighest amount,value,such alow position.他不能安于这样低的地位reconcile onesidealor degreethat canbe reached最大程度如My maximumis
240.我最高记录with reality使理想与实际一致b.ingrained根深蒂固的如是240分He smokesa maximumof30cigarettes aday.他最多一天抽30根ingrained morality根深蒂固的德行香烟My salaryis notat itsmaximum yet.我的工资尚未到最高水平ItLesson13work requiresyour maximumeffort.这件事规定你做出最大努力maximize:
1.Exceedingly irksomea.exceeding:extraordinary orexceptional exceedingly:最大化如maximize onespotential/extremely极其b.irksome irk:to annoy,esp.in aprovoking ortedious wayprofits最大程度发挥潜力/获得利益反义词minimum至少令人讨厌如It irksane to do suchtedious如It requiresa minimumof fivedays work.这至少需要五天工作a minimumwork.做这样无聊的工作让我相一致感到厌烦irksome;tending toirk令人厌of temperature/wage/height最低气温/工资/身高倦的，厌烦的一some.加在名词、动词或形容词上构成形容Minimize theconsequences/the risks./the formalities将后果/风险/手续减到词另如lonesome孤单的，冷落的；quarrelsome受吵架的；troublesome麻至少烦的;wearisome使人疲劳的，令人厌烦的
14.at any rate:in anyevent;in anycase不管怎样如I willleave himalone at
2.an excessof work***excess:more thanor abovewhat isnecessary超过部anyrate.无论怎样，我不会理他分，过多如:You shouldpay for the excess.你应当支付超过部分Excess of
15.酗likely,having atendency常会，轻易有某种倾向如A carelesssorrowlaughs,excessofjoy weeps.悲极而笑，喜极而泣an excessof anger/person is apt to make mistakes,粗心的人轻易出错误Lesson Fourteen:I wouldlike totell yousomething
1.testify to:give orprovide evidenceabout something证明Ill testifyto hisexceptionalability.How canyou testifyto thereliability of the witness vt.Hiswords testifyhis reluctanceto helpme.His tearstestified hisgrief,vi.State ordeclareunder oath,usually incourt作证n.testimony:bearbe testimonyof表明Winning thescholarship istestimony ofintelligence.
2.be tantamountt adj,equivalent ineffect ormeaning实质上等于，相称于°如His answeris tantamountto arefusal.3Rampant:growing orspreading steadilyand withoutstopping;widespread;a rampantrumor disease
4.take・・・lying down甘心接受不快乐状况如He tookthe defeatlyingdown.I cannot take that insult lyingdown.
5.not give a damn:一点不在意Idont givea damnwhat theysay.我一点也不在意他们说什么
6.what if…假使......又怎样What willhappen if…What ifhe failsto helpusWhat ifthey should be inlove
8.Want n.:lack,absence,or need;often in the phr.for/from wantof由于缺乏如The plantsdied for/from wantofwater.9^Spuander:spend foolishly;use upwaste fully.Lesson Fifteenthe BeautyIndustry
1.substantially:to a large degree大体上,基本上如Their opinionsaresubstantially the same.His criticismis substantiallycorrect.
2.Prodigious:a.extraordinary insize,amount,and etc.巨大的，莫大的Prodigal a.挥霍的,挥霍的,放荡的
3.cult ofbeauty对美的崇拜the cultof surfing冲浪狂the personalitycult个人崇拜
4.Retrench]to reduceor diminish,esp.so asto economize减少，节省如The companybegan toretrench itswork force.
5.be preoccupiedwith:专注于，有心事，如When he is preoccupiedwith hishobby,he isoblivious ofwhat isgoing on around him.They werepreoccupiedwith theirthoughts.
6.intrinsically-----intrinsic:belonging toor beingpart of a thingby itsvalue本来具有的，固有的如intrinsic value内在价值intrinsic energy内能[o”get awayfrom itall,…urge:an instinctivedrive.冲动.His namealone wasenough todraw alarge audience.仅仅彳也的名字就足以吸引一大批观众.如I feltan urgeto furthermy studiesin Europe.我有一种去欧洲深造的冲
15.Rock music/he saysH is^really asociological expressionrather thana动.musical force.
23.
1..these rockmusicians mirrorfeelings...rather than:instead of而不是（肯定前者，否认后者.）例如mirror:reflect反应.He is a poetrather thana novelist.与其说他是小说家，不如说他是诗人.这里如The electionresult reflectstheir opinions.选举成果反应了他们的观点.简介另一种短语or rather,意为more exactly更为确切地说”.
24....where itsheadingid:late lastnight,or ratherearly thismorning昨天深夜,更为确切地说，是今head（for）:move toward（朝某一方向）前进.天清晨.
16.Its justthat Elvismanaged toembody thefrustrated teenagespirit of the如They wereheading for the deepjungle forhunting.他们去丛林深处打猎.1950s.a.句中的it有the reason的意思，that=be cause.
