2025年高中英语语法精讲虚拟语气核心技巧解析

虚拟语气

1.概念虚拟语气用来表达说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一种条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反

2.在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句非真实条件句表达的是假设的或实际也许性不大的状况，故采用虚拟语气令真实条件句真实条件句用于陈说语气，假设的状况也许发生.句型条件从句+主句一般目前时+shall/will+动词原形If hecomes,he willbring hisviolin.经典例题The volleyballmatch will be putoff ifit.

1.will rainB.rains C.rained D.is rained答案B真实条件句主句为未来时，从句用一般目前时注意1在真实条件句中，主句不能用be goingto表达未来，该用shall,will.错If youleave now,you arenever goingto regretit.对If youleave now,you wi11never regretit.2表达真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall will+动词原形，而直接用一般目前时的动词形式令非真实条件句时态可以表达过去，目前和未来的状况它的基本特点是时态退后同目前事实相反的假设a.句型条件从句+主句一般过去时+should would+动词原形If theywere here,they wouldhelp you.表达于过去事实相反的假设b.句型条件从句+主句过去完毕时+should would have+过去分词If shehad workedharder,she wouldhave succeeded.The ricewould not have beenburnt if you had been morecareful.If mylawyer had been herelast Saturday,he wouldhave preventedme fromgoing.If hehad comeyesterday,I should/wouldhavetold him about it.含义He did not comeyesterday,so Idid nottell himabout it.If hehad notbeen ill and missed many classes,he wouldhave madegreater progress.含义He wasillandmissedmanylessons,so hedid notmake greaterprogress.表达对未来的假想c.句型条件从句+主句条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形If yousucceeded,everything would be allright.If you should succeed,everything would be allright.If youwere tosucceed,everything wouldbe allright.令混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不一样的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不一样而不一样，这叫做混合条件句If youhad askedhim yesterday,you wouldknow whatto donow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与目前事实相反）If ithad rainedlast night（过去），it wouldbe verycold today（目前）.令虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分假如具有were、should、或had可将if省略，再把were、should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装Were theyhere now,they couldhelp us.二If theywere herenow,they couldhelp us.Had youcome earlier,you wouldhave methim=If youhad comeearlier,you wouldhave methim.Should itrain,the cropswouldbesaved.=Were it to rain,the cropswouldbesaved.注意在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were替代If I were you,I wouldgo tolook forhim.假如我是你，就会去找他If he were here,everything wouldbe allright,假如他在这儿，一切都会好的经典例题to dothe work,I should do itsome other day.A.If wereI B.IwereC.Were ID.Was I答案C.在虚拟条件状语中假如有were,should,had这三个词，一般将if省略，主语提前，变成were、should.had+主语的形式但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式如我们可说Were Inot todo,而不能说WerenJ tI todo.I forget where I read the article,or Iittoyou now.A.will showB.would showC.am goingto showD.am showing

2.nIt looksas ifhe weredrunk.n“So itdoes.f!•A.Hed bettergive updrinkingB.He shouldnthave drunkso muchC.Health ismore importantthan drinkD.I wonderwhy heis alwaysdoing so

3.“Mary lookshot:and dry.So youifyouhad sohigh afever.nc.A.do B.are willD.would

4.He will come tomorrow/nBut Id rather hethe dayafter tomorrow/*A.will comeB.is comingC.came D.had come1Shall Icome tomorrowIdrather youA.won*t B.didnt C.don*t D.wouldnt2Ive toldhimaboutit.”But IdratheryouJA.didnt B.hadnt C.donrt D.wouldn*t3He willtake youas well.1But Pdrather he「A.wont B.didn,t C.doesnt D.wouldntA.should be;be operatedonB.were;must be operated onC.was;should beoperatedD.was;beoperatedonThe patientinsisted that he illand to the hospital.A.wasnt,wasnt sentB.wasnt,shouldnt be sentC.shouldnt be,wasnt sentD.shouldnt be,shouldnt besent