1.Jim Binns...wrote meabout some of hismisgivings.b.embody:giveadefinite formto详细体现如misgiving:worry,concern（常用复数）（对未来之事）疑虑不安，怀疑,如I likeyour schemein principle;my onlymisgiving isthat it may requiretoo largeThestatue embodiesthe sentimentof thesculptor.这尊塑像体现了雕像家的感a sumof money.情.我原则上喜欢你的计划，唯一紧张的是花销也许太大.The latestmodel of the loiryembodies manyimprovements.卡车的最新式样体现了许多改善的地方.
1.
1.our generationviews theadult worldwith greatskepticism...skepticism:doubt suspicion怀疑（态度）;怀疑主义be skeptical about:对持怀疑太度;
17.TV networkbanned him.不相信,如:a.network:a groupof radioor televisionstations linkedby wireor microwaves（广播，电视）广播网b.ban:prohibit,forbid严禁.He isskepticalabouteverything他对一切事物都抱怀疑态度.如Students arebanned fromreading dirtybooks.严禁学生阅读色情书刊.with askeptical expression带着怀疑的表情
18.Most of the olderviewers frowned,while mostof theyounger viewers
3.Apparently hespeaks for a lotof hiscontemporaries,contemporary adj.同步代applauded.的，现代；n.同步代的人如our contemporaries和我们同步代的人同义a.frown:to wrinklethe forehead,such aswhen oneis displeasedor indeep词peer同等的人，同辈如without apeer无匹敌的thought皱眉.
4.The peopleresponsible are,presumably,the adultswho...如:听到我说错了答案，他便皱起了眉头.a.responsible:l）（放在名词背面）应负责任的.如:I holdyou responsiblefor the短语frown on（upon）表达“不赞同”.safety如He frownedupon myplan.他不赞同我的计划.of herfamily.我就把她家的安全交给你了2）（放在名词前面）（工作、b.applaud:to clapthe handstogether inapproval orappreciation鼓掌喝采;夸地为等）责任重的，有责任的奖.如a responsibleposition要职3）（A）可靠的，可信赖的，如a responsible如The audienceapplauded wildly.观众热烈鼓掌.person有责任心的人c.连接词while在这里表达对照，b.presumably:perhaps大概，推测起来，也许再如I likebooks whilemy brother loves sports.我喜欢书,而我的兄弟则热
5.These conclusionsstrike me as reasonable...strike sb.+adj.（or n.）:使……衷于体育.感觉（是）如
19.The RollingStones,arrogant slriet-fighling men,demanded revolution.At firstthe ideastruck meas stupid.起初,这个主意让我觉得很愚蠢.arrogant||acrogant]:acting as if onewere moreimportantthanothers傲慢的;He strikesmeasan honestman.他让我觉得是个诚实的人.妄自尊大的.
6.The relevantquestion for the arrivinggeneration isnot whetherour societyis如；He was just tooarrogant tohis subordinates.他对他的部下太傲慢了.imperfect（we cantake thatfor granted）,but...
20.Feelings,always apart of any musicalstatement,were amajor subject.这里always apart of any musicalstatement是feelings的同位语.a.relevant:有关的如relevant information有关信息.若作表语，背面一般跟由介词t引导的短语.
21.The Beatlesshowed therewere a range ofemotions betweenlove andhate.如;The judgeruled that the evidencewas notrelevant to the case.法官认定证据range:anumberof differentthings of thesamegeneral sortor type（变动的,可与本案无关供选择的）范围;幅度.b.imperfect:不完美，由perfect（完美）加否认前缀im・构成如a rangeof colorsto choosefrom可以选择的一系列颜色；arangeof pricesfrom5Yuan to50Yuan从5元到50元不等的多种价格.另如Permissible-impermissible,possible-impossible,proper-improper,pure
22.This countryelement,Horowitz feels,helped itsaudience express^an urgeimpure,Mobile-immobile,mortal-immortals.如The projectmust becompleted bytheendof thismonth（in）one way orc.take for granted:视.......为当然another.不管用什么方式，这个项目必须在这个月底结束如You shouldnottakehis helpforgranted.你不应当认为他的帮忙是当然的事b.batten on:thrive,or prosper,or livein luxury（on）（esp.at theexpense of
7.for allis harshnessand irrationality;itisthe onlyworld wevegot.others）a.for all...尽管（靠他人牺牲而）兴旺，过奢侈的生活，（损人）肥饱私囊如For all his learning,heisnot wise.他尽管满腹经纶，处世并不聪颖For
13.someofus findthis distasteful-an undignifiedkind oflife.allhisefforts,he didntsucceed.他还是个正派的人distasteful:disagreeable;unpleasant讨厌的，令人不快乐的b.harsh:残酷的；无情的；刻薄的如Jazz isdistasteful to me.我讨厌爵士乐（爵士乐不合我的口味）如She wasvery harshwith herservant.她对用人非常刻薄
14.But for the poorin spirit,with lowlevels ofboth energyand pride,itmaybeWe haveto faceharsh realities.我们得面对残酷的现实the leastintolerable choiceavailable.c.rational:有理性的,通情达理的Availed:ready foruse;readily obtainablea.（立即）可运用的；可得到的如Man isa rationalthing.人是有理性的动物Do youconsider ita rationalexplanation你觉得这种解释合理吗？如employ allmeans available采用一切也许的措施The dressis availablein allsizes.这种款式的服装大小尺寸均有irrational:不理智，ir-为否认前缀b.（人）有空的另如Irreducible,irregular,irreparable,irreversible.如EH be available tomorrowmorning.我明天早上有空
8.Choosing astrategy tocope withit,then,is...
15.This strategyhas ancientantecedents.a.strategy:战略，与之相对的是tactics（战术）Antecedent:preceding thingor circumstance,esp.（pl.）past historyofapersonb.cope with:to struggleor contend,esp..with somedegree ofsuccess应付，前事，前情；处理（复数）身世，经历，人的过去历史如They proposedseveral possibilitiesfbr copingwith thecrisis.他们提出了对付危机的几种也许方案如;a womanof shadyantecedent——种来历口」疑的女人
1.
1...that is,the city,with allits uglinessand tension.He isunable tocope with the dutiesof hernew position.tension:mental strain紧张他不能应付新岗位的职责
17.The troublewith thesolution isthat itno longerison alarge scale.如His conduct,so faras Ican see,is unjustifiable.onalarge scale:大规模就我看来，他凭一己之力将不也许完毕这样巨大的项目b.alternative:one ofmore thantwo possibilities数种也许之一，可替代的另如onatremendous scale极大的规模如There isalternative answertothisquestion.The projectwas undertakenonagrand scale.这个项目规模很大这个问题有几种也许的答案The reformis carriedout on an enormousscale.改革的幅度极大An alternativeplan isto applyforaloan.
18.Out planet,unfortunately,is running out ofnoble savagesand unsullied另一种也许的方案就是申请贷款landscapes.
10.Drop Outrun out of:become short of,become exhausted用完drop out:to withdrawfrom退出如；We ranoutofpetrol theother day.那一天我们汽油用光了如He hasdecided todrop outof politics.We arerunningoutof time.我们已经没有时间了他已经决定退出政坛
19.Plot aRevolutionSeven studentsdropped outof universitylast year.plot:plan secretly密谋去年有七个学生被退了学如They plottedhow tokill him.他们密谋怎样杀死他
11.This isone of the oldestexpedient...=expedient:a temporarymeans toan endThecriminals wereplotting torob thebank,犯罪密谋抢银行权宜之计
20....those whohave nopatience withthe tedious workings of the democratic如resort toan expedient采用权宜之计process andwho believethattheinstitution canonly bechanged by force.
12.In one wayor another,its practitionersbatten on the societywhich…a.tedious:long andtiresome冗长乏味的a.（in）onewayoranother:以这样或那样的方式；在某方面如:a tediouslecture冗长的演讲；tediouswork乏味的工作be in short supply:供应局限性,短缺b.working（s）:action,operation工作，运作如Food isin short supply.食物供应局限性如the workingsofthemind,the workingsofthenature自然的运作Honesty isinshortsupply.缺乏诚实的人
21.To themit offersa romanticappeal,usually symbolizedby somedashing and
29....as soonas youcapture onemountain range,another onelooms justahead.charismatic figure.loom:come intoview inindistinct andenlarged form忽隐忽现a.a romanticappeal:appeal n.:the powerto attractthemindor emotions吸引如The icebergloomed outofthemist,冰山在迷雾中忽隐忽现力Dangers arelooming ahead.危险阴森森地迫近如Such lifehas no叩peal for me.这种生活对我没有吸引力
31.It dawnedon usrather suddenlythat...