5.All thedoctors in the hospitalinsisted that he badlywounded andthatheat once.2The man in prisoninsisted thathe nothingwrong andset free.A.should do,should beB.had done,should beC.had done,hadbeen3D.shoulddo,hadbeen3I advisedthathetothehospital atonce,but heinsisted thathe quitewellthen.A.was sent;felt B.besent;was feelingC.he sent;feel D.should besent;should feel

6.smoking,he wouldnothavegot cancerin thelung.A.Was hegiven upB.Had hegiven upC.Did hegive upD.If hegave up解析

1、【陷阱】几种干扰项均有也许误选【分析】对的答案选B.根据上文的语境可知句中的or隐具有一种虚拟的条件，即厂if IdidntforgetwhereIreadthearticle要是我没忘掉我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但实际上忘了

2、【陷阱】几种干扰项均有也许误选，重要是受句中drunk一词的影响【分析】最佳答案为D.关键信息是It looksas ifheweredrunk中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，〃他喝醉了〃不是事实，只是他的言行仿佛是醉了，因此此题的最佳答案是D.

4、【陷阱】轻易误选A或B.根据上文的He willcome tomorrow以及下文的时间状语the dayaftertomorrow似乎都表明空白处应填一种一般未来时态【分析】但此题的最佳答案是C.按照英语习惯，would rather后接that从句时，从句谓语一般要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表达目前或未来，用过去完毕时表达过去又如r dratheryou leftright now.我宁愿你目前就离开I wouldmuch ratherit wasforgotten.我更愿这事被遗忘掉rdrather hehadn，t told me aboutit.我宁愿他没告诉我这事

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3、4答案均为B

5、【陷阱】几种干扰项均有也许误选【分析】最佳答案选C.insist后的从句谓语有时用〃should+动词原形〃这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，详细要看该谓语动词所示的含义一般说来，若该谓语动词所示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈说语气分析上题的句意，可知只有选C最合适如下类似试题答案选B【陷阱】轻易误选6D.【分析】对的答案应选B.之因此不能选D,是由于时态前后有矛盾由于主句谓语是wou1d nothavegot,这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，因此从句谓语应当是had givenup,而不是像D项那样用一般过去时此外，当虚拟条件句中有had,should,were等词时，一般可以省略if,并将had,should,were提前置于句首等引导的从句中,假如谓语包具有动词主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是when,if,unless be,,就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分尤其是动词省略掉.it beLookout forcars whencrossing thestreet.When takenaccording tothe directions,the drughas noside effects.Although notyet sixmonths old,she wasable towalk withoutsupport.If notwell managed,imgation canbe harmful.If necessary,Ill havethe letterduplicated.If possible,I shouldlike to have twocopies ofit.Though reducedin numbers,they gainedin fightingcapacity.This viewpoint,however understandable,is wrong.Enemies,once discovered,were tightlyencircled andcompletely wipedout.Once havingmade apromise,youshouldkeep it.She hurriedlyleft theroom as though/if angry.Fill in the applicationas instructed.Whenever known,such factsshould bereported.The documentswill bereturned assoon assigned.He saidthat noacrobat couldever performthose daringfeats unlesstrained veryyoung.Fill in the blankswith articleswherever necessary.As scheduled,they meton January20at theChinese Embassy.或者引导的状语从句中than asHetoldmenot touse morematerial thanit isnecessary.We shouldthink moreof thecollective thanof ourselves.They workedwith asmuch enthusiasmas youngpeople did.He isnow avice-manager,but stilloften worksinthekitchen asbefore.Their trainingis free,as is all education.We will,as always,stand onyour side.His lifeis asfully committedto booksas anyoneI know.While standingthere inher nightgown,two bulletsstruck thewall besideher.虚拟语气的几点补充:、类似引导的虚拟条件句1if主语+去式对目前状况虚拟Wish,would rather,as if/asthough,if only+JS过去完毕时对过去状油拟had done主语+过去式表达应当做某事了It ishigh timethat+、动词接型的虚拟从句，可以省略2should shoulddo,should