22.Lets smashit andbuild somethingbetter on the ruins.dawn on:begin to be known,or realized常用先行词it,表达“明白过来如on the ruins:the remainsof destroyedor decayingor town废墟，遗迹，残骸It hasslowly dawnedupon methat hewill notlend ahelping handto us when we如theruinsofacastle一座城堡的废墟are introuble.我慢慢明白，当我们碰到麻烦的时候,他是不会伸出援手的
23.These arethe oneswhose revolutiondid notcome off...-Lesson Three:the use of forcecome off:happen,occur发生
1.startle:to disturbsuddenly assurprise惊吓.如The invasioncame offlast week.入侵是上星期发生的如starling news/s startlingdiscovery disturbing,frightening令人震惊的新To beeffective orsuccessful生效，成功闻/发现如She didntcomeoffwell in the interview.她的面试不很成功He startleduswhen he slammedthedoorso loudly.他砰的一声把口关上,让我
1..1am not,of course,suggesting thatrevolutions accomplishnothing.们大吃一惊.accomplish:bring toa successfulconclusion;achievement完毕The noisestartled me outofmy sleep.喧哗之声把我从梦中惊醒.如accomplish something/a greatdeal/miracles实现某种目的/获得很大成
2.a.motion:to make a motionor gesture,as withthe hand用手等作示后、.就/实现奇迹如He motionedme tosit down.他向我作了个手势，让我坐下.accomplish:skilled,expert纯熟的，内行的b.look over:examine,esp.briefly检查.如an accomplishgolf player技术精湛的高尔夫运动员如I willlook overyour papersoon.我很快会看一下你的论文.accomplishment s修养，才艺We lookedover severalnew modelsbefore deciding.我们看过了几种新的模如a womanof manyaccomplishment多才多艺的女人型之后才做了决定.
25.For atbest theirvictory neverdawns on the shiningnew worldthey hadHe askedmy age,height,weight andmarriage status,and thenlooked meover.dreamed of,cleansed ofall humanmeanness.他问询了我的年cleanse:make clean清洗龄，身高，体重和婚姻状况，然后打量了一番如She cleansedthe woundwith alcohol.她用酒精清洗伤口
3.Eye sb.up anddown上下仔细打量cleanse sinfrom thesoul=cleanse thesoul ofsin清洗灵魂的罪恶如They eyedthe strangerup anddown.他们对那陌生人仔细上下打量了一
26.At firstglance,this courseis farfrom inviting.番inviting:temptingly attractive诱人的
27.It dependson theexasperating anduncertain instrumentsof persuasion...如:Its upto youto breakthe newsto him.应当由你向他透露这条消息exasperate:annoy extremely令人怒不可遏It*s upto themtomakethe change.应当由他们作这个变化如Constant interruptionsexasperate m已不停的中断让我怒火中烧
5.in profusion:a greatamount quantityof something充足
28.It demandspatience,always inshortsupply.如;a greatprofusion ofcolors=colors inrich profusion五颜六色Profuse:adj.如:feel showapprehensions forthe safetyfailure对安全失败感到显得generous,lavish丰富很紧张.如:The criticswere profuse in theirpraise ofthe newnovel.批评家慷慨地赞扬
14.let go of松开,放开.了那部小说如He letgoofthe rope.他放开了绳子.He wasprofusein his thanksforthehelp.他盛情感谢他的协助
15.clench:close tightly紧紧抓住.Be profusewith onesmoney花钱大手大脚如He clenchedthe cigarin histeeth.他用牙齿紧紧夹住香烟.
6.a sorethroM口侯咙痛，sore;Physically painfulor sensitive,such asa Heclenched hisfists infrustrations.他沮丧地紧握拳头.wound ordiseased partwith clenchedteeth咬紧牙关.疼痛如Im soreall overfromtheheavy workI didyesterday.昨天干了一天重
16.a.desists:to cease,such asfrom someaction停止.活，全身上下都痛了如；The companywas forcedto desistfrom falseadvertising.企业被迫停止虚
7.in mybest professionalmanner:以我最佳的职业方式；manner:a wayof假广告.doing things做事情的方式They desistedfrom evilways.他们停止为非作歹.manner:courtesy礼貌b.should+不定式完毕体”在这里所示的是一种非真实状况，体现了作者一种遗憾的感情色彩.如good manner有礼貌如I shouldhave comeearlier.我本该早点来.Its badmanner tospeak withyour mouthfull.嘴巴里满满的对人说话是不礼貌的He shouldhave takenmy advice.他本应接受我的提议.
8.coax:attempt toinfluence bygentle persuasion哄骗
17.a.neglect=negligence疏忽如He triedto coaxthe secretfrom me.他试图哄骗我说出秘方neglect:pay noattention ortoo littleattention to不够重视,注意.
9.on ihechance:counting on the slightpossibility怀着但愿，也许也许如；You shouldntneglect yourhealth.你不应当忽视自己的健康.Benign neglect善意的疏忽;total neglect完全疏忽;parental neglect养子不教.ontheoff chance:抱着微弱的但愿.b.case:the actualstate ofthings状况.如；She appliedontheoff chance.她抱着微弱的但愿作了申请.He offeredthe informationonthechance thatit mightprove useful.他提供了信如；If thatsthe case,youd bettergive itup.假如状况确实如此，你最佳放弃.息，指望能有所协助.
18.go atassault;begin orproceed vigorously袭击，开始，进发.
10.admonish:to warnor cautiongently,to reportmildly训I诫.如；The towcocks aregoing ateach other.两个公鸡互相争斗.如；Admonish sb.against sth.劝诫.......提防.......:The teacheradmonished usThestudents tendto goat theirstudies beforethe examination.学生一般会在against beinglate.考试前才开始学习.=us notto belate.老师训教我们不要迟到.
11.a.savage:mercilessly cruel,uncivilized,wild野蛮的.如beyond humanpower超过人力所能为;beyond humanendurance让人无法忍受；如a savageattack on野蛮袭击；a savagelion野蛮的狮子savage mannersbeyonddescription难以形容.野蛮的态度savage scenery残酷的场面.
20.overpower:1overcome someoneor somethingby superiorforce压倒，
1.dodge:avoid,evade orelude逃避.b.abject:humiliating andwretched;contemptible anddespicable可怜，可鄙的.如；He wasaccused ofdodging histaxes.他被指控逃税.如an abjectapology低声下气的道歉.You shouldntdodge yourresponsibilities.你不能回避责任a.crushed:subdued压月艮.move asidesuddenly忽然闪开.
13.a.agony:extreme andprolonged suffering极大的痛苦.如I dodgedoutofthe waywhenhethrew achair atme.他将椅子向我扔来的如in agony处在痛苦之中;pile upthe agony苦上力U苦;in anagony ofjoy悲时候,我匆匆闪开.喜交加.
2.condemn:express anunfavorable judgmentor opinionof训斥.b.apprehension;uneasiness andfear恐惊,紧张.如We condemnedempty talkinstead ofhard work.我们训斥只说空话不务实的行为.件等.
3.to cometo light:to bediscovered orrevealed暴露.如；You oughtto comply withtherules/the demands/the law/the requests.你应当遵守规章/命令/法律/规定.如；On investigationsome newfacts cameto light.一经调查，某些新的事实
15.pose danger导致危险.就被暴露了.Pose:cause sth.to exist导致产生.It hasnow cometo lightthat hewas financiallybacked bysome interestgroup.人们刚刚得知，他受到了某个利益集团的经济支持.另如
4.languish:1become feeble;droop;lose livelinessorthewill todo things凋pose problems引起问题.萎，有气无力.
16.by contrast相比之卜.如;languish fromthe heat/in prison/inhisdull job由于天气炎热/坐牢/工作By contrast,his brotheris quiteeasygoing.相比之下，他的兄弟比很好相处.乏味而萎靡不振.
17.usher in:herald预报,宣布.2suffer froma feelingof longing苦思.如；usher ina newage ofprosperity宣布新的繁华时期的到来.如；languish forsome kindwords/herlove苦苦期盼某些安慰的话语/她的爱.The risingsun ushered inanew day.太阳的升起宣布新的一天开始了.
5.Moral:the moralteaching orpractical lessoncontinued ina fable,tale,The cuckoousheredinspring.布谷鸟宣布春天到来.experience,etc.Lesson Five:V drather beblack thanfemale寓意.如;There isa moraltothestory.这个故事有个寓意.
6.bizarre:unusual inappearance,style,or characters外貌，风格或性格怪异.
1.Id rather...than:prefer...to....如；a bizarrecoincidence一次奇怪的巧合;his bizarrebehavior他怪异的行为.如rd ratherdeal witha simpleman thana sophisticatedman.我宁愿与纯朴的
8.vote on:就......进行表决.I wouldhadrather…但愿+that从句中用过去式.如Lets voteon thisissue,since wecant agree.既然我们不能到达一致意见，如I wouldrather hedidnt tellher aboutit.就来投票表决吧.我真但愿他不告诉她这件事.
9.in private:not publicly,secretly私下.I hadrather youdid italone.如但愿你一人做.Such athing isbest discussedin private.这种事情最佳私下讨论.
2.Handicap:I anydisadvantage thatmakes successmore difficult.不利的原He canbe veryrube inprivate,though heis usuallypolite inpublic.他私下也许因.很粗鲁，但在大众面前一般彬彬有礼.如Bad healthisahandicap,身体不好是不利原因.
10.Taboo adj.忌讳的，严禁的.His lackof Englishisa great handicapto him.他不懂英语对他是一大缺陷.如:This topicis tabooonthecampus.校园里忌讳讨论这个话题.2a physicalor mentald逗ibilil匕残疾.
11.A.prolong:cause sth.to continuelonger延长.如Blindness isagreathandicap.眼瞎是一大残疾.如Ihaveto prolongmy stayhere foranother threedays.我必须在这里继续呆
3.at onceatthesame time;simultaneously I可步.三天如Its hardfor onetodotwo thingsat once.人很难同步做两件事.You shouldnot haveprolonged theceremony.你本不该延长典礼的时间.
4.eliminate:get ridof;remove消除.B.throes:agony痛苦.如to eliminatepoverty根除贫穷；eliminate theprejudice消除偏见.如；in deaththroes处在临终痛苦.
5.brainwash洗脑.
12.hold out:continue tolast坚持,挺住.如Dont lettelevision commercialsbrainwash youinto buyinganything you如:Can youhold outmuch longer你能再坚持一段时间吗？actually dontneed.