三、四”口诀一种坚持一insist两个命令一order,command三个规定一demand,required,request四个提议一suggest,advise,recommend,propose［例］:Teachers recommendparents theirchildren under12to ridebicycles toschool.A.not allowB.do notallow C.mustnt allowD.couldnt allowTheguard atthe gateinsisted thateverybody therules.A.obeys B.would obeyC.will obeyD.obeyJane/s paleface suggestedthat sheill,and herparents suggestedthat sheamedical examination.A.be;should haveB.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has

1.The Bennets*new neighbourItisatruth wellknown toall theworld thatan unmarriedmanin possession ola largefortune23must beinneed of a wife.And whensuch aman movesinto aneighbourhood,even ifnothing isknown abouthisfeelings oropinions,this truthis soclear tothe surroundingfamilies,that theythink ofhim immediatelyasthe futurehusband ofone orother of their daughters.My dearMr Bennet/said Mrs Bennet toher husbandone day,have youheard thatsomeone isgoing torentNetherfield Parkat lastNo,Mrs Bennet,I havent.said herhusband.‘Dont youwant toknow who is rentingit*cried MrsBennet impatiently.You wantto tellme,and Idont mindlistening/MrsBennetneeded nofurther encouragement.Well,my dear,I hearthat hesa veryrich youngmanfrom thenorth ofEngland.It seemshe cameto seeNetherfield onMonday andwas sodelighted withitthat hearranged torent itat once.Of course,it isthe finesthouse inthe area,with thelargest gardens.Hisservants willbe hereby theend ofthe week,and hewillbearriving soonafterwards!After listeningto theirpraise ofthe officersone morning,Mr Bennetsaid coolly,Prom whatI cansee,you mustbe twoofthesilliest girlsinthecountry.Ive suspectedit forsome time,but nowImconvinced.,Kitty wasembarrassed anddidnotreply,but Lydia,the youngest,continued toexpress heradmirationfor acertain CaptainCarter,with perfectindifference.sillyThat isthe onlypoint,I think,on whichwe donot agree.I amafraid Imust saythat Iconsider ourtwoyoungest daughtersunusually foolish.,My dearMr Bennet,you mustntexpect suchyoung girlstohavethe commonsense oftheir fatherormother.1remember whenI usedto likea redcoat myself,and indeedI stilldo.If agoodlooking officerwithfive orsix thousanda yearwanted tomarry oneof mygirls,I wouldntturn himdown.And IthoughtColonel Forsterlooked veryhandsome lastnight atSir Williams,in hisregimental uniform.,Just thena servantentered witha notefor Jane,which hadcome fromNetherfield.Mrs Bennetseyesshone withpleasure andshe calledout eagerly,while herdaughter wasreading it,Well,Jane,whoisitfrom Whatdoes hesay Tellus,tell usquickly,my love!12in possessionof拥有、占有eg:He isinpossessionofalarge estateinthecountry.他在乡卜拥有一大块地产3fortune财富；运气eg:Fortune smilesupon thebrave andfrownsupon thecoward.财富总是对勇敢的人微笑，对懦弱的人皱眉头rent租借、出租eg:I reritan apartmentin town.我在城里租了一种公寓意、注意;作名意为作动词表达介、智力mind词理智、精神themind myclosing windoweg:Do you我关窗您不会介意吧？到结by theend of束时、在之前eg:Weve finishedour taskthedeadline.by theend of在截止日期之前我们就完毕了任务确信的、深信的convincedeg:He isconvinced thatshe couldmake himhappy.虽然他对她理解不多，不过他坚信她可以让自己过得快乐尴尬的、窘迫的embarrassedeg:Jim wasembarrased formaking sucha bigmistake.吉姆对自己犯了那么大个错误而感到尴尬不已漠不关怀、淡漠；对应的形容词形式为indifference indifferenteg:Everyone canfeel hisindifference.每个人都能感受到他的淡漠期望、指望、预期；其名词形式为expect expectationeg:I neverexpectthat youwillcome.我没想到你回来拒绝、拒绝turn downeg:Why didyou turndown hisinvitation你为何拒绝了他的邀请。