13.administer toapple asa remedy施用.别让电视广告引诱你购置自己实际不需要的东西.
6.invariably:always常常,总是.如administer laws执行法律.The doctoradministered someme medicinetothe girl.医生给女孩施用了某些如Its invariablywet whenthey take their holidays.他们度假时总是下雨.药.His intuitionis invariablycorrect.他的直觉总是对的.
14.complywith:act inaccordance withwishes,requirements or conditions遵
7.Campaign:a connectset ofactions toobtain aparticular resultin politicsor守意愿，规定或条business社会，政治，选举运动;游说，宣传活动.Agitate oneselfover...为.....独自焦急.如an electioncampaign选举活动;an advertisingcampaign广告宣传；如Dont agitateyourself oversuch athing.不要为这种事焦急.a campaignto combatcrime防止犯罪运动.
9.Predominate:be superiorin numbers,etc.占多数的.如Greens predominatedin thepicture.绿色植物是画中最醒目的.predominate我懂得有一家商店，你可以买到这样的东西.over月生过.I dontknowhim,but Iknowofhim.
10.mold:work intoa requiredshape orfrom塑造.我不认识他，但懂得有这个人.如Statues aremolded outof bronze.雕像是用青铜铸成的.b）whereabouts:the placewhere aperson orthing is下落,去向.He moldedhis styleonthebest writers.他以第一流作者为楷模塑造了自己的如Im stillinthedark abouthis whereabouts.文体.我仍然不懂得他的下落.Lesson Six:a goodchance
8.inch:move bysmall degrees缓慢行进.
1..keep in touch with:contact保持联络.如The childreninched through the traffic.如；Lets keepintouch.让我们保持联络吧.孩子们在拥挤的交通中缓慢前进.Keep inclose touchwith me.与我保持亲密联络.I inchedmy waythroughthenarrow spacebeen thetrucks.
2.be in for:certain toundergo不能防止.
9.tentative:a）ofthenature ofan experiment试验性的；如:The naughtyboy isin fora beating.调皮的男孩免不了要挨打.b）unsure,not definite,hesitant踌躇.We areinfora rainyseason.我们不可防止要遭遇雨季.a tentativearrangement临时安排/a tentativeoffer试验性提议It looksasifwere infor stormyweather.看那样子，似乎我们一定会碰到暴风
10.scoff at:mock atJeer at:讥笑,嘲弄.雨.如You shouldnot scoffat othersbelief.你不能讥笑他人的信奉.
3.reference:a mention,allusion提及.
11.end up:reach afinal stateorcondition最终（有了某种结局）,最终.如:If youdrive sorashly,you willend upin hospital.如The courtmade numerousreferences tohim asa witness.上去院常常传他假如你这样鲁莽开车，最终会住进医院的.去做证人.He endedup tiredand broke.他最终累垮了，破产了.
4.in goodspirits:情绪很好.
5.embitter:make bitterand angry彳更...怨T艮.
1.inedible:not fitto beeaten不可食的,不适宜食用的如；Being scoldedwithout goodreasons embitteredhim.
2.swirl:（cause to）moveorflow atvarying speeds,with twiceand turns涡旋让人无端指责，他感到一腔怨气.而动，使打旋en-,em（在b,p前）加在名词或形容词上转成动词.如A gustof windswirled dustaboutthestreets.阵风吹起灰尘弥漫大街另如The snowwas swirlingintheair.雪花在空中回旋enable（使可以）;enamor引起....的爱;encase将.......装入箱中;enchant施以魔法，使着迷.
3....that wouldhave peeledlike aplum ifsnagged.embody详细体现;empower授权;emotionally使成紫色.peel:came offin stripsor flakes剥落，脱皮
6.agitate:to disturbor exciteemotionally使不安，使兴奋.如The wall-paper seemstobepeeling off.墙纸看来要剥落了如His fieryspeech agitatedthe crowd.他的激情演讲让听众大为兴奋.
4.1et alone:without referenceto,or considering更不必说He wasexplaining thesituation inan agitatedmanner.他兴奋地阐明着当时的如；He doesnthave moneyfor food,let aloneamusements.他连吃饭的钱都没情形.有，更甭说娱乐了如I tookto literaturelong timeago.我很久此前就迷上文学
1.1ncessant:continual,often repeated:不停的，不停的Why didyou take to bowling你为何迷上保龄球？incessant chatter喋喋不休；incessant rain连绵不停的雨
16.trail off:become graduallyweaker andfade away声音等渐渐消失
7.pick herway:慎行
1.A.prominent anchormanwarns ofTVs adverse effect onAmericas culture.a.prominent:outstanding,easily seen,important,distinguished突出的,明显另如:pick oneswords精选词语；pick flaws找硝；pick andsteal小偷小摸；pick andchoose挑三拣四的,重要的，杰出的.a prominentposition/writer显赫的地位、著名作家
8.bear in mind:remember记住acquire/gain prominence出人头地b.anchorman:广播，电视新闻、体育等节目的主持人如Please bearinmindthat weare friends.请记住，我们是朋友c.adverse:unfavorable,contrary不利的，负面的
9.Infuse them withinfuse:fill灌输如adverse circumstances逆境；adverseeffect负面影响；a theoryadverseto thefacts与事实相反的理论如The coachinfused theteam withenthusiasm.教练给队员注入了热情developments adverseto ourinterests与我们的利益相反的发展They triedto infusethemwithnew ideas.他试图给他们灌输新思绪adversary:竞争中的对手
10.My imaginationboggled atthe punishmentI woulddeserve...
3.be exposedto:lay opento使暴露于.......自然是他不喜欢那女孩如Dont exposechildren toill effectsoftheInternet.不要让孩子受因特网的
12.thatin those homely sayings was couched thecollective wisdomof负面影响generations.Her youthand beautycould exposeher todanger.她的年轻美貌也许为她招致a.根据上文*“hat”可以理解为in that（即;由于）危险b.that背面是倒装句,正常语序应为The collective...wascouchedinthose如;Exposure:n.homelysayings.He threatenedme withpublic exposure.他威胁我要把我曝光c.homely:simple,unpretentious;commonly known,familiar朴素的，不华Much exposureto differentcultures ispart andparcel ofeducation.大量接触不丽的一样文化是教育的重要构成部分如a homelymeal家常便饭
4....it discouragesconcentration.d.couch:put（a thought,etc,in words）以某种措词体现Discourage preventsb.from.••使......放弃如They couchedcriticisms infactual language.他们用事实的语言体现了批如;The badweather discouragedthem fiomgoing outforthepicnic.恶劣的天评气使他们放弃外出野炊的计划
13.Search...fortheenchantment lookthrough aplace carefullyin order to findsomethingmissing;explore orexamine inordertodiscover仔细寻找It isdiscouraging that...彳艮扫兴,...一般构造为Search+place+（for）object.dis加在名词、形容词、动词上，表达否认如He searchesevery drawerforthenotebook.为了找笔记本，他搜遍了每如;able-disable使残废；disassociation分离；discharge放电；discontinue个抽屉中断；disease疾病由“不舒适”转危而来I searchmy memoryfor hisname.我努力在记忆中寻找他的名字
5.rewarding:affording satisfactionor valuableexperience;affording materialgain有价值的，有益的
14.Singled...out:pick orchoose onefrom others单单挑出如He singledmeoutfor specialmention.他单单尤其提到了我如a rewardingexperience effort有益的经验尝试Why singlehim outfor criticism为何就单单批评他？
6.applied effort:拼命努力
15.taketo:to respondfavorably to开始喜欢，迷上apply oneselfto努力进行，致力于如Ifs hardto applyyourself to some dullwork.无聊的工作很难专心致志地销.Adj.一揽子.干如:a packagetour由旅行社代办一切的旅行；He appliedhimself toserious studies.他专心致志进行严厉的研究package deal整批交易.
7.The dullest,the leastgifted of最没有天赋的can achievethings thatseem
18.pervade:become spreadthroughout allparts of弥漫miraculous...如:The smellof coffeepervaded theair.咖啡的气味弥漫在空中.a.dull:slow-witted愚专屯的Practical ideaspervaded thewhole land.整个国家弥漫着实际的思想.b.miraculous奇迹般地,不可思议的另如workaccomplisha miracle发
19.It tendstomakethings ultimatelyboring anddismissible...明一种奇迹
8.divert:turn inanother direction使转向；amuse,entertain娱乐，消遣a.ultimate:furthest orfarthest最远的.如an ultimatedestination最终目的如:Nothing coulddivert hisattention fromhis book.没有什么能转移他读书地.decisive,conclusive决定性的.如:the ultimateauthority最终权威.final,的注意力total总数.如the ultimatecost最终成本.The trafficwas divertedonto aside road.交通被引导到旁边的小路b.dismiss:put asidefrom consideration驱除.
9.lead:action ofguiding orgiving anexample领弓I,率先.如:He dismissedthe ideafor itwasjusttoo impractical.彳也并F除了这个观点，如:takethelead领先；follow sbslead效法某人；gain thelead占居首位.由于那太不合实际了.
10.perpetual:never-ending永久的.如；perpetual chatter喋喋不休;perpetual
20.A substitute foraperson orthing servingin placeof another替代.motion永恒运动.如:Guess workisnosubstitute forinvestigation.猜测不能替代调查.
11.usurp:to seizeand holdbyforceor withoutlegal right篡夺，霸占，强夺A substitutewas sentin whenone ofthe starplayers wasinjured.一位主角受伤篡权.了，就派来了一位替身.如:The assistantbegan to usurp hisboss*s authority.助手开始篡夺老板的权substitute for:替代.力.The dukeattempted tousurp thethrone.公爵试图篡夺王位.如:Who willsubstituteforyou ifyou areill假如你病了，谁替你？
21.（Come）fall shortof:to failto reacha standard,level,etc.没到达,赶不上.
12.surrenderoneselfto:to giveoneselfuptosome influence,course,etc.如:His incomemay fallshortofhis needs.他的收入达不到他的需求.沉溺于;沉迷于.如:He surrenderedto despairgrief.他沉溺于绝望悲伤.The resultfell shortof ourexpectations.成果大失我们所望.He surrenderedhimselftoa lifeof pleasure.彳也沉迷于享乐.
22.wholesale:in largeamounts oronalargescale大量地，不分青红皂白地.
14.To strainthe attentionof
1.Making hisfirst entry…第一次进入.strain:make excessivedemands upon使劲用，因过度使用而伤害.另如:makeatriumphant entry凯旋进入;have freeentry可以自由进入.如:strain oneself竭尽全力，劳累过度.
2.abrupt:sudden/unexpected忽然.He strainedhis voicetobeheard abovethe noise周围太吵，他强拉嗓子大喊，如:an abruptdeparture忽然离开.人们才听得见他.
3.sullen:showing irritationor angerby agloomy silence愠怒的.He strainedevery muscleto lifethe box.他用尽所有力气举起箱子.
4.indifferent:without interestor concern漠不关怀，不在意.
15.inherent in:existing asa permanentpart orquality thatcannot betaken out固有的，与生具有的.如He seemsindifferent toworldly success.他似乎不在意名利.如:A loveof peaceis inherentin humannature.热爱和平是人固有的本性.
5.draw orcast lots:to settlea questionbytheuseoflots抽签.
1.
1...had bequeathedtoustables ofstone commandingthat...
7.Refasten:re+fasten妻子.fasten:to attachfirmly orsecurely inplace ortosomethingelse系牢，牢牢固One agebequeaths itscivilization tothe next.一种时代将其文明留给下一种时定,绑住.代.如:Please fastenyour seatbelt.请系牢你的安全带.b.tablets ofstone石碑.fasten aboat tothe quay把船系于码头.
8.may as well:used toexpress anopinion abouta reasonfor doingor notdoing
6.filter through:pass如If thafsthe case,you mayas wellhave atry.假如状况果真如止匕，你不妨or slipthrough slowly渗出,（光等）漏出透至如The newideas arefiltering试试看.into thechildrens minds.孩子们脑中出现了新的思想Sunlight filteredNowthat yourehere,you mayaswellmake yourselfuseful.既然你在这里，你throughthewindow.夕阳从窗户透进房间Foreign influencebegan tofilter into还是可以派上用场的.the country.外国的影响开始渗透进我国
9.mock:fun of讥笑.如:His writingsmocked thefollies ofthe age.他的著作讥笑了那个时代的愚蠢.The naughtboys mockedhis queeraccent.淘汰的男孩讥笑他奇怪的口音.His irresponsibilitymocked mytrust inhim.他的不负责任嘲弄了我对他的信任.
10.nag at:beaconstant sourceof uneaseor irritationto使苦而不己.如:The debtnagged athis conscience.债务让他的良心痛苦不己.
11.narrow:limit,or restrict限制.如:The detectivesnarrowed thesearch tojust threesuspects.侦探将调杳对象限制到三个嫌犯.decrease缩小.如:The gapbetween therich andthe poorshouldbenarrowed.贫富的差距应当缩小.
12.consent:to permit,approve,or agree同意,同意.如:My fatherdidnt consentto ouragreement atfirst.我父亲最初不一样意我们结婚.We consentedtoatemporary agreement.我们到达临时协议.by commonconsent经一致同意.
13.implore:beg urgently;beseech恳求.如I imploredyour forgiveness.我恳求你宽恕我.She imploredhim formercy.她恳求他宽容她.We imploredhim tostay on.我们恳求他再呆下去.
14.£um up:总结.如:We summedup meritsand demeritsofthescheme.我们总结了这个计划的优缺陷.Could yousum upthe mainpoints ofthe lesson你能否总结本课的要点
1.Outrage:v.offend greatly触犯，违反如outrage commonsense违反常识
3.somewhat:in somemeasure ordegree;tosomeextent.彳主往后也艮形容词如The resultwas somewhatsurprising.成果有些让人感到吃惊He lookedsomewhatannoyed.他显得有些不快乐
4.facility:ability toperform somethingeasily机灵，便利，纯熟如Hetranslated sthwith greatfacility.他翻译时驾轻就熟He showedfacility inpainting.他在画画方面显得很纯熟
5.narcissism:自恋,（精神分析）自我陶醉症Narcissus（希腊神话）（爱。
